Sustainable Development of Water and Environment: Proceedings of the ICSDWE2021 (Environmental Science and Engineering)

This book addresses the improvement and dissemination of knowledge on methods, policies and technologies for increasing the sustainability of development by de-coupling growth from natural resources and replacing them with knowledge-based economy, taking into account its economic, environmental and social pillars, as well as methods for assessing and measuring sustainability of development, regarding water and environment. This book gathers scholar and experts in related fields. All attendees from a vast range of companies, universities and government institutions acquire advanced technical knowledge and are introduced to new fields through discussions that focus on their own specialties as well as a variety of interdisciplinary areas. The authors hope most of scholars can find what they really need in this book. Preface Contents 1 Solar Thermal Energy Production in DSF Applied in the Human Comfort Improvements 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Numerical Methodology 1.3 Results and Discussion 1.3.1 Energy Production in the DSF System 1.3.2 Air Velocity 1.3.3 Air Temperature 1.3.4 Draught Risk 1.3.5 Air Distribution Index 1.4 Conclusion References 2 Hydraulics Geometry Analysis of UPNM Channel 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Study Area 2.3 Methodology 2.3.1 Collecting Water Sample 2.3.2 Measurement of Hydraulic Geometry 2.3.3 Suspended Sediment Concentration 2.4 Results and Analysis 2.4.1 Relationship Between Hydraulic Geometry and Discharge 2.4.2 Relationship Between Hydraulic Geometry and Sediment Concentration 2.4.3 Suspended Sediment 2.5 Conclusion References 3 Productivity Enhancement of Solar Still Distillation System Using Immersion-Type Water Heater 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Experimental Set-Up and Data Collection 3.2.1 Experimental Set Up 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.3.1 Evaluation of AC Power 3.3.2 Temperature of Water and Inner Glass Cover for SSA and SSB 3.3.3 Distilled Water Productivity of SSA and SSB with Temperature 3.3.4 Experimental and Numerical Distilled Water Productivity for SSA and SSB 3.3.5 Analysis of Error Between the Hourly Distilled Water Productivity of Numerical and Experimental for SSA and SSB 3.4 Conclusions References 4 Stability Analysis of a Man-Made Slope: A Case Study on the UPNM Campus, Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Description of the Study Area 4.2 Methodology 4.2.1 Ordinary Method of Slices 4.2.2 SlopeW Simulation Software 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.4 Conclusion References 5 Comparison of the Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Designs Consisting of Modified Bardenpho Process with and Without Membrane Bioreactor for Nutrient Removal: Cost Analysis 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Materials and Methods 5.2.1 The Characteristics of Influent Wastewater 5.2.2 Description of WWTP Consisting of Modified Bardenpho Process 5.2.3 Description of WWTP Consisting of Modified Bardenpho Process with MBR 5.2.4 Cost Analysis Procedure 5.2.5 Produced/Suggested Designs 5.2.6 Effluents Quality of the WWTPs 5.2.7 Sensitivity Analysis 5.3 Results and Discussion 5.3.1 Costs Comparison of the WWTP Configurations for the Average Influent Flow of 4 MGD 5.3.2 Effect of the Influent Flow Rate on Costs 5.4 Conclusion References 6 Analysis of the Influence of Wax Precipitation and Paraffin Control Technology on Environmental Protection 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Wax Precipitation Mechanism of Crude Oil 6.2.1 Composition of Wax Deposits 6.2.2 Waxing Process in Oil Wells 6.3 Crude Oil Wax Precipitation Point Test Method 6.3.1 Introduction to Conventional Methods 6.3.2 Comparison of Test Conditions 6.3.3 Introduction to Unconventional Methods 6.4 Crude Wax Removal and Wax Prevention 6.4.1 General Rules of Wax Deposition in Oil Wells 6.4.2 Wax-Proof Lined Tubing 6.4.3 Cable Wax Prevention 6.4.4 Ultrasonic Compound Wax-Proof Technology 6.4.5 Chemical Wax Prevention Technology 6.4.6 Acoustic Viscosity Reduction and Wax Prevention Technology 6.5 Conclusions References 7 Impact of Abandoned Oil Well on Ecological Environment and Analysis of Geothermal Exploitation 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Ecological and Environmental Problems in Abandoned Oil Well Area 7.2.1 Effects of Abandoned Wells on Surrounding Ecological Environment and Plants 7.2.2 Surface Water Pollution and Soil Pollution Occurred in the Abandoned Oil Well Area 7.3 Feasibility Analysis of Geothermal Energy Development in Abandoned Oil Wells 7.4 Technology of Wasting Well Reconstruction and Application of Geothermal Energy 7.4.1 Selection of Abandoned Wells 7.4.2 Retrofit of Abandoned Well and Way of Heating Extraction 7.4.3 Application of Thermal Energy from Abandoned Wells 7.5 Conclusions References 8 Numerical Evaluation of the Temperature Distribution in a Tree Trunk in a Forest Fire Environment 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Numerical Model 8.3 Numerical Methodology 8.4 Results and Discussion 8.5 Conclusion References 9 Analysis of Soluble Organic Polar Fractions from Sea Salt by GC–MS 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Samples and Methods 9.3 Results and Discussion 9.4 Conclusions References 10 Microplastics in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants: Dynamic Distribution, Seasonal Variation, and Removal Efficiencies 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Materials and Methods 10.2.1 Study Area and Sample Collection 10.2.2 Sample Processing 10.2.3 Sample Characterization 10.2.4 Statistical Analysis 10.3 Results and Discussion 10.3.1 Method Validation and Efficiency 10.3.2 Microplastic Abundance 10.3.3 Microplastic Characteristic Distribution 10.3.4 Effect of Seasonal Variation on MP Abundance and Characterization 10.4 Conclusion References 11 Spatial–Temporal Variation Analysis on Ecosystem Service Values in a Typical Inland River Basin, Northwest China 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Materials and Methods 11.2.1 Study Area 11.2.2 Data Sources 11.2.3 Ecosystem Service Assessment Model 11.2.4 Hot Spot Analysis 11.3 Results 11.3.1 Land Use Change from 2000 to 2018 in UMHRB 11.3.2 Spatial–Temporal Variation of ESV in UMHRB 11.4 Conclusions References 12 Transportation of Chromium(VI) from Hydrochloric Acid Medium via a Dispersion Supported Liquid Membrane Using N235 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Experimental 12.2.1 Reagents 12.2.2 Instruments 12.2.3 Experimental Procedure 12.2.4 Transport Equations 12.3 Results and Discussion 12.3.1 Effect of PVDF Membrane Before and After Loading on Cr(VI) Permeation 12.3.2 Effect of Stirring Rate on Cr(VI) Permeation 12.3.3 Effect of Initial Concentration of Metal Ions on Cr(VI) Permeation 12.3.4 Effect of N235 Concentration on Cr(VI) Permeation 12.3.5 Effect of NaOH Concentration on Cr(VI) Permeation 12.3.6 The Effect of the Volume Ratio of Liquid Membrane Solution to NaOH on Cr(VI) Permeation 12.4 Conclusion References 13 Effects of Important Factors on Determination of Metals in Soil Samples Using Hand-Held X-ray Fluorescence 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Method and Material 13.3 Results and Discussion 13.3.1 Effect of Different Mesh on Determination of Metal Content 13.3.2 Analysis of Metal Concents in Soil Samples 13.4 Conclusions References 14 Collaboration Mapping in Sustainable Development: A Case Study from Haze in Chiang Mai 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Material and Methodology 14.3 Stakeholders Analysis 14.3.1 Stakeholder Identification 14.3.2 Stakeholder Power Analysis 14.3.3 Stakeholder Deliberative Dialogue 14.4 Discussion 14.4.1 Sustainable City is the Space for Interaction and Collaboration 14.5 Conclusion References 15 Greywater Treatment in Continuous Flow Solar Photocatalytic Reactor Using Graphite Supported Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Materials and Methods 15.2.1 Greywater 15.2.2 Materials 15.2.3 Synthesis of Graphite-Coated N-Doped Catalyst 15.2.4 2.4. Solar Photocatalytic Activity 15.2.5 Analytical Methods 15.3 Results and Discussion 15.3.1 Characterization 15.3.2 Photocatalytic Activity of Continuous Solar Photocatalytic Reactor 15.4 Conclusions References 16 Effect of Current and Electrodes Area to Color Removal Efficiency and Energy Consumption by Electrocoagulation Process 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Experimental 16.2.1 Materials and Methods 16.2.2 Experimental Procedures 16.3 Analytical Method 16.4 Result and Discussion 16.4.1 Effect of Current 16.4.2 Effect of Electrode Surface Areas 16.4.3 Effect of Current Density and Electrode Area When Current/Electrode Area Constant (CA) 16.4.4 Electrical Energy Consumption 16.5 Conclusion References 17 Accessing the Sustainable Developments Principle of Protection of the Mekong River’s Water Resources 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Material and Methodology 17.2.1 The Construction of Hydroelectric Dams in the Mekong River 17.2.2 A Decline in Water Resources of the Mekong River in the Basin Part of Vietnam 17.3 Discussion on the Legal Framework of Protection Mekong’s Water Resource 17.4 Recommendation and Conclusion References 18 Key Technology and Economic Analysis of Using Fujiang River Water as the Cooling and Heating Sources for Air Conditioning System 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Materials and Methods 18.2.1 Current Hydrological Situation for Water in the Downstream of Fujiang River 18.2.2 Current Situation for the Application of Air Conditioning System in a Building Community in Downstream of Fujiang River 18.2.3 Research Methods 18.3 Results 18.3.1 Analysis on Suitability of Using Water in Downstream of Fujiang River as the Cooling and Heating Resources of the Air Conditioning System 18.3.2 Key Technology Analysis on Utilizing Water in Downstream of Fujiang River as the Cooling and Heating Sources of the Air Conditioning System 18.3.3 Economic Analysis 18.4 Conclusions References 19 Highly Effective Magnetic Silica-Chitosan Hybrid for Sulfate Ion Adsorption 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Methods 19.2.1 Materials 19.2.2 Preparation of Magnetic Particles 19.2.3 Synthesis of Magnetic Silica-Chitosan Hybrids (MP@SiO2/CPTMS/Chi) 19.2.4 Adsorption Experiment 19.3 Result and Discussion 19.3.1 Adsorption Experiments 19.4 Conclusions References 20 Statistical Analysis of Water and Sediment Research in Heilongjiang River Basin 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Data Sources 20.3 Results Analysis 20.3.1 Variation in the Number of Publications 20.3.2 Statistics of Countries 20.3.3 Statistics of Research Institutes 20.3.4 Statistics of Subject Categories 20.3.5 Statistics of Subject Categories Research Hotspot Analysis 20.3.6 Analysis of Author Collaborations 20.3.7 Analysis of Article Citations 20.4 Conclusions References 21 Empowering Citizens’ Resilience—The FLOODLABEL 21.1 Introduction 21.2 The FLOODLABEL 21.3 FLOODLABEL International 21.3.1 Transfer to Other Countries 21.3.2 Adaptation to Unforeseen Conditions 21.4 FLOODLABEL in Ghana 21.5 FLOODLABEL in Iran 21.6 Outlook References 22 Sustainable Environmental Planning of a Tourist Destination Bulgaria—State and Trends 22.1 Introduction 22.2 State of the Problem and Literature Review 22.3 Research and Results 22.3.1 Retrospective Analysis of the Territory Uses in Bulgaria 22.3.2 The Tourist Experience 22.3.3 Trends in Tourist Environmental Planning 22.4 Conclusion References 23 Analytical Approach for Sustainable Multi-Objective Management of Sediment-Algae Dynamics 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Mathematical Model 23.2.1 Sediment Storage Dynamics 23.2.2 Algae Growth Dynamics 23.2.3 Optimization Problem 23.3 Sustainability Analysis 23.3.1 Policy Without the Inequality Constraint 23.3.2 Optimal Policy and Its Sustainability 23.3.3 Sustainability Analysis 23.4 Conclusion References 24 From Convergent to Ecological Transition—Challenges for the Management and Regional Development of Bulgaria 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Convergent Basis of Ecological Development of the Society and the Economy 24.3 Regional Approach to the Ecological Transition 24.3.1 Ecological Perspective of Regional Development 24.3.2 Theoretical Formulation of the Research 24.3.3 Empirical Formulation of the Study 24.4 Conclusion References 25 Comparison Methods of Carbon Oil Sorbents Hardening 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Methods 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion References 26 Integration of Experimental and Numerical Methods to Investigate the Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Materials and Methods 26.2.1 Stock Solution and Coagulant 26.2.2 Coagulation and UF Procedure 26.2.3 Modified Version of the 2D DLA Model 26.3 Results and Discussion 26.3.1 Effect of MSA on Virtual Floc 26.3.2 Effect of Flocculation Time on Membrane Flux 26.3.3 Effect of Different Flocculation Times on Reversibility of Membrane Fouling 26.3.4 Effect of MSR on Virtual Flocs 26.3.5 Effect of Regrowth Time on Membrane Filtration 26.3.6 Effect of Regrowth Time on the Reversibility of Membrane Fouling 26.4 Conclusion References 27 Using Electrodialysis to Recycle Chemical Polishing Agent from Anodizing Industry 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Materials and Methods 27.2.1 Chemicals and Equipment 27.2.2 Electrodialysis System 27.2.3 Electrodialysis Test of Polishing Agent Wastewater 27.3 Results and Discussion 27.3.1 Variation of pH and Conductivity 27.3.2 Variation of Aluminum Ions Concentration 27.3.3 Electricity Consumption of Electrodialysis 27.4 Conclusion References 28 Methodological Aspects of Strategic Regional Planning for Achieving Sustainable Development in Bulgaria 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Harmonization of the Legal Framework and Institutionalization of the Sustainable Development Concept 28.3 The European Consensus on Sustainable Development and Regional Development Policy in Bulgaria 28.4 Integration of Global Goals for Sustainable Development in the Process of Strategic Regional Planning 28.5 Conclusion References 29 Study on the Model of Construction Safety Risk Evaluation Coupling Multiple Factors in Navigable Waters 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Safety Risk Index System 29.3 Comprehensive Safety Risk Evaluation Model for Construction in Navigable Waters 29.3.1 The Safety Risk Index System 29.3.2 The Weight Set of Index 29.3.3 The Set of Risk Assessment Grade and the Quantitative Standard of Risk Classification 29.3.4 Comprehensive Multifactor Construction Safety Risk Evaluation Model 29.4 Engineering Applications 29.5 Conclusions References 30 Distribution Characteristics of Plastic Particles in Coastal and Beach of Hsinchu, Taiwan 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Experimental Methods 30.2.1 Sampling Sites 30.2.2 The Thermal Contact Meth 30.3 Results and Discussions 30.3.1 Analysis Results 30.3.2 Cause Analysis 30.4 Summary References