Sustainable development of water and environment : proceedings of the ICSDWE 2022

This book of ICSDWE2022 aims to advance the understanding of both the fundamentals of related fields in sustainable development of water and environment and its application to the solution of challenges and problems in engineering. The committee of ICSDWE2022 gathers scholars and experts in related fields both at home and abroad. Under the guidance of the committee, we are confident to the publication of high-quality papers on all aspects of water and environment. The book features graduate-level texts and professional books in related fields. We hope that most scholars, researchers, and engineers can find what they really need in our book. Preface of ICSDWE2022 Contents 1 Salinity Intrusion in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, a Threat: Possible Causes, Effects on People’s Life and Production, and Temporary Solutions and Adaptable Strategies 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Causes of Saline Intrusion in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta 1.3 Effects of Saline Intrusion on People’s Life and Production 1.4 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies 1.5 Conclusions References 2 Improved Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm for Joint Optimal Operation of Cascade Hydropower Stations 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Optimization Model for Cascade Hydropower Stations 2.2.1 Objective Function 2.2.2 Constraints 2.3 Improved Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm 2.3.1 Overview of Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm (SFS) 2.3.2 Improved Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm (ISFS) 2.4 Numerical Experiments to Verify the ISFS Performance in Benchmark Functions 2.4.1 Benchmark Functions 2.4.2 Experimental Results 2.5 ISFS for Solving Multiple Hydropower Stations Operation Optimization Problem 2.5.1 Study Area 2.5.2 Coding Strategy 2.5.3 Result and Discussion 2.6 Conclusions References 3 Regional Hydrological Model with Global Climate Change of Mean Annual Flows of the Santa River Basin, Applying the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov Equation 3.1 Introductions and Antecedents 3.2 Methodology 3.2.1 ARIMA Model 3.2.2 Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov Equation 3.2.3 Application of the Quasi-Stationary Fokker–Planck- Kolmogorov Equation to Determine the Variation of the Flow Rate Due to Climate Change 3.2.4 Study Watershed 3.3 Results 3.4 Conclusions References 4 Numerical Modeling of Tsunami in the City of Chorrillos, Lima—Peru 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Description of the Study Area 4.1.2 Objective 4.2 Methodology 4.3 Data Used 4.3.1 Seismic Data 4.3.2 Bathymetric Data 4.3.3 Topographic Data 4.3.4 Cadastral Data 4.4 Numerical Modeling 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Maximum Inundation Area 4.5.2 Maximum Flood Heights. 4.5.3 Maximum Water Flow Velocities 4.5.4 Sea Variation Due to the Tsunami 4.6 Conclusions References 5 Evaluation and Correction of Rainfall Forecast by WRF Model in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Data and Methods 5.2.1 Research Area and Dataset 5.2.2 The WRF Model 5.2.3 The AR Model 5.2.4 Performance Evaluation 5.3 Results 5.4 Conclusions References 6 Research and Application of Spatio-temporal Data Model of Water Supply Network Inspection System 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Space–Time Data Model of the WSNI Based on Object-Oriented Method 6.2.1 Proposed Conceptual Model 6.2.2 Visual Definition of Elements of the WSNI 6.2.3 Characteristics and Relationship of Spatio-temporal Elements of the WSNI 6.2.4 Spatio-temporal Data Model of the WSNI 6.3 Application of Spatio-temporal Data Model in the WSNI 6.3.1 Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Forecasting Analysis of the WSNI 6.3.2 Spatial–Temporal Analysis of the Water Supply Network Accident Area 6.3.3 Spatio-temporal Analysis of Monitoring Data 6.4 Conclusion References 7 Rapid Development of Online Hydraulic Model Calculation System Based on EPANET Source Code and ArcObjects 7.1 Introduction 7.2 System Architecture Introduction 7.3 Online Hydraulic Model System Establishment 7.3.1 Engineering Background 7.3.2 EPANET Data and Geodatabase Pipe Network Model Establishment 7.3.3 EPANET Calculation Engine Call 7.3.4 ArcSDE Manages Geodatabase 7.3.5 Release of Hydraulic Model System 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Sprinkler Irrigation Atomization in Relation to Water Surface Tension: A New Laboratory Technique to Investigate Pesticides and Fertilizers Effect on Irrigation Drop Size 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Materials and Method 8.3 Results and Discussions 8.3.1 Analyzing the Effect of Solutes Concentration on Droplets Size 8.3.2 Investigation of the Effect of Solutes on the Dynamic Surface Tension 8.3.3 Investigation of the Effect of Flow Rates on Droplets Size 8.4 Conclusions References 9 A Volterra Process Model for River Water Temperature 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Volterra Process Model 9.2.1 Formulation 9.2.2 Fitting Procedure 9.3 Application 9.3.1 Study Site and Model Fitting 9.3.2 Statistical Evaluation of Long-Run River Water Temperature 9.4 Conclusions References 10 Solubilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Conventional and Gemini Surfactant Solutions 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Materials and Methods 10.2.1 Materials 10.2.2 Solubilization Experiments 10.2.3 Analytical Methods 10.2.4 Data Calculation 10.3 Results and Discussion 10.3.1 Solubilization of Single Compounds 10.3.2 Solubilization of PAH Mixtures 10.3.3 Thermodynamic of Solubilization 10.4 Conclusions References 11 A Sustainable Strategy for Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment via Anaerobic Co-Digestion 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Materials and Methods 11.2.1 Synthetic Wastewater 11.2.2 Inoculum Sludge 11.2.3 Co-Digestion Experimental Setup 11.2.4 Analysis Methods 11.3 Results and Discussion 11.3.1 Effect of PCW: DWW Ratios on COD Removal 11.3.2 Effect of PCW: DWW Ratios on Methane Production 11.3.3 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Associated with PCW Anaerobic Treatment and CH4 Production 11.4 Conclusion References 12 Coagulation/Flocculation Treatment of Carwash Wastewater Using Natural-Based Material: A Sustainable Development Approach 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Materials and Methods 12.2.1 Preparation of Natural-Based Coagulant 12.2.2 Preparation of Synthetic Carwash Effluent 12.2.3 Coagulation-Flocculation (Jar Test) Experiment 12.2.4 Design of Experiment 12.2.5 Statistical Analysis 12.3 Results and Discussion 12.3.1 Regression Model Development and Optimization of C/F Process 12.3.2 Effect of Process Parameters 12.3.3 SDGs Associated with Carwash Wastewater Treatment 12.4 Conclusion References 13 Phytoremediation of Textile Wastewater Using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes): A Sustainable Development Approach 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Materials and Methods 13.2.1 Water Hyacinth Preparation 13.2.2 Textile Wastewater Preparation 13.2.3 Experimental Setup 13.2.4 Analytical Analysis 13.2.5 Statistical Analysis 13.3 Results and Discussion 13.3.1 Effect of Time and Textile Fraction on COD Removal 13.3.2 Effect of Time and Textile Fraction on NH3-N Removal 13.3.3 Effect of Time and Textile Fraction on Color Removal 13.3.4 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Linked to Textile Wastewater Phytoremediation 13.4 Conclusions References 14 Synthesis of Carbonized Bagasse and Orange Peel Wastes as Adsorbents for Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution: A Sustainable Approach 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Methodology 14.2.1 Adsorbent Preparation 14.2.2 Methylene Blue (MB) Solution Preparation 14.2.3 Experimental Design for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye onto OP:BBC Biosorbent 14.3 Results and Discussion 14.3.1 Results of Box–Behnken Design for Optimizing MB Removal 14.3.2 Quadratic Model Development for MB Removal Prediction 14.3.3 Optimization of Adsorption Factors 14.3.4 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Relevant to Dye-Laden Wastewater Treatment References 15 An Economic Evaluation of Integrated Desalination Systems Using Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Desalination Techniques 15.3 Nuclear Reactors for Desalination 15.3.1 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) 15.3.2 Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) 15.3.3 Heavy Water Reactor (HWR) 15.3.4 Gas Cooled Reactor (GCRs) 15.3.5 Liquid Metal Cooled Reactor (LMCR) 15.4 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) a Best Technique 15.5 Economic Evaluation of PWR with a Desalination System 15.5.1 Model Verification 15.6 Conclusion References 16 A Cost Analysis Study of Nuclear Reactor Powered Desalination Process by DEEP Analysis—A Case Study of Saudi Arabia 16.1 Introduction 16.1.1 Area of Study 16.2 Methodology 16.2.1 Desalination Processes 16.2.2 Desalination and Nuclear Energy Resource 16.2.3 DEEP Analysis 16.3 Results 16.4 Conclusion References 17 The Correlation between Water Eutrophication and Sediment Pollution in the Process of Black Odors Water Treatment: A Case Study of the Ximing River and Keli River in Nanning, China 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Materials and Methods 17.2.1 Sampling Section Setting and Sample Collection 17.2.2 Monitoring Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Water Quality 17.2.3 Determination of Physical and Chemical Properties of Sediment 17.2.4 Evaluation Method 17.3 Results and Analysis 17.3.1 Engineering Measures for Black and Odorous Water Treatment 17.3.2 Evaluation Method of Water Eutrophication Index 17.3.3 Analysis of Comprehensive Pollution Index Evaluation Results 17.3.4 Correlation Analysis Between Eutrophication Degree and Sediment Pollution 17.4 Conclusions References 18 The Research of Correlation Between Distribution of Bacteria and Removal of N, P in EHYBFAS 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Materials and Methods 18.2.1 The Introduction of EHYBFAS Wastewater Treatment System 18.2.2 Sampling and Sample Processing 18.2.3 Culture and Counting of Microbes 18.2.4 Targets and Methods for Water Quality Analysis 18.2.5 Unit Conversion 18.3 Results and Discussion 18.3.1 The Correlation Between Distribution of PAOs in Biofilm or Activated Sludge and Phosphorus Removal 18.3.2 The Correlation Between Distribution of Denitrification Bacteria in Biofilm or Activated Sludge and Nitrogen Removal 18.4 Conclusion References 19 Hybrid Membrane-Thermal Seawater Desalination Engineering: Typical Technology Development and Future Prospects 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Typical and Novel Hybrid Desalination Systems 19.2.1 Blending the Products of the Thermal and Membrane Processes 19.2.2 RO Feeding by Brine Reject of the Thermal Desalination Process 19.2.3 Integrating System of NF as Water Pre-treatment Method for Thermal Desalination Processes 19.2.4 Hybrid FO Membrane/Thermal Desalination Systems 19.2.5 Novel Hybrid Membrane-Thermal Desalination Systems 19.3 Conclusions References 20 Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil and Water Conservation Function in Xixia County of Henan Province 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Materials and Methods 20.2.1 Overview of the Study Area 20.2.2 The Data Sources 20.2.3 Soil Conservation Evaluation Models 20.2.4 Classification of Soil Conservation Importance 20.2.5 Statistical Analysis 20.3 Results and Analysis 20.3.1 General Characteristics of Soil Conservation Function 20.3.2 Spatial Characteristics of Soil Conservation Function 20.3.3 Influencing Factors of Soil Conservation Function 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.4.1 Discussion 20.4.2 Results References 21 Experiment on Vegetation Grass Blanket Bank Slope Protection Material for Scour Resistance and Soil Conservation 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Flume Experiment 21.3 Experimental Study on Scouring and Soil Conservation Characteristics of Vegetation Grass Carpet 21.4 Conclusion References 22 Development Trend Analysis of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Based on Patent Analysis and Bibliometrics 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Methodology 22.2.1 Data Sources and Search Strategy 22.2.2 Bibliometric Analysis 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.3.1 Analysis of Time Trend 22.3.2 Performance of Countries and Regions 22.3.3 Analysis of Organizations 22.3.4 Analysis of Research Themes 22.4 Conclusion References 23 Intelligent Water Resources Management 23.1 A Few Introductory Words 23.2 Problems in the Search for the Sustainability of Water and the Environment 23.3 Modern Water Management Modeling. Reality or Chimera? 23.4 AIDWRP and the Possibilities for Regional Application in Uncertainty and Change 23.5 Conclusion References 24 Sustainable Cities via Smart Development Strategies: Bulgarian Case 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Sustainable Smart City 24.3 Bulgarian Case—Evidence from the Three Main Cities and Regional Centers 24.3.1 Case Study—Bulgarian Cites Burgas, Varna, and Sofia 24.3.2 Smart City Strategy Enablers Criteria in the Examined Cities 24.3.3 Smart City Strategy Action Field Indicators in the Examined Cities 24.4 Conclusion References 25 Policy of the Republic of Bulgaria in the Field of Natural and Environmental Disasters 25.1 Protection Against Natural Disasters 25.2 Legislative Framework for Protection Against Natural Disasters 25.3 Strategic Documents for Protection Against Natural Disasters 25.4 Analysis of the Problems in the Implementation of the Policy on Protection Against Natural Disasters in the Republic of Bulgaria 25.5 Conclusion References 26 Innovative Approaches to Reduce the Level of Environmental Pollution from Bus Transport in Sofia, Bulgaria 26.1 Introduction 26.2 State of the Problem 26.3 Opportunities to Reduce Harmful Emissions 26.4 Conclusion References 27 Applications of DSF as Renewable Source Energy Savings in a Small Detached Family House Prototype 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Methodology 27.3 Results and Discussion 27.4 Conclusions References 28 Thermal Engineering Applications in Forest Fire Environments 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Numerical Model 28.3 Numerical Methodology 28.4 Results and Discussion 28.5 Conclusions References 29 Airflow Inside of a Virtual Room Integrating a Vertical Confluent Jets Ventilation System 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Numerical Model Methodology 29.3 Results and Discussion 29.4 Conclusions References 30 Integration Selective Lithium Exchange Membrane and Diffusion Dialysis to Recover Lithium Ions in Brine Water 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Materials and Methods 30.2.1 Fabrication of Selective Ion Exchange Membranes 30.2.2 Experiment of Adsorption and Diffusion Dialysis 30.3 Results and Discussion 30.3.1 Adsorption Capacity and Selectivity of Lithium Ions 30.3.2 Characteristics of the Membrane After Adsorption 30.3.3 The Experiments of Diffusion Dialysis 30.4 Conclusion References 31 Using Thermal Desorption Technique to Treat Real Field Diesel Oil-Contaminated Soils 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Materials and Methods 31.2.1 Chemicals and Equipment 31.2.2 Experiment of Thermal Desorption 31.2.3 Analysis of Exhaust Gas 31.2.4 Detection of Diesel Concentration 31.3 Results and Discussion 31.3.1 Effect of Soil Treatment Amount on Thermal Desorption 31.3.2 Effect of Operating Temperature on Thermal Desorption 31.3.3 Capture of Volatilization Gas During Thermal Desorption Treatment 31.3.4 Remediation of Real Field Contaminated Soil 31.4 Conclusion References 32 Experiment and Simulation of Mobile Underwater Dredger Fill in- Layers Technology in Open Water 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Numerical Model and Method 32.2.1 Theory Method 32.2.2 Modeling of Typical Lifting Pipe Type Filling Device 32.2.3 Sediment Characteristic 32.2.4 Meshing 32.2.5 Boundary Condition and Initial Condition 32.3 Analysis of Results 32.3.1 Model Validation 32.3.2 Optimization of Model Structure 32.3.3 Analysis of the Characteristics of Dredger Fill Under Different Conditions 32.4 Conclusions References