Sustainable Development of Water and Environment (Environmental Science and Engineering)

This book aims to offer new scientific concept in the field of water and environment. The main purpose of this book is to exchange some of the latest research findings and educational information on the water and environment in order to take important measures to protect water resources and the environment for future generations in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The book welcomes all related research and review papers and hopes ICSDWE can positively impact our world and provide a better future for all, including the improvement to the quality of life. Organizing Committee Preface Contents 1 3D Continuous and Discrete Models of Multicomponent Suspended Transport for Coastal Marine Systems: Research and Application 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Statement of the Problem of Transport of Multicomponent Suspensions 1.3 Transformation with “Lag” of the Problem of Transport of Multicomponent Suspensions 1.4 Construction of a Discrete Model of the Problem of Transport of Multicomponent Suspensions Transformed with a “Lag” 1.5 Numerical Experiment 1.6 Conclusion References 2 Direct and Indirect Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Calcium Alginate Monolithic Pellets for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution 2.1 Research Background 2.2 Methodology 2.2.1 Preparation of CaAgl Pellets via Direct and Indirect Ultrasonication 2.2.2 Preparation of MB Adsorbate 2.2.3 Surface Characterisation Studies 2.2.4 Batch Adsorption Studies 2.3 Results and Discussion 2.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis 2.3.2 Indirect Ultrasonication on CaAlg Pellets’ Adsorption Performance 2.3.3 Direct Ultrasonication on CaAlg Pellet’s Adsorption Performance 2.4 Conclusion References 3 Experimental Study on Sludge Depth Drying Under Dual Physical Fields 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Cyclone Drying System and Test Materials 3.2.1 Cyclone Drying System and Test Materials 3.2.2 Experimental Materials 3.3 Experiment Results and Analysis 3.3.1 Influence of Sludge Moisture Rate on Sludge Cyclone Drying Performance 3.3.2 Influence of Feed Volume on Sludge Cyclone Drying Performance 3.3.3 Influence of Carrier Gas Temperature on Sludge Cyclone Drying Performance 3.3.4 Influence of Carrier Gas Flow Rate on Sludge Cyclone Drying Performance 3.4 Conclusion References 4 Challenges of the Water Crisis in the Arab Gulf Countries (2011–2021) 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Reality of Water Security in the Arab Gulf States 4.3 Sources of Gulf Water Security 4.4 Water Balance in the Arab Gulf States 4.5 The Amount of Surface Water Extracted in the Arab Gulf Countries 4.6 The Amount of Fresh Water Extracted in the Arab Gulf Countries 4.7 Dams and Desalination Plants in the Arab Gulf States 4.8 The Impact of Water Security on Gulf National Security 4.9 The Concept of Gulf National Water Security 4.10 The Political and Economic Impact of Gulf Water Security 4.10.1 First: The Impact of Water Security from a Political Point of View 4.10.2 The Political Employment of the Water Issue and Water Dependency Abroad 4.10.3 Second: The Loss of Water Security Due to Iran's Nuclear Activity, and the Possibility of Polluting the Gulf Waters 4.10.4 Third: The Possibility of a US-Iranian War and the Exposure of Iranian Nuclear Facilities to Attack 4.10.5 Fourth: The Increasing Rates of Food Exposure and External Dependency 4.11 The Impact of Water Security from an Economic Point of View 4.11.1 First: The High Economic Costs 4.11.2 Second: Environmental Pollution 4.12 The Future of Gulf Water Security 4.13 Conclusions References 5 Learned Lessons from Japanese Experiences in Planning and Managing Fishing Ports 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Case Studies 5.3 Methodology 5.3.1 Data Collection 5.4 Results and Discussions 5.5 Conclusions References 6 Study of the Influence of Pipeline Sediment on Drainage Capacity Based on SWMM and GSC Coefficients 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Research Methods 6.2.1 Model Building 6.2.2 Relationship Between Flow Rate and Sediment Volume 6.3 Applications 6.3.1 Flow Rate Analysis 6.3.2 Siltation Analysis 6.4 Conclusion References 7 87Sr/86Sr Tracer for the Formation and Evolution of Deep Underground Brines in Sedimentary Basins 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Application of Sr Isotope in Deep Underground Brines 7.3 Conclusions References 8 Motion of the Thermal in Static Thermal-Stratified Water 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Experimental Set-Up 8.3 Experimental Results and Discussions 8.4 Conclusions References 9 Water Under Pressure—A Model for Evaluating the Impact of Economic Growth on Water Resources 9.1 Introductory Words 9.2 Research Methodology 9.3 A Few Words About European Water 9.4 Water Sector Relationship with the Economic Development of Bulgarian Regions 9.5 Empirical Testing of the Working Hypothesis 9.6 Conclusion References 10 Mineral Water Resources Management in the Bulgarian Regions 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Research Approach 10.3 Bulgarian Mineral Water Landscape 10.4 Results and Discussion 10.5 Conclusion References 11 Improving the Quality of Public Transport to Achieve Environmental Sustainability in the City of Sofia, Bulgaria 11.1 Introduction 11.2 State of the Problem 11.3 State of Public Transport in the City of Sofia for the Period 2020–2022 11.4 Measures for Improving the Quality of Public Transport in an Urban Environment 11.5 Conclusion References 12 River Healthy Assessment in Developing Countries—A Case Study on Yellow River 12.1 Research Background 12.2 Healthy Life of the Yellow River in the New Era 12.3 Methodology 12.3.1 River Health Index (RHI) 12.3.2 Entropy Model 12.3.3 Brusselator Model 12.3.4 Index System 12.4 Result Analysis 12.4.1 RHI Value 12.4.2 Feedback Mechanism and System Transition Force 12.4.3 Criterion Layer 12.4.4 Critical Index 12.5 Conclusion 12.6 Discussion References 13 Assessment on Recreational Value of the Liming Scenic Spot of Laojun Mountain in Lijiang, China 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Overview of the region 13.3 Methods 13.3.1 Travel Cost Method (TCM) 13.3.2 Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) 13.3.3 Questionnaire Design and Sample Survey 13.3.4 Data Organization and Pre-Processing 13.4 Results 13.4.1 Result of Estimation of Recreational Value of Scenic Sites Using TCM 13.4.2 Result of Estimation of Recreational Value of Scenic Sites Using the CVM 13.4.3 The Revised Recreational Value of Scenic Sites Using the Improved Method Based on TCM and CVM 13.5 Discussion 13.6 Conclusions References 14 The Study on Sustainable Protection and Development of Huizhou Ancient Road Cultural Ecology Resources from Ecological Perspective 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Ecological Environment of Huizhou Ancient Road Distribution Area 14.3 Composition of Heritage of Ruoling Ancient Road and Jingshe Ancient Road 14.3.1 Route Distribution of Ruoling Ancient Road and Jingshe Ancient Road 14.3.2 Heritage Composition of Ruoling Ancient Road and Jingshe Ancient Road 14.3.3 Heritage Value Characteristics of Ruoling Ancient Road and Jingshe Ancient Road. 14.4 Protection and Utilization of Huizhou Ancient Road 14.4.1 Comprehensive Investigation of Huizhou Ancient Road Cultural Route Heritage Resources 14.4.2 Constructing Ecological Protection Corridor of Huizhou Ancient Road 14.4.3 Building a Complete Protection System of Huizhou Ancient Road 14.4.4 Promote the Rational Use of Huizhou Ancient Roads 14.5 Epilogue References 15 Effects of Polypropylene Fibers from Single-Use Facemasks on the Microstructure of Normal Cementitious Composites 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Methodology 15.2.1 Constituent Materials 15.2.2 Mixing Requirement and Casting Procedure 15.2.3 Image Analysis and Elemental Characterization 15.3 Results and Discussion 15.4 Conclusion References 16 Advancements in Concrete Incorporation: Harnessing the Potential of Crumb Rubber Tires as Sustainable Alternatives to Fine Aggregates 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Review Methodology 16.2.1 Research Questions 16.2.2 Review Execution 16.3 Crumb Rubber Treatment 16.3.1 Treatment of Rubber Tires Using Chemical Methods 16.3.2 Treatment of Rubber Tires Using Thermal Methods 16.4 The Effect of Crumb Rubber Tires to concrete’s Properties 16.4.1 Fresh Concrete—Workability 16.4.2 Hardened Concrete—Compressive Strength and Flexural Tensile 16.5 The Effect of Crumb Rubber Tires to concrete’s Properties 16.6 Conclusion References 17 Water Quality Characteristics in the Source Areas of Yangtze River and Lancang River in Wet Season, in Tibet Plateau 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Materials and Methods 17.2.1 The Study Area 17.2.2 Samples Collection 17.2.3 Sample Analysis 17.3 Results and Discussion 17.3.1 Analysis of Water Quality Results 17.3.2 The Characteristics of Water Quality Characteristics 17.3.3 Evaluation of Water Quality Suitability 17.4 Conclusion References 18 Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission of Residential Areas in Changsha Based on Local Climate Zone Scheme 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Methodology 18.2.1 Study Area 18.2.2 LCZ Mapping 18.2.3 Energy Consumption Models 18.2.4 Carbon Emission Models 18.3 Results 18.3.1 LCZ Map of Changsha 18.3.2 Distribution Characteristics of Energy Consumption in Open LCZ Areas 18.3.3 Distribution Characteristics of Carbon Emissions in Open LCZ Areas 18.4 Discussion 18.5 Conclusion References 19 Study on the Regulation in Countering the Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resource 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources 19.2.1 Impact on the Supply of Water Resources 19.2.2 Impact on the Quality of Water Resources 19.2.3 Transboundary Water Conflict 19.3 Existing Regulatory Measures 19.3.1 International Law 19.3.2 Domestic Legislation 19.4 Optimization of the Current Regulatory Measures: Multi-Actor Participation and Collaboration 19.4.1 Public Level 19.4.2 Private Level 19.4.3 Multi-Actor Cooperation 19.5 Conclusion References 20 Research on the Impact of Sediment Dredging Activities on the Lingding Bay of Pearl River Estuary, China 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Study Area 20.3 Methods 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.4.1 Spatial and Temporal Location of Sand Dredgers 20.4.2 Sand Mining Zones Approved by Local Government 20.4.3 Topography Changes and Evolution Characteristics Caused by Sand Mining 20.4.4 Spatiotemporal Distribution of SSC Caused by Sand Mining 20.4.5 Siltation in DFT Before and After Sand Mining 20.5 Conclusions References 21 Distribution Characteristics of Seabed Sediment in Anpu Bay of Guangdong Province, China 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Data and Methods 21.3 Results 21.3.1 Distribution of Seabed Sedimentary Types 21.3.2 Distribution of Median Grain Size 21.3.3 Distribution of Sorting Coefficient 21.3.4 Distribution of Grain Content 21.4 Discussion 21.4.1 Hydrodynamic Conditions 21.4.2 Sedimentary Environment 21.4.3 Analysis of Seabed Stability 21.5 Conclusion References 22 Evaluation of Urban Livability—A Case Study of Kunming City, China 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Study Area and Research Method 22.2.1 Overview of the Study Area 22.2.2 Research Method 22.3 Data Sources 22.4 Objective Evaluation Methods 22.5 Results and Analysis 22.5.1 Objective Evaluation Results and Analysis 22.5.2 Subjective Evaluation Results and Analysis 22.6 Conclusions and Suggestions 22.6.1 Conclusions 22.6.2 Suggestions References 23 Water Level Monitoring Sensor Based on Iontronic Piezo-Capacitance Effect 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Materials and Methods 23.2.1 Finite Element Analysis 23.2.2 Preparation of PVA Ionic Gels 23.2.3 Preparation of Electrodes and Sensors 23.2.4 Characterization and Measurements 23.3 Results and Discussion 23.3.1 Structure and Principle of Iontronic Pressure Sensor 23.3.2 Effect of Ion Concentration on Sensor Sensitivity 23.3.3 Effect of Microstructure on Sensing Performance 23.3.4 Effect of Ionic Gel Thickness on Sensing Performance 23.3.5 Sensing Characteristics of Iontronic Pressure Sensor 23.3.6 Iontronic Pressure Sensor for Water Level Monitoring 23.4 Conclusion References 24 Research on the Implementation Path of Landscape Dispatch of Irrigated Reservoir 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Research Methods 24.2.1 Objective Function 24.2.2 Constraints 24.2.3 Model Solving 24.3 Case Study 24.3.1 Study Area 24.3.2 Hydrology and Water Resource Calculation 24.3.3 Water Demand Analysis 24.3.4 Reservoir Supply and Demand Balance Analysis 24.4 Results and Discussion 24.5 Conclusion References 25 An Innovative Photocatalyst Composite of TiO2/Graphite to Degrade the Dye Wastewater 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Materials and Methods 25.2.1 Preparation of Photocatalyst Composite 25.2.2 Analysis of Surface Structure 25.2.3 Degradation Experiment of Dye Wastewater 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.3.1 Surface Morphology of Photocatalysts Prepared by Different Methods 25.3.2 Various Characteristics of TiO2/graphite Photocatalyst 25.3.3 Efficiency of Dye Wastewater Degradation 25.4 Conclusion References 26 Simulation of Sediment Transport in Coastal Systems, Taking into Account the Heterogeneous Composition of the Soil in a Region of Complex Shape 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Statement of the Problem of Transport of Multicomponent Sediments 26.3 Linearization of the Multicomponent Sediment Transport Problem 26.4 Difference Problem of Transport of Multicomponent Sediments in a Region of Complex Shape 26.5 Conclusion References 27 Urban Water Operational Robustness Failure Preliminary Study: Step Forward Solution to Resilience Improvement of Future Sustainable City 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Methodology 27.3 Results 27.4 Discussion 27.5 Conclusion References 28 Reason Analysis and Countermeasure Research on Emulsified Oil of Zhen 2 Lian 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Component Analysis of Emulsified Oil 28.2.1 Centrifugal Separation 28.2.2 Microscopic State Observation 28.3 Analysis of Causes and Influencing Factors of Emulsified Oil 28.3.1 Clear Zhenerlian Emulsified Oil, Sewage Sludge Composition 28.3.2 The Effect of Native Components on Dehydration Rate Was Clarified 28.3.3 The Influence of Well Entry Materials on Emulsified Oil is Clarified 28.3.4 Orthogonal Test Analysis to Determine the Main Cause of Emulsified Oil Formation 28.3.5 The Influence of System Operation on Emulsified Oil 28.4 Treatment Measures of the Second Emulsified Layer in Zhen 2 28.4.1 Optimize the Mechanical Oscillation Dehydration Process 28.4.2 Carry Out Pipeline Demulsification Test 28.4.3 Demulsifier Selection 28.4.4 The Mechanical Vibration Emulsified Oil Treatment Test Was Carried Out 28.5 Conclusion References 29 Transit Mental and Their Complexes Catalyzed Oxidative Degradation of Guar Gum by H2O2 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Materials and Methods 29.2.1 Raw Materials and Instruments 29.2.2 Experimental Principle 29.2.3 Experimental Method 29.3 Results and Discussion 29.3.1 Degradation of Hydroxyethyl Guar Gum by Metal Ion-Catalyzed H2O2 29.3.2 Degradation of Hydroxyethyl Guar by H2O2 Catalyzed by Iron Ion Complexes 29.3.3 Metal Complex-Catalyzed Degradation of Hydroxyethyl Guar Gum by H2O2 29.4 Conclusion References 30 Prediction of Eco-Economic-Social Coordinated Development Based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model: A Case Study of Qinling Area of Giant Panda National Park 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Research Methods and Data Processing 30.2.1 Establishment of Index System 30.2.2 Data Sources and Research Methods 30.2.3 Data Sources and Research Methods 30.3 Results and Discussion 30.3.1 Analysis of Coordination Degree 30.3.2 ANN Model Construction and Verification 30.4 Conclusions References 31 Enhancement of Natural Iron-Bearing Mineral on Microbial Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Methodology 31.2.1 Materials 31.2.2 Cr(VI) Reduction Experiments 31.3 Results and Discussion 31.3.1 Characteristics of Iron-Bearing Mineral 31.3.2 Effect of Mineral Proportion on Enhanced Microbial Reduction 31.3.3 Effect of Particle Size of Natural Iron-Bearing Mineral on Enhanced Microbial Reduction 31.4 Conclusion References