Sustainable Practices and Innovations in Civil Engineering: Select Proceedings of SPICE 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 179)

This book presents the select proceedings of the international conference on Sustainable Practices and Innovations in Civil Engineering 2021 (SPICE 2021). The topics covered include the addition and replacement of cementitious materials in concrete, thereby enhancing the strength and durability characteristics of concrete, instrumentation and testing in structural engineering, ground improvement techniques, water management, waste management, and energy efficiency and sustainability in construction. It also includes few papers in the area of environmental civil engineering and discusses key issues in the field of water resources and the impact of COVID-19 on the construction industry. This book is a valuable reference to the students, researchers, and professionals in the field of civil engineering. Contents About the Editors Experimental Study on Application of Geogrid in Concrete to Improve Its Flexural Strength 1 Introduction 2 Materials Used 3 Methodology 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Water Quality Assessment for Batu Pahat River Basin, Malaysia 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Water Quality Parameters 3.3 River Classification in Malaysia 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Effect of Graphene Oxide and Crumb Rubber on the Drying Shrinkage Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC): Experimental Study, RSM—Based Modelling and Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Material Quantities and RSM Variable Proportioning 2.3 Mixing, Sample Preparation and Testing 3 Results and Discussion 4 RSM Modelling Validation and Optimization 5 Optimization 6 Conclusion References Experimental Study on Alternative Material for Conventional Fine and Coarse Aggregate in Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 River Sand 2.2 Foundry Sand 2.3 Laterite Sand 2.4 CCA 2.5 RCA 2.6 EPS Beads 3 Chemical Properties 4 Basic Material Testing 4.1 Specific Gravity Test on Aggregates 4.2 Gradation of Aggregate 4.3 Water Absorption 4.4 Bulk Density 4.5 Size of CA 4.6 Shape of CA 4.7 Impact Value 4.8 Comparison of Material Properties 5 Compressive Strength on Hardened Concrete 6 Density of Concrete 7 Conclusion References Analysis of Traffic Signal Delays in Erode City Using Microscopic Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Key Notes of Literature 3 Methodology 4 Data Collection 4.1 Population 4.2 Intersections 4.3 Kaalaimadu Junction (Bull Fight Junction) 4.4 P.S. Park Junction 4.5 Swasthick Circle 5 Simulation and Analysis 5.1 VISSIM Simulation—Step by Step Process 5.2 Creating Links 5.3 Vehicle Inputs 5.4 Generating Spline 5.5 Signal Inputs 5.6 Queue Counters 5.7 Anaylsis 6 Conclusions References Replacement of Polyethylene Bags by Bioplastics Using Solanum Tuberosum 1 Introduction 1.1 Literature Gap Analysis 2 Extraction of Starch Form Potato tubers 2.1 Extraction Process 2.2 Potato Preparation 3 Blending and Slurring 3.1 Water Slurring 3.2 Filtration 3.3 Final Starch 4 Production of Starch-Based Bioplastic Without Cellulose 5 Production of Starch-Based Bioplastic with Cellulose 6 Specimen Testing 6.1 Thickness Test (Linear Gauge Experiment) 6.2 Roughness Test 7 Conclusion 8 Future Progress References A Review on Precast Concrete Construction 1 Introduction 2 Application 3 Positive Aspects of Precast Construction 4 Negative Aspects of Precast Construction 5 Types of Precast Construction 6 Plain Concrete Precast Construction 6.1 Inter Locking Paver Blocks and Pavement Systems 6.2 Jali-Works/mesh Products 6.3 Kerb Stones and Road Divider Barriers 7 Reinforced Concrete Construction 7.1 Precast Concrete Wall Panels 7.2 Building Component Elements 7.3 Culverts and Aqueducts 7.4 Retaining Structures 7.5 Storm Water Channels and Sewage Disposal Drains 8 Pre-Stressed Concrete Precast Construction 8.1 Railway Track Sleepers 8.2 Bridge Piers 8.3 Box Girders and U Girders 8.4 Some Illustrations on Precast Concrete Factory 9 A Special Structure 10 Case Studies 11 Advances in Multi-Storey Buildings 12 Wall Panels 13 Lintels 14 Stairs 15 Joint Connections 16 Cracks in Precast Elements 17 Paver Blocks and Pavements 18 Advances in Bridge Construction 19 Pipes 20 Roofs for Industrial Structures 21 Railway Sleepers 22 Noise Barriers and Highway Structures 23 Sheet Piles 24 Manholes and Covers 25 Manufacturing Management 26 In-House Layout Management 27 Plant Network 28 Production Planning Management 29 Conclusion References Evaluation of Labor Positioning Factors Influencing Construction Manpower Allocation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Labor Positioning Factors Influencing Manpower Allocation—Perspective of the Respondents’ Experience 3.2 Evaluation of Significance 4 Conclusion References A Review on Factors Influencing the Use of Personal Protective Equipment in Construction Projects 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Result and Discussions 4.1 An Overview of the Personal Equipment Issues from the Last Nineteen Years 4.2 Critical Factors Affecting the PPE at Workplaces 4.3 Top Five Critical Factors Impacting PPE 5 Conclusions References Thermal Properties of Concrete Containing Cenosphere and Phase Change Materials 1 Introduction 1.1 Cenosphere 2 Experimental Details 2.1 Cenosphere 2.2 Phase Change Materials (PCM) 2.3 Polypropylene Fiber (PP) 2.4 Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 2.5 Mortar Design Mix 2.6 Experimental Method 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Compressive Strength 3.2 Splitting Tensile Strength 3.3 Density 3.4 Thermal Conductivity 4 Conclusion References Causes and Consequences of Dam Failures—Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Case Studies 2.1 Failure Caused by Internal Erosion 2.2 Failure Caused by Overtopping 3 Lessons Learned 4 Conclusion References Seismic Analysis of Hypar Shell Foundation in Sandy Soil 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Static Analysis 3.2 Dynamic Analysis 4 Conclusion References Single and Group Static Laterally Loaded Vertical Pile in Horizontal and Sloping Ground—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Lateral Load Behaviour in Horizontal Ground 2.1 Single Pile Behaviour 2.2 Group Pile Behaviour 2.3 Comparing Single and Group Pile Behaviour 2.4 p-y Curve 3 Sloping Ground 3.1 Passive Pile 3.2 Active Pile 4 Summary 5 Conclusion References Innovative Investigation on Flexible Pavement Using Bitumen Blended with Waste Plastic 1 Introduction 2 Why Replacement 3 Objectives of the Study 4 Review of Literature 5 Methodology 6 Materials and Methods 7 LABORATORY TEST Conducted on Material 8 Optimization of Waste Plastics by Anova Test Results 9 Cost Analysis 10 Conclusion References Use of RMC Wastewater in Concrete with Admixtures for Strength Enhancement 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Study on Properties of Polymer Mortar with Foundry Sand 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Characterization and Valorization of Sugarcane Press Mud in Civil Engineering Applications 1 Introduction 2 Sugarcane Press Mud 3 Characterization of Sugarcane PM 4 PM in Civil Engineering Applications 4.1 PM in Manufacture of Cements and Mortars 4.2 PM in Stabilized Blocks and Bricks 4.3 PM in Soil Stabilization 4.4 An Evaluative Discussion 5 Conclusions References A Study of Environmental Management of Construction and Demolition Waste 1 Introduction 2 Composition of C&D Waste 3 Current C&D Waste Management Practices 4 Literature Review 5 Methodology 5.1 Preliminary Survey 5.2 Site Visit 5.3 Literature Survey 5.4 Preparation of Questionnaire 6 Analysis and Results 7 Recommendations 8 Conclusion References Study on the Compressive Strength and Water Absorption Characteristics of Mortar Blocks with Cenosphere as Partial Replacement for Cement 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Study 2.1 Fresh Properties of Cenosphere Replaced Cement Binder 2.2 Mechanical Property of Cenosphere Replaced Cement Mortar 2.3 Durability Test on Cenosphere Replaced Cement Mortar 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Consistency and Initial Setting Time 3.2 Compressive Strength of Mortar Cubes 3.3 Water Absorption and Sorptivity Coefficient 4 Conclusion References Performance Assessment of the Perforated CFS Unlipped and Lipped Channel Section Under Compression 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Study 2.1 Material Property 2.2 Specimen Details 2.3 Test Procedure 3 Analytical Study 3.1 FEM Modelling, Loading and Boundary Condition 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Effect of Perforation on Column Strength 4.2 Effect of Lip on the Load-Strain Behaviour 4.3 Failure Mode 5 Conclusion References Retrofitting of Exterior Beam-Column Joint—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Literature Studies and Reviews 2.1 Studies on the Reinforced Cement (RCC) Concrete the Beam to Column Joint 2.2 Retrofitting Strategies of Beam to Column Joint 3 Conclusion References Space Frame Structure as Roof and Floor System—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Space Frame as Roof System 3 Space Frame as Floor system 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Experimental Study 4.2 Analytical Study 5 Conclusion References Study on Microstructural Characterization of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Glass Powder and Rice Husk Ash in Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Material Properties 3 Strength Properties 4 SEM Investigation of Composite Mixture 5 X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis 6 Conclusion References Experimental Investigation on the Copper Slag, Silica Fume and Fly Ash in High-Performance Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Preliminary Tests on Materials 2.3 Specimen Preparation 2.4 Testing of Specimen 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Crack Pattern Observation 3.2 Flexural Loading Result 4 ABAQUS Software Analysis 4.1 Meshing 4.2 Flexural Loading Analysis of Beams 5 Conclusion References