Sustainable Education Policy Development in China: Challenges and Strategies (Exploring Education Policy in a Globalized World: Concepts, Contexts, and Practices)

Foreword Contents About the Author 1 Sustainable Development of Preschool Education in China 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 The Idea of Preschool Education Sustainable Development 1.1.2 The Characteristics of Preschool Education Sustainable Development 1.1.3 The Main Content of Sustainable Development of Preschool Education 1.2 Historical Development of Preschool Sustainable Education 1.2.1 The Period of Recovery and Development of Preschool Education 1.2.2 The Period of Sustained Development of Preschool Education 1.2.3 The Period of Policy Changes of Development of Preschool Education 1.3 The Challenges and Problems in Practice 1.3.1 Poor Professionalism and Lack of Professionalism 1.3.2 Few Post-service Training Opportunities and Unsatisfactory Professional Development 1.3.3 The Distribution of Preschool Education Teachers Is Not Balanced, and High-quality Teachers Are Too Concentrated 1.4 The Countermeasures and Suggestions 1.4.1 Strengthen the Construction of Laws and Regulations on Preschool Education to Provide Institutional Guarantee for the Training of Preschool Teachers 1.4.2 Comprehensively Promote the Reform of Education and Teaching of Preschool Talent Training 1.4.3 Reform the Training Mode of Preschool Education Talents 1.4.4 Improve the Enrollment Level of Preschool Teachers 1.4.5 Optimize the Allocation of Preschool Education Teacher Resources 1.4.6 Promote the Diversification of Post-service Training Methods for Teachers 1.4.7 Focus on Building a Contingent of Preschool Teachers 1.4.8 Establish a Comprehensive Management System for the Nurseries and Kindergartens 1.4.9 Strengthen Kindergarten Curriculum Construction 1.5 Conclusion References 2 Sustainable Development of Ethnic Education in China 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 The Purpose of Sustainable Development of National Education 2.1.2 Characteristics of Ethnic Education 2.1.3 The Traditional Culture of All Nationalities 2.2 Historical Development of Ethnic Education Policy 2.2.1 China Has Been a Unified Multi-ethnic Country Since Ancient Times 2.2.2 The Emerging Concept of Sustainable Education Development 2.3 Challenges and Problems in Practice 2.3.1 Separation of Teacher Education Practice from Basic Education in Minority Areas 2.3.2 Teachers in Minority Areas Lack Cultural Consciousness in Education 2.3.3 Highlighting Deep-Seated Contradictions in Ethnic Education 2.3.4 The Educational Approach of Marxist National View Is Single 2.4 Countermeasures and Suggestions 2.4.1 Strengthening the Link Between Teacher Education and Basic Education in Ethnic Minority Areas 2.4.2 Improving Teachers’ Cultural Consciousness of Education Curriculum in Ethnic Minority Areas 2.4.3 Strengthening the Development of Ethnic Education 2.4.4 Improve the Management System for Ethnic Education 2.4.5 Relevant Enrollment Policies Should Be Implemented 2.5 Conclusion References 3 Sustainable Development of Vocational Education in China 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Vocational Education Is an Important Part of China’s Education System and Plays an Important Role in Promoting China’s Economic Development 3.1.2 Vocational Education Is to Develop Production, Technology, Management, Service the First Line of the Applied Talents Education 3.2 Historical Development of Vocational Education in China 3.2.1 From “Hierarchy” to “Type”: Breaking the “Ceiling” of Vocational Education 3.2.2 Improve the System: The Level of Serving the National Economy and People’s Livelihood Is Improving Day by Day 3.2.3 The Needs of the Society to Maintain Adaptation 3.3 Challenges and Problems in Practice 3.3.1 The Vocational Education Enrollment and the Number of Students Declined Year After Year 3.3.2 The Quality of Vocational Education Students Decreased Year by Year 3.3.3 Conditions for Running Vocational Education Are Not Optimistic 3.3.4 The Funding of Vocational Education Is Insufficient 3.3.5 The Employment Rate of Vocational Education Graduates Tends to Decline 3.3.6 It Is Urgent to Improve the Teaching Quality and School-Running Efficiency of Vocational Schools 3.4 Countermeasures and Suggestions 3.4.1 Change the Development Mode and Realize the Sustainable Development of Vocational Education 3.4.2 Establish a Scientific Outlook on Development and Correctly Deal with the Relationship Between Various Factors in the Development of Vocational Education 3.4.3 Strengthen Vocational Quality Education and Improve the Quality Level of Vocational Talents 3.4.4 Replenishing the Vocational Education System at the Undergraduate Level and Above 3.5 Conclusion References 4 Sustainable Development of Higher Education in China 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 The Sustainable Development of Higher Education 4.1.2 Characteristics of the Sustainability of Educational Development 4.1.3 The Balance of Education Ecology 4.2 Historical Development of Higher Education in China 4.2.1 The Policy Change of Higher Education Opening to the Outside World 4.2.2 Three Dimensions—Digitalization, Modernization and Internationalization 4.3 Challenges and Problems in Practice 4.3.1 The Development of Knowledge Economy and Learning Society Will Make the Function and Function of Higher Education in China More Obvious and Prominent 4.3.2 The Content of Higher Education Should Meet the Needs of Sustainable Development 4.3.3 The Increase of Educational Funds Must Ensure the Sustainable Development of Higher Education 4.3.4 The Popularization of Higher Education Will Bring About Profound Changes in China’s Higher Education 4.3.5 Excessive Expansion of the Scale and Insufficient Educational Resources Affect the Quality of Education 4.3.6 The Quality of Teaching Management Personnel Restricts the Improvement of Management Level 4.3.7 The Evaluation System of Higher Education Quality Needs to Be Perfected 4.4 Suggestions and Countermeasures 4.4.1 Optimize Regional Allocation of Higher Education Resources 4.4.2 Formulate Clear Objectives for Personnel Training 4.4.3 Formulate Measures to Coordinate the Construction Scale with the Interests of Faculty and Staff 4.4.4 Improving the Quality of Teaching Management Personnel 4.4.5 Promote Classroom Teaching Reform and Strengthen Interdisciplinary Integration 4.4.6 Strengthen Education Quality Diagnosis and Establish Quality Evaluation System 4.4.7 Lack of Institutional Innovation Is the Bottleneck of China’s Higher Education Reform 4.5 Conclusion References 5 Sustainable Development of Basic Education in China 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 The Sustainable Development of Basic Education in China 5.1.2 Characteristics of the Sustainable Development of Basic Education in China 5.1.3 Historical Development of Basic Education Sustainable Development 5.2 Policy Changes of Basic Education Sustainable Development in China 5.2.1 The Development Stage of Basic Education 5.2.2 Changes in School-Age Population 5.3 Countermeasures 5.3.1 Implementing the Fundamental Task of Fostering Moral Integrity and Cultivating People and Applying Core Socialist Values Throughout Education and Teaching Work 5.3.2 Promote Balanced Development Among Counties, Districts and Schools, Solve the Problem of Unbalanced and Inadequate Development of Education, and Raise the Overall Level of Schools 5.3.3 Investment in Compulsory Education Must Mainly Be Made from Government Financial Appropriations: Separate Education Budgets and Firm Control of Extra-Budgetary Funds Are Two Important Guarantees for Increasing Government Investment in Basic Education 5.3.4 Investment in Education Should Be Tilted Toward Schools with Weak Foundations to Create Conditions for Eliminating the Phenomenon of High-Cost School Choice 5.3.5 Increasing Total Funding for Education 5.3.6 Giving Play to the Role of the Main Channel of State Financial Input 5.3.7 Strengthening the Reform of the Curriculum System References 6 The Sustainable Development of Lifelong Learning in China 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 The Concept of Lifelong Education 6.1.2 The Concept of Sustainable Development of Education 6.2 Historical Development 6.2.1 1920s to 1940s: The Birth of Lifelong Education 6.2.2 1950s to 1970s: The Modern Revival of Lifelong Education 6.2.3 1980s: The Construction of the Modern Lifelong Education System 6.3 Challenges in Lifelong Learning Practice 6.3.1 The Demand for Personal Quality Development Keeps Increasing 6.3.2 Identification of the Influence of Complicated Information 6.3.3 Urbanization Process and Demographic Changes 6.4 Problems in Lifelong Learning Practice 6.4.1 The Allocation and Quality of Resources Need to Be Improved 6.4.2 The System and Mechanism Are Not Perfect Enough 6.4.3 Lifelong Learning Is Faced with the Difficulty of Insufficient Motivation in Learning 6.4.4 Learning Initiative Depends on Respect for Personality 6.4.5 Insufficient Investment in Lifelong Education 6.4.6 The Institutional Problems Facing the Development of Out-of-School Education Have Long Been Unsolved 6.5 Suggestions 6.5.1 Strengthen the Publicity of Lifelong Education 6.5.2 Strengthen Theoretical Research on Lifelong Education 6.5.3 Establish and Improve the Guaranteed Mechanism for Lifelong Education 6.5.4 Revise and Supplement Existing Laws and Regulations 6.5.5 Establish a Reasonably Structured, Flexible and Open Education System 6.6 Summary References This book investigates the sustainable education policy development in China in the aspects of challenges and strategies. In this book, the conceptual model of the sustainable education policy development in China is divided into several parts, including the sustainable development of preschool education, the sustainable development of ethnic education, the sustainable development of vocational education, the sustainable development of higher education, and the sustainable development of lifelong learning. This book serves as a reference for scholars and researchers who are interested and work in research on China’s sustainable education policy development, administrators, and stakeholders in China's education system and graduate students who major or minor in the field of comparative and international education.