Sustainable Plastics : Environmental Assessments of Biobased, Biodegradable, and Recycled Plastics

"A vital resource for practitioners, scientists, researchers, and students, the text includes impacts of plastics including Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and sustainability strategies related to biobased plastics and petroleum based plastics as well as end-of-life options for petroleum and biobased plastics"--;"Providing guidelines for implementing sustainable practices for traditional petroleum based plastics, biobased plastics, and recycled plastics, Sustainable Plastics and the Environment explains what sustainable plastics are, why sustainable plastics are needed, which sustainable plastics to use, and how manufacturing companies can integrate them into their manufacturing operations. A vital resource for practitioners, scientists, researchers, and students, the text includes impacts of plastics including Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and sustainability strategies related to biobased plastics and petroleum based plastics as well as end-of-life options for petroleum and biobased plastics"--;1. Introduction to Sustainability -- 1.1. Sustainability Definition -- 1.2. Green Chemistry Definitions -- 1.3. Green Engineering Definitions -- 1.4. Sustainability Definitions for Manufacturing -- 1.5. Life Cycle Assessment -- 1.6. Lean and Green Manufacturing -- 1.7. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 2. Environmental Issues -- 2.1. The Planet is Warming -- 2.2. Melting of Glaciers -- 2.3. Rising Seas -- 2.4. Causes of Global Warming -- 2.5. Ocean Pollution and Marine Debris -- 2.6. Chemical Pollution from Plastics -- 2.7. Landfill Trash -- 2.8. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 3. Life Cycle Information -- 3.1. Life Cycle Assessment for Environmental Hazards -- 3.2. Life Cycle Assessment Definitions -- 3.3. ISO 14040/14044 Life Cycle Assessment Standards -- 3.4. Sensitivity Analysis -- 3.5. Minimal Acceptable Framework for Life Cycle Assessments. 1. Introduction to Sustainability -- 1.1. Sustainability Definition -- 1.2. Green Chemistry Definitions -- 1.3. Green Engineering Definitions -- 1.4. Sustainability Definitions for Manufacturing -- 1.5. Life Cycle Assessment -- 1.6. Lean and Green Manufacturing -- 1.7. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 2. Environmental Issues -- 2.1. The Planet is Warming -- 2.2. Melting of Glaciers -- 2.3. Rising Seas -- 2.4. Causes of Global Warming -- 2.5. Ocean Pollution and Marine Debris -- 2.6. Chemical Pollution from Plastics -- 2.7. Landfill Trash -- 2.8. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 3. Life Cycle Information -- 3.1. Life Cycle Assessment for Environmental Hazards -- 3.2. Life Cycle Assessment Definitions -- 3.3. ISO 14040/14044 Life Cycle Assessment Standards -- 3.4. Sensitivity Analysis -- 3.5. Minimal Acceptable Framework for Life Cycle Assessments. 3.6. Life Cycle Inventory for Petroleum-Based Plastics -- 3.7. Life Cycle Assessment for Biobased Poly Lactic Acid -- 3.8. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 4. Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers -- 4.1. Biobased and Biodegradable Definitions -- 4.2. Biobased Polymers -- 4.3. Petroleum-Based Compostable Polymers -- 4.4. Life Cycle Assessment of Compostable and Biodegradable Polymers -- 4.5. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 5. Biobased and Recycled Petroleum-Based Plastics -- 5.1. Biobased Conventional Plastics -- 5.2. Recycled Petroleum-Based Plastics -- 5.3. Oxodegradable Additives for Plastics -- 5.4. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 6. End-of-Life Options for Plastics -- 6.1. US EPA Warm Program -- 6.2. Mechanical Recycling of Plastics -- 6.3. Chemical Recycling -- 6.4.Composting -- 6.5. Waste to Energy. 6.6. Landfill Operations -- 6.7. Life Cycle Assessment of End-of-Life Options -- 6.8. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 7. Sustainable Plastic Products -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Sustainable Plastic Packaging -- 7.3. Sustainable Plastic Grocery Bags -- 7.4. Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Plastic Bottles -- 7.5. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 8. Biobased and Biodegradation Standards for Polymeric Materials -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Biobased Standard Test Method -- 8.3. Industrial Compost Environment -- 8.4. Marine Environment -- 8.5. Anaerobic Digestion -- 8.6. Active Landfill -- 8.7. Home Compost -- 8.8. Soil Biodegradation -- 8.9. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 9. Sustainable Strategies for Plastics Companies -- 9.1. Sustainable Plastics Manufacturing and Best Practices. 9.2. Manual Creation of Life Cycle Assessment Calculations -- 9.3. Carbon Credits and Carbon Taxes -- 9.4. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- 10. Future of Sustainable Plastics -- 10.1. Sustainable Biobased Plastics Made from Renewable Sources -- 10.2. Sustainable Traditional Plastics Made from Renewable Sources -- 10.3. Growth in Biobased Plastics with Development of Durable Goods -- 10.4. Growth in Biobased Plastics for Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices -- 10.5. Summary -- References -- Review Questions -- Review Problems -- Review Exercises -- Appendix A Injection Molding -- A.1. Introduction -- A.2. Process Control During Injection Molding -- A.3. Molds for Injection Molding -- A.4. Molding Defects -- References -- Appendix B Extrusion -- B.1. Introduction -- B.2. Extrusion Processing -- B.3. Extrusion Process Control -- B.4. Extrusion Defects -- References -- Appendix C Blow Molding -- C.1. Extrusion Blow Molding. C.2. Injection Stretch Blow Molding -- References -- Appendix D Industrial Compost Biodegradation Testing -- D.1. Methodology -- D.2. Materials -- D.3. Carbon Content Testing Results -- D.4. Biodegradation Results -- D.5. Phytotoxicity Testing -- D.6. Regulated Heavy Metal Testing -- References -- Appendix E Marine Biodegradation Testing -- E.1. Methodology -- E.2. Materials -- E.3. Experimental Setup -- E.4. Marine Biodegradation Results -- Appendix F Answers to Selected Questions at the End of Each Chapter. One of the greatest contemporary records of fourteenth-century England and France Depicting the great age of Anglo-French rivalry from the deposition of Edward II to the downfall of Richard II, Froissart powerfully portrays the deeds of knights in battle at Sluys, Crecy, Calais and Poitiers during the Hundred Years War. Yet they are only part of this vigorous portrait of medieval life, which also vividly describes the Peasants' Revolt, trading activities and diplomacy against a backdrop of degenerate nobility. Written with the same sense of curiosity about character and customs that underlies the works of Froissart's contemporary, Chaucer, the Chronicles are a magnificent evocation of the age of chivalry. For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators. The chronicles of Froissart are one of the greatest contemporary records of 14th-century England and France. Depicting the great age of Anglo-French rivalry from the deposition of Edwards II to the downfall of Richard II, Froissart portrays the deeds of knights in battle at Sluys, Crecy, Calais and Poitiers during the Hundred Years War. The Chronicles of Froissart (1337-1410) are one of the greatest contemporary records of fourteenth-century England and France. Depicting the great age of Anglo-French rivalry from the deposition of Edward II to the downfall of Richard II, Froissart powerfully portrays the deeds of knights in battle at Sluys, Crecy, Calais and Poitiers during the Hundred Years War. Yet they are only part of this vigorous portrait of medieval life, which also vividly describes the Peasants' Revolt, trading activities and diplomacy against a backdrop of degenerate nobility. Written with the same sense of curiosity about character and customs that underlies the works of Froissart's contemporary, Chaucer, the Chronicles are a magnificent evocation of the age of chivalry Providing Guidelines For Implementing Sustainable Practices For Traditional Petroleum Based Plastics, Biobased Plastics, And Recycled Plastics, Sustainable Plastics And The Environment Explains What Sustainable Plastics Are, Why Sustainable Plastics Are Needed, Which Sustainable Plastics To Use, And How Manufacturing Companies Can Integrate Them Into Their Manufacturing Operations. A Vital Resource For Practitioners, Scientists, Researchers, And Students, The Text Includes Impacts Of Plastics Including Life Cycle Assessments (lca) And Sustainability Strategies Related To Biobased Plastics And Petroleum Based Plastics As Well As End-of-life Options For Petroleum And Biobased Plastics--,a Vital Resource For Practitioners, Scientists, Researchers, And Students, The Text Includes Impacts Of Plastics Including Life Cycle Assessments (lca) And Sustainability Strategies Related To Biobased Plastics And Petroleum Based Plastics As Well As End-of-life Options For Petroleum And Biobased Plastics-- "Providing guidelines for implementing sustainable practices for traditional petroleum based plastics, biobased plastics, and recycled plastics, Sustainable Plastics and the Environment explains what sustainable plastics are, why sustainable plastics are needed, which sustainable plastics to use, and how manufacturing companies can integrate them into their manufacturing operations. A vital resource for practitioners, scientists, researchers, and students, the text includes impacts of plastics including Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and sustainability strategies related to biobased plastics and petroleum based plastics as well as end-of-life options for petroleum and biobased plastics"-- Provided by publisher « Providing guidelines for implementing sustainable practices for traditional petroleum based plastics, biobased plastics, and recycled plastics, Sustainable Plastics and the Environment explains what sustainable plastics are, why sustainable plastics are needed, which sustainable plastics to use, and how manufacturing companies can integrate them into their manufacturing operations. A vital resource for practitioners, scientists, researchers, and students, the text includes impacts of plastics including Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and sustainability strategies related to biobased plastics and petroleum based plastics as well as end-of-life options for petroleum and biobased plastics »-- Résumé de l'éditeur

Froissart (1337-1410), sometimes described as the historian of the Hundred Years' War, was one of the first great journalists.

His Chronicles reveal the same curiosity about character and customs which underlies the works of his contemporary, Chaucer. This selection depicts a panorama of Europe during the great age of Anglo-French rivalry, from the deposition of Edward II to the downfall of Richard II, Froissart's famous descriptions of chivalry in action at Sluy's, Crecy, Calais and Poitiers are only part of a comprehensive court's-eye-view of society which embraces trading activities, diplomacy and the Peasants' Revolt.

IN order that the honourable enterprises, noble adventures and deeds of arms which took place during the wars waged by France and England should be fittingly related and preserved for posterity, so that brave men should be inspired thereby to follow such examples, I wish to place on record these matters of great renown.