Sustainable Education and Development – Sustainable Industrialization and Innovation : Proceedings of the Applied Research Conference in Africa (ARCA), 2022

This book presents papers from the 11th Sustainable Education and Development Research Conference on the theme: "Build Resilient Infrastructure, Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization, and Foster Innovation." Papers related to the sub-themes were presented: i. Develop quality, reliable, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all. ii. Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry's share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in the least developed countries. iii. Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets. iv. By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities. v. Enhance scientific research and upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing productivity. SEDRC gathers papers that explain how key education on the Sustainable Development Goals is transforming lives, eradicating poverty, professing solutions to the infrastructural deficit in Africa, and providing innovative ways to provide affordable housing in Africa. This book will be of interest to academics, postgraduate students, and industry professionals. Preface Organisation Contents Contributory Factors to Emerging Contractor’s Non-compliance with Project Quality Requirements 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Emerging Contractors: South African Perspective 2.2 Quality Management Assessments 2.3 Challenges in Complying with Project Quality Requirements in the Construction Industry 2.4 Effects of Project Quality Non-conformance on Contractors 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Research Approach 3.2 Target Population and Sampling Method 3.3 Data Collection Instruments 3.4 Data Analysis 4 Findings 4.1 Reasons for Quality Requirements Non-conformance 4.2 Effects of Non-conformance of Quality Standards on Emerging Contractors 5 Discussion of the Findings 5.1 Reasons for Emerging Contractor’s Poor Quality 5.2 Repercussions of Not Complying with Quality Management 6 Conclusion and Recommendations References Examining Awareness and Usage of Renewable Energy Technologies in Non-electrified Farming Communities in the Eastern Region of Ghana 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Overview of Ghana’s Energy Context and Efforts in Achieving Universal Access to Affordable, Reliable and Modern Energy 2.2 Theoretical Framework 2.3 Empirical Studies 3 Methodology 3.1 Study Area, Population and Sampling 3.2 Research Design and Data Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Summary Statistics 4.2 Awareness of Renewable Energy Technologies 4.3 Usage of Renewable Energy Technologies 4.4 Determinants of Awareness of Renewable Energy Technologies 5 Conclusion, Policy Implications and Recommendation References Application of Situation Awareness Theory to the Development of an Assessment Framework for Indoor Environmental Quality in Classroom 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Situation Awareness 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Three-Level Model of Situation Awareness (SA) 3.3 Factors that Influence Situation Awareness 4 Development Process of an IEQ Assessment Framework for Basic Schools 5 Application of Situation Awareness in the Development of an Assessment Framework IEQ of Classrooms in Basic Schools 5.1 Theoretical Framework 6 Conclusion References Causes of Poor Workmanship in Low-Cost Housing Construction in South Africa 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 The Quality Concept in the Construction Industry 2.2 Poor Workmanship in the Construction Industry 3 Research Methodology 4 Findings 5 Discussions 6 Conclusions and Recommendations References Assessment of Refuse Shute Practices in Medium-Rise Buildings Within the Greater Accra Region, Ghana 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Result and Discussion 5 Discussions 6 Conclusion References A Review of Frameworks for the Energy Performance Certification of Buildings and Lessons for Ghana 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Findings and Discussion 4.1 EPC Framework Development 4.2 The Energy Performance Certification Process for Existing Buildings 4.3 Features of the Certificate 5 Conclusion 5.1 Summary 5.2 Lessons for Ghana References The Use of Building Information Modelling by Small to Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Case of Central South Africa 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 The Evolution of BIM Technology 2.2 The Adoption of BIM by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises 2.3 The Benefits of BIM Implementation 2.4 The Barriers of BIM Implementation 3 Research Aim 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Characteristics of the Respondents 5 Discussion of the Results 5.1 Awareness of BIM 5.2 Use of BIM 5.3 Benefits and Barriers of BIM 6 Conclusion and Recommendations References Effects of Property Rights for Low-Income Housing in South Africa 1 Introduction 2 Property Rights 3 Effects of Property Rights for Low-Income Housing in South Africa 3.1 Poverty Reduction 3.2 Tenure Security 3.3 Housing as an Asset 3.4 Negative Effects on Physical and Mental Health 3.5 Improved Investment 3.6 Increasing Neighbouring Property Values 4 Methodology 5 Research Findings 5.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents 5.2 Descriptive Analysis of the Effects of Property Rights on Low-Income Housing in South Africa 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion 8 Recommendations References Recyclability of Construction and Demolition Waste in Ghana: A Circular Economy Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Circular Economy 2.2 Recyclability 2.3 Attitude of Construction Professionals towards Recyclability of Construction Waste 2.4 Factors Influencing the use of Recycled Construction Materials 2.5 Technologies for Recycling Construction Waste 2.6 Challenges Confronting use of Recycled Construction Materials 3 Methodology 4 Analysis and Discussion of Results 4.1 Demography of Respondents 4.2 Attitude of Construction Professionals towards the Recyclability of Construction Waste 4.3 Challenges Confronting use of Recycled Construction Waste Materials 4.4 Factors Influencing the use of Recycled Construction Materials 5 Conclusion References Innovative Work Environment of an Informal Apparel Micro Enterprise with PDCA Cycle: An Action-Oriented Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 The Need for Sustainable Industrialisation and Innovation: Ghana’s Apparel Context 2.2 Work Environment and Ergonomics 2.3 Workplace Improvement 2.4 Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA) Cycle 2.5 Research Questions 3 Methodology 3.1 Study Design 3.2 Instrument and Procedure 3.3 Study Setting and Participant 4 Results 4.1 Plan- Part I (Identified Problems) 4.2 Plan- Part II (Suggestions for Improving Work Environment) 4.3 Do (Changes Made to Improve Work Environment) 4.4 Check (Evaluation of Business Operator’s Experience after Improvement in Work Environment) 4.5 Act (Standardisation of Outcome of Work Environment Improvement) 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion, Implications and Limitations References Industrialization and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Infrastructural Investment 1 Introduction 2 Review of Related Literature 2.1 Data Sources and Variables Measurement 2.2 Model Specification 3 Empirical Findings and Discussion 3.1 Test for Multicollinearity 3.2 Panel Unit Root Test 3.3 Descriptive Statistics 4 Estimation of the Panel Data 5 Conclusion and Recommendation References Greening the Circular Cities: Addressing the Challenges to Green Infrastructure Development in Africa 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Barriers to Green Infrastructure in Africa 5 Conclusion References Properties of Clay Deposits in Selected Places in Sekondi-Takoradi and Ahanta West, Ghana 1 Introduction 1.1 Formation of Clay 1.2 Primary Clay 1.3 Secondary or Sedimentary Clay 1.4 Physical Characteristics of Clay 2 Methodology 2.1 Material 2.2 Sample Preparation and Testing Procedure 2.3 Chemical Analysis 2.4 X-Ray Fluorescent Analysis 2.5 Physical Analysis and Test Procedure 2.6 Fire Testing 2.7 Other Physical Analysis 2.8 Manufacturing of Modulus of Rapture (M.O.R.) or Flexural Strength 3 Findings 4 Conclusion References Lumped – Capacitance Design for Transient Heat Loss Prediction in Oil and Gas Production Pipes in Various Media 1 Introduction 2 The Lumped Capacitance Theory 3 Methodology 3.1 Materials and Equipment 3.2 Experimental Setup and Procedure 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Legal Immigration to the United States: A Time Series Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Data 2.2 Model Specification 2.3 Model Specification 2.4 Model Fitting and Diagnostic 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Forecasting 3.2 Regression Model 4 Conclusion References Public Health Predictive Analysis of Chicago Community Areas: A Data Mining Approach 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Data 2.2 Multiple Linear Regression 2.3 Clustering 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 First Model Results 3.2 Second Model Results 3.3 First Model Results 4 Conclusion References Simulation-Based Exploration of Daylighting Strategies for a Public Basic School in a Hot-Dry Region of Ghana 1 Introduction 1.1 Daylight in Public Basic Schools in Ghana 2 Methodology 2.1 Field Measurements 2.2 Digital Modelling and Simulation 2.3 Subjective Survey 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Annual Sunlight Exposure 4 Conclusion References The Effect of Building Collapse in Ghanaian Building Industry: The Stakeholders’ Perspectives 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Stakeholders’ View on the Effect of a Building Collapse on the Building Industry in Ghana 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Estimation of the Most Sustainable Regional and Trans-border Infrastructure Among Road, Rail and Seaborne Transport 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Identification of the Determinant Factors for Sustainable Regional and Trans-border Infrastructure of Road, Rail and Seaborne Transport 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Best-Worst Method (BWM) 3.2 Data Collection 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Calculation of the Weights of Determinant Factors (DFs) Using BWM 4.2 Ranking of the Dimensions of the DFs for Sustainable Regional and Trans-border Infrastructure of Road, Rail and Seaborne Transport 4.3 Global Ranks of the DFs 4.4 Ranking of the DFs Within Each Dimension 4.5 Theoretical and Practical Implications 4.6 Managerial Implications 5 Conclusion References Innovation Performance and Efficiency of Research and Development Intensity as a Proportion of GDP: A Bibliometric Review 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Search Procedure 3.2 Screening Procedure 4 Bibliometric Analysis and Discussion 4.1 Co-authorship Analysis 4.2 Keyword Co-occurrence Analysis Based on Author Keywords 4.3 Bibliographic Coupling Analysis Based on Documents 4.4 Co-citation Analysis Based on Cited References 5 Conclusion 5.1 Summary 5.2 Directions for Future Research References Determinants of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Access to Financial Services in Ghana 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Identification of the Determinants of SMEs Access to Financial Services 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Best-Worst Method (BWM) 3.2 Data Collection 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Calculation of the Weights of Determinants Using BWM 4.2 Ranking of the Dimensions of the Determinants of SMEs Access to Financial Services 4.3 Global Ranks of the Determinants 4.4 Ranking of the Determinants Within Each Dimension 4.5 Theoretical and Practical Implications 4.6 Managerial Implications 5 Conclusion References The Effects of Electronic Taxes on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ Access to Financial Services 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Conceptual Framework and Hypothesis 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Model Specification and Description of Variables 3.2 Model Equation of the Study 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Econometric Analysis 5 Conclusion References An Assessment of Practices on Disposal of Solar E-Waste in Lusaka, Zambia 1 Introduction 2 Challenges Associated with E-Waste Management in Africa 3 E-Waste Handling and Disposal in Zambia 4 Existing Law on Waste Management in Zambia 5 Materials and Methods 6 Results 6.1 Practices on the Disposal of Solar E-Waste 6.2 Number of Repairs 6.3 Factors Influencing the Disposal of Solar E-Waste 7 Discussion of Results 7.1 Practices on Disposal of Solar E-Waste 7.2 Factors Influencing the Disposal of Solar E-Waste 7.3 Implications of the Findings 8 Conclusion References Lean Supply Chain Practices in the Zambian Construction Industry 1 The Construction Industry 2 Supply Chain 3 Nature of the Construction Supply Chain 3.1 Zambian Construction Supply Chain 4 Lean 4.1 Lean in Supply Chain 4.2 Lean Practices in Construction Supply Chain 5 Materials and Methods 6 Results 6.1 Lean Supply Chain Management Practices 6.2 Wastes Associated with Construction Supply Chain Management 6.3 Challenges in Construction Supply Chain Management 7 Discussion of Results 7.1 Lean Supply Chain Management Practices 7.2 Challenges of Supply Chain Management Practices 7.3 Implications of the Findings 8 Conclusion References The Performance Assessment of Zambia Railways Transport Service Quality 1 Introduction 2 Railways Transport 2.1 Zambia Railways Transport 2.2 Railway Transport Service Quality 3 Materials and Methods 4 Results 4.1 Extent of Railway Freight Transport Service Quality at ZRL 4.2 Reasons for Low Levels of Railway Freight Transport Service Quality at ZRL 4.3 Relationship Between Railway Freight Transport Service Quality and Profitability at Zambia Railways Limited 5 Discussion of Results 5.1 Railway Freight Transport Service Quality at ZRL 5.2 Relationship Between Railway Freight Transport Service Quality and Profitability at ZRL 5.3 Implications of the Findings 6 Conclusion References Effective Cost Management Practices for Enabling Sustainable Success Rate of Emerging Contractors in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 1 Introduction 2 Literation Review 2.1 Theories of Cost Management Practices 2.2 Business Sustainability 2.3 Emerging Contractors Cost Management 3 Functions of Cost Management Practices 3.1 Resource Planning 3.2 Cost Estimation 3.3 Budgeting 3.4 Monitoring and Controlling 3.5 Cost Reporting 3.6 Tracking Earned Value 4 Methodology 4.1 Research Approach 4.2 Population, Sampling and Response Rate 4.3 Data Collection 4.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation 5 Analysis and Discussion of Results 5.1 Profile of the Respondents 5.2 Emerging Contractors Effective Cost Management Practices 5.3 Factor Analysis 5.4 Discussion of Results 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 7 Limitations References Reflections on Real Options Valuation Approach to Sustainable Capital Budgeting Practice 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 The General Concept of Real Options Valuation – Value of Flexibility 2.2 The Real Options Approach Offers a Wide Scope for Innovative Business Applications 2.3 The Adoption Level of Real Options Reasoning In Capital Budgeting Practice 3 Methodology 3.1 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Respondents Profile 4.2 Descriptive Statistics 4.3 On Usage Level of Real Options Valuation Technique 4.4 Barriers to Using Real Options, Especially in Emerging Market Economies Like Oman 4.5 Need/benefits of Real Options Valuation Technique 4.6 Reliability Analysis 4.7 Findings from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) 5 Conclusion 5.1 Limitations and Scope for Future Advanced Capital Budgeting Research References A Reconstructionist Approach to Communalism and the Idea of Sustainable Development in Africa 1 Introduction 2 Theories of Development: Some Shortfalls 2.1 Radical Communalism 2.2 Moderate Communalism 2.3 Some Other Versions of Communalism/Communitarianism 3 Result and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Provision of Digital Library, a Catalyst for Scholastic Creativity Among Undergraduates in South-West, Nigeria 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussions of Findings 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of the Factors Influencing the Intention-To-Use Bim Among Construction Professionals in Abuja, Nigeria 1 Introduction 2 Theories Underpinning the Study 3 Research Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Discussion of Findings 6 Conclusion and Recommendation References Determinants of Farmers’ Satisfaction with Access to Irish Potato Farmer Co-operatives’ Services in Northern and Western Provinces, Rwanda 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical and Empirical Framework 2.1 Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory 2.2 Empirical Review and Hypothesis Development 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Design and Target Population 3.2 Sampsling Techniques and Sample Size 3.3 Instruments and Data Collection Techniques 3.4 Analysis and Model Specification 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics 4.2 Service Accessibility Level Among Farmers 4.3 Service Accessibility in Co-operatives Compared with Other Sources 4.4 Satisfaction Level Among Irish Potato Smallholder Farmers 4.5 Regression Results 4.6 Discussion of the Results 5 Conclusion and Recommendations Appendix References Determining Factors Influencing Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditures in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 2.2 The Process of Searching and Selecting the Studies 2.3 Data Extraction 2.4 Analysis Approach 2.5 Search Strategy 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Are They Really that Warm: A Thermal Assessment of Kiosks and Metal Containers in a Tropical Climate? 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Selection of Study Structures 3.2 Physical Measurements 3.3 Comfort Survey 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Environmental Factors of Thermal Comfort 4.2 Participants’ State of Health During PIT Survey 4.3 Comfort Perception of Occupants 5 Conclusion References Fashion Transformational Synthesis Model for Beauty Pageants in Ghana 1 Introduction 1.1 The Fashion Concept Theory 2 Methodology 3 Findings and Discussion 3.1 A Transformational Fashion Concept Synthesis Model for Beauty Pageants in Ghana 4 Conclusion References Design Creativity and Clothing Selection: The Central Focus in Clothing Construction 1 Introduction 2 Theories Underpinning the Study 2.1 Colour Influence in Clothing 2.2 Colour Combination in Clothing 2.3 Proportion as an Influential Factor 2.4 Texture as an Influential Factor 3 Methodology 4 Findings and Discussion 4.1 Balance Used in Clothing Definition 4.2 Rhythm in Clothing Design 4.3 Emphasis in Clothing Design 4.4 Emphasis as a Feature in Clothing Selection 4.5 Key Factor in Clothing Selection 4.6 Cutting/Sewing Details and Clothing Selections 4.7 Defects 4.8 Assembling 5 Conclusion References Assessment of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies in Building Project Delivery Process 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Profile of the Respondents 5 Conclusion References Prior Knowledge of Sustainability Among Freshmen Students of University of Professional Studies 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results 3.1 Respondent Characteristics 3.2 Student Prior Knowledge 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Recommendations References Conceptual Framework on Proactive Conflict Management in Smart Education 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Research Questions 2.2 Databases and Search String 2.3 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 2.4 Search and Selection 3 Conflict Management in Smart Education 3.1 Smart Education 3.2 Conflict in Smart Education 3.3 Conflict Management Model in Smart Education 4 Resolving Conflict Proactively in Smart Education 4.1 Goal-Based Conflict Resolution 4.2 Resource-Based Conflict Resolution 4.3 Policy-Based Conflict Resolution 4.4 Authorization-Based Conflict Resolution 4.5 Automatic Conflict Resolution 5 Model for Automatic Smart Conflict Management in Smart Education 6 Conclusion References A Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Model for Predicting the Popularity of Local Musicians 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Problem Statement 4 Methodology 5 Result And Discussion 6 Conclusion References Novel Cost-Effective Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanostructures by The Influence of pH in the Wet Chemical Synthesis 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials 2.2 Characterization of the Synthesised Nanoparticles 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References The Synergestic Effect of Multiple Reducing Agents on the Synthesis of Industrially Viable Mono-dispersed Silver Nanoparticles 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials 2.2 Synthesis 2.3 Results and Discussion 3 Conclusion References Perormance and Nutrient Values of Clarias Gariepinus Fed with Powdered Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) and Tetracycline as Additives 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Impact of Age Distribution and Health Insurance Towards Sustainable Industrialization 1 Introduction 2 Theories Underpinning the Study 3 Methodology 4 Findings 5 Discussions 6 Conclusion References Determination of Overall Coefficient of Heat Transfer of Building Wall Envelopes 1 Introduction 2 Method and Materials 2.1 Theoretical Considerations 2.2 Data Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Concrete Walls with External Cladding, Internal Cladding, External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.3 Concrete Walls with External Cladding, External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.4 Concrete Walls with, Internal Cladding, External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.5 Concrete Walls with External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.6 Brick Walls with External Cladding, Internal Cladding, External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.7 Brick Walls with External Cladding, External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.8 Brick Walls with Internal Cladding, External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.9 Brick Walls with External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.10 Sandcrete Walls with External Cladding, Internal Cladding, External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.11 Sandcrete Walls with External Cladding, External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.12 Sandcrete Walls with Internal Cladding, External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.13 Sandcrete Walls with External Plaster and Internal Plaster 3.14 Assumptions 4 Conclusion References Post-harvest Losses of Coconut in Abura/asebu/kwamankese District, Central Region, Ghana 1 Introduction 2 Method and Materials 2.1 Target Population 2.2 Data Source and Collection 2.3 Sampling Design 2.4 Sample Size 2.5 Data Processing and Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Demographics of Respondents 3.2 Harvesting Information 3.3 Transport and Handling Information 3.4 De-husking Information 3.5 Storage Information 3.6 Processing Information 4 Conclusion 5 Recommendations References Hazard Assessment and Resilience for Heavy Metals and Microbial Contaminated Drinking Water in Akungba Metropolis, Nigeria 1 Introduction 1.1 Materials and Method 1.2 Results and Discussion 1.3 Conclusion References Usage Behaviour of Electronic Information Resources Among Academicians’ in Tertiary Institutions of Tanzania 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Problem 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Sampling Size 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Demographic Characteristics on Usage of EIR 3 Results and Discussion of the Study Findings 3.1 Demographic Information 3.2 IR Awareness, Competences and Usage Among Academicians in Surveyed the Institution 3.3 Barriers Affecting the Effective Utilization of EIR 4 Conclusion and Implications of the Study Findings 4.1 Conclusion 5 Implications of the Findings 6 Area of Further Study References Factors for Information Seeking and Sharing During Accomplishig Collaborative Activities in Vocational Schools 1 Introduction 2 Factors Promoting CISB Among Students 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Design 3.2 Findings and Discussion of the Study 4 Conclusion References Expenditure on Education, Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Tanzania 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Unit Root and Correlation Test 2.2 Johansen Cointegration 2.3 Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) 2.4 Stability Conditions and Diagnostic test 3 Findings and Discussion 3.1 Unit root and correlation test 3.2 Vector autoregressive model (VAR) 3.3 VAR Stability Conditions and Residual Diagnostic 4 Conclusion and policy implications Appendix 1: VAR Result References Mitigating the Challenges of Academic Information Systems Implementation in Higher Education Institutions in Tanzania for Their Continuous Development 1 Introduction 1.1 Literature Review 2 Methodology 3 Findings and Discussion 3.1 THEME 1: Poor System Functionalities 3.2 THEME 2: Poor User Support 3.3 THEME 3: Lack of Enough Training 3.4 THEME 4: Lack of Experts on AIS 3.5 THEME 5: Poor Systems Security 4 Conclusion References Examining the Challenges of Price Quotation as a Procurement Method in Tertiary Institutions in Ghana 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Public Procurement and Procurement Process 2.2 Concept of Price Quotation 2.3 General Challenges of Procurement 3 Methodology 3.1 Survey Administration 3.2 Test for Reliability and Validity 3.3 Data Analysis 4 Analysis and Results 4.1 Descriptive Analysis of Respondents’ Demographic Profile 4.2 Understanding the Challenges of Price Quotation Used in Government Tertiary Institutions in Ghana 5 Discussion of Findings 6 Conclusions and Recommendations References Theoretical Review of Migration Theory of Consumer Switching Behaviour 1 Introduction 2 Consumer Switching Behaviour Theories 2.1 Development of Push-Pull-Mooring Theory in Human Migration 2.2 Explaining CSB with Push-Pull-Mooring Theory (PPM) 2.3 Main Theoretical Gap and Its Significance 2.4 Proposed Research Model: Push-Pull-Drag-Deter-Mooring Theory (PPDDM) 3 Key Relationships/hypotheses in the Proposed PPDDM Theory of CSB 3.1 Objectives of the Study 3.2 Proposed Methodology and Analysis 4 Theoretical and Managerial Implications of the Study References Tertiary Students’ Accommodation Affordability in Ghana 1 Introduction 2 Students‘ Accommodation and Affordability 3 Research Methodology 4 Findings and Discussion 4.1 The institution type and perception of the accommodation rental value. 4.2 Residential Type and perception of the Accommodation Rental Value 5 Conclusion and Recommendation References Disease Pandemics in Africa and Food Security: An Introduction 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Findings and Discussion 3.1 The Spanish Influenza Pandemic 3.2 The HIV/AIDS Pandemic 3.3 The Covid-19 Pandemic 4 Conclusion References An Image-Based Cocoa Diseases Classification Based on an Improved Vgg19 Model 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 VGG19 and Its Implementations 3 Methodology and Experimental Setup 3.1 Transfer Learning 3.2 VGG19 Model Fine-Tuning 3.3 Proposed Model Architecture 3.4 Model Performance Evaluation 3.5 Data Description and Preparation 4 Experimental Evaluation and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Impact of Promotional Strategies on Sustainable Business Growth in a Selected Wine Processing Companies in Dodoma City, Tanzania 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literatures 2.1 Theoretical Framework Review 3 Methods 3.1 Location 3.2 Survey Design and Sampling Procedures 3.3 Data Collection and Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Socio-economic Features of Respondents 4.2 The Impact of Sales Techniques on the Business Growth of Wine Makers 5 Recommendation, Conclusion and Policy Implications References The Role of Land Demarcation in Addressing Conflicts Management Between Farmers and Pastoralists for Sustainable Agriculture in Kiteto District, Tanzania 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Review 3 Research Methods 3.1 Location of the Study 3.2 Study Design and Sampling Method 3.3 Data Analysis 4 Findings and Discussion 4.1 Descriptive Findings 4.2 Roles of Demarcation of Land on Resolving Conflicts the Two Groups in the Study Area 5 Conclusions and Policy Implications References Users’ Satisfaction of Autorickshaw Transport Operations Towards Sustainable Intra-city Mobility, Cape Coast, Ghana 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Demographic and Commuter Characteristics 3.2 Commuter Patronage Behavior 4 Conclusion References Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Studies of Solvent Extracts of Crinum pedunculatum Bulbs R.Br 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Plant Material Extraction 2.2 Experimental Animals 2.3 Acute Oral Toxicity Studies 2.4 Subacute Toxicity Studies 2.5 Haematological and Biochemical Evaluation 2.6 Histopathological Evaluation 2.7 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Acute Toxicity Studies 3.2 Body Weight 3.3 Haematology and Serum Parameters 3.4 Sub-acute Toxicity Studies 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Effectiveness of E-Filing System on Improving Tax Collection in Tanzania: A Case of Ilala Tax Region 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Research Questions 2 Literature Review 2.1 Theoretical Literature Review 2.2 Empirical Literature Review 3 Research Methods and Tools 3.1 Study Area 3.2 Research Design and Approach 3.3 Study Population, Selection of Sample, Sample Size and Key Informants 3.4 Types of Data and Collection Methods 3.5 Data Analysis Plan 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Demographic Features of Surveyed Respondents 4.2 E-filling System on Enhancement of Convenience in Tax Collection 4.3 Trend of Tax Filling for VAT Returns Before and After e-filling 4.4 Trend Tax and Duties Collection Before and After e-filling 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Practical Contribution 5.3 Policy Implications 5.4 Recommendations 5.5 Limitation of the Study and Suggestions for Further Studies References Assessing the Impact of Internal Control on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Tanzania 1 Introduction 1.1 Background Information 1.2 Statement of the Problem 2 Literature Review 2.1 Theoretical Literature Review 2.2 Empirical Literature Review 2.3 Financial Performance 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Area of the Study 3.2 Research design and Approach 3.3 Population, Sample and Sampling Procedure 3.4 Data Analysis Plan 3.5 Reliability 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Demographic Features of Surveyed Respondents 4.2 Descriptive Results 4.3 Regression Results 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Practical Implications 5.3 Knowledge Contribution 5.4 Recommendations 5.5 Limitations and Suggestion for Further Studies References Factors Affecting Tanzanian Small and Medium Enterprises Performance in the East African Community Market: A Case of Dar es Salaam Region 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Objective of the Study 1.4 Research Questions 2 Literature Review 2.1 Theoretical Literature Review 2.2 Empirical Literature Review 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Description of the Study Area 3.2 Research Design and Approach 3.3 Target Population 3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques 3.5 Methods of Data Collection 3.6 Reliability 3.7 Data Analysis Procedures 3.8 Ethical Considerations of the Study 4 Findings and Discussion 4.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents 4.2 Effects of Access to Finance on Performance of Tanzanian SMEs in EAC Market 4.3 Legal, Regulatory Framework and Tanzanian SMEs’ Performance in EAC Market 4.4 Effect of Cultural Values on the Performance of Tanzanian SMEs in EAC Market 4.5 E