Sustainable Building Materials and Construction: Select Proceedings of ICSBMC 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 222)

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Building Materials and Construction (ICSBMC 2021), and examines a range of durable, energy-efficient, advance construction and building materials produced from industrial wastes and byproducts. The topics covered include advanced construction materials, durability of concrete structures, waste utilization, repair & rehabilitation of concrete structures, structural analysis & design, composites, nanomaterials and smart materials in seismic engineering. The book also discusses various properties and performance attributes of modern-age concretes including their strength, durability, workability, and carbon footprint. This book will be a precious reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in sustainable construction and allied fields. Contents About the Editors Effect of High Temperature on the Calcinated Clay-Limestone Cement Concrete (LC3) 1 Introduction 2 Material 2.1 Mix Design of Concrete System 2.2 Heating Details 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Shape of Cracks and Color Changes of Cubes 3.2 Compressive Strength 4 Conclusions References Prediction of Compressive Strength of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Using AI Approach 1 Introduction 2 Artificial Neural Network Architecture 2.1 Neural Network System Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Experimental Investigation on Development of Compressive Strength of High-Strength Geopolymer Concrete Containing M-Sand 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Material and Mix Proportions 3 Experimental Program 3.1 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Experimental Study on the Performance of Manufactured Sand Over Natural Sand-Based Cement Mortar 1 Introduction 2 Material 2.1 Cement 2.2 Fine Aggregate 2.3 Manufactured Sand 2.4 Fly Ash Bricks 3 Mix Procedure and Test Conducted 3.1 Casting of Specimen 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Compressive Strength of Mortars 5 Conclusions References Fresh and Hardened Properties of Pozzolanic Binary Blend Self-compacting Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mix Design 2.3 Tests on Fresh Binary Blend SCC—Slump Flow + T500 (Filling Ability), Passing Ability (L-box Method), Segregation Resistance 2.4 Tests on Hardened Binary Blend SCC 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Binary Blend SCC-Fresh Properties 3.2 Binary Blend SCC-Hardened Properties 4 Conclusions References Properties of Binary Admixtures and Recycled Coarse Aggregate Mixed Self-compacting Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Tests on SCC Mixes 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Properties of SCC Mixes in the Green State 3.2 Property of SCC Mixes in the Hardened State 3.3 Micro-Structural Analysis 4 Conclusions References Use of Mineral Admixtures and M-sand for Sustainable Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Material and Their Properties 2.2 Mix Proportioning and Casting 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Fresh Properties of Concrete 3.2 Hardened Properties of Concrete 4 Conclusions References A Study on Geopolymer Concrete 1 Introduction 1.1 Materials Used and Mix Proportioning 2 Methodology 2.1 Synthesis and Tests 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Comparison of Different Numerical Models Developed for FE Simulation of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Composite Columns 1 Introduction 2 Comparison of Different Numerical Models 2.1 Numerical Model 1 Used by Han et al. [1] 2.2 Numerical Model 2 Used by Han et al. [2] 2.3 Numerical Model 3 Developed by Tao et al. [3] 2.4 Numerical Model 4 Developed by Mander et al. [4] 2.5 Numerical Model 5 Adopted by Liang and Fregomeni [5] 3 Boundary Condition and Contact Surfaces 4 Material Properties for Analysis 5 Results and Discussion References Fire Exposure Response of Alkali-Activated Concrete Modular Prototype Panels 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Material and Mix Proportions 2.2 Prototype Specimens, Casting, and Testing 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References An Experimental Study on Strength and Durability Properties for Utilization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in Geopolymer Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Materials and Properties of GPC 3.1 Source Materials 3.2 Aggregates and Geopolymer Liquids 3.3 Mix Proportion 4 Experimental Set up and Results 4.1 Compressive Strength of FAGPC and RHAGPC 4.2 Tensile and Flexural Strength of FAGPC and RHAGPC 4.3 Water Absorption of FAGPC and RHAGPC 4.4 Sorptivity of FAGPC and RHAGPC 4.5 Carbonation of FAGPC and RHAGPC 5 Conclusions References Study of Accelerated Carbonation Performance of Concrete Containing Natural Zeolite with the Help of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Details 2.1 Material Details and Mix Proportion 2.2 Preparation of Specimen and Exposure Condition 2.3 Carbonation Depth Measurement 2.4 Compressive Strength Test 2.5 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Carbonation Depth Measurement 3.2 Compressive Strength 3.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 4 Conclusion References A New EBG Superstrated Rectangular Slotted Microwave Patch Antenna Sensor with Enhanced Gain for Steel Rebar Nondestructive Corrosion Monitoring in Civil Structures 1 Introduction 2 Sensor Design and Fabrication 2.1 Design 2.2 Development and Testing 3 Experimental 3.1 Setup 3.2 Sample Preparation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Life Cycle Carbon Emission Assessment for a Residential Building 1 Introduction 2 Case Study of Residential Building 2.1 Building Life Cycle Carbon Emissions (LCO2E) 3 Calculation of LCO2E 3.1 Materialization Phase 3.2 Transportation Phase 3.3 Operational Phase 3.4 Destruction Phase 4 Interpretations and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Lamb Wave Approach for the Structural Health Monitoring 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Literature Review 1.3 Lamb Wave 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Properties of Binary Admixture Mixed SCC Exposed to Sulphate Environment 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Fresh Properties 3.2 Hardened Properties 3.3 Relation Among Compressive, Flexural and Split Tensile Strength of Different SCC 3.4 Durability Properties of Concrete 4 Conclusions References Effect of Elevated Temperature on Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete Produced by Adding Fly Ash and Colloidal Nanosilica 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Materials 4 Test Results and Discussion 4.1 Discussion on Test Results 5 Residual Compressive Strength at Elevated Temperature 6 SEM Images 6.1 SEM Analysis 7 Conclusions References Mix Design and Strength Evaluation of Ambient Cured Permeable Alkali-Activated Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Paste Materials or Binder 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Mechanical Strengths of AAPC 3.2 Physical Properties of AAPC 4 Conclusion References Outcome of a Magnetic Field on Heat Transfer of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Suspended Nanofluids by Shooting Type Laplace–Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) 1 Introduction 2 Formulation of the Problem 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Utilization of GGBFS and Micro-fine as Partial Replacement of Cement in Mortar with Manufactured and River Sand 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials Properties 2.2 Methodology for Mortar Cube 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Parametric Experimental Studies of Mortar Incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Silica Fume 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Work 3 Tests for Cement 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Study on Time—Viscosity Characteristics of Cement—Zeolite Grouts 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Time—Viscosity Properties of Grout 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Time—Viscosity Properties of Grout 4 Conclusions References Experimental Study on the Stress–Strain Behavior of Partially and Fully Wrapped Axially Loaded Square RC Columns Strengthened with BFRP 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Load-displacement 3.2 Axial Stress-Strain Behavior 3.3 Comparison of Experimental Stress with a Different Model 3.4 Failure Mode 4 Conclusion References Experimental Study on the Stress-Strain Behavior of Partially and Fully Wrapped Axially Loaded Square RC Columns Strengthened with GFRP 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Experimental Material 2.2 Experimental Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Failure Mode 3.2 Ultimate Load-displacement 3.3 Axial Stress-strain Behavior 3.4 Comparison of Experimental Stress with Different Model 4 Conclusion References Performance of RC Beams Using CFRP, GFRP, and SSWM Subjected to Torsion: Numerical Study 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Investigation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Torque-Twist Response 3.2 Ultimate Torque and Corresponding Twist 3.3 Damage Pattern and Maximum Principal Strain 4 Conclusions References Studies on Seismic Safety of Hospital Structures 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Dynamic Seismic Analysis 4 SAP2000 Modelling 5 Floor Isolation in Hospital Building 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusions References Seismic Fragility Analysis of Base-Isolated Reinforced Concrete Frames Analysed by Direct Displacement-Based Design 1 Introduction 1.1 Direct Displacement-Based Design 1.2 Fragility Functions 2 Damage Measures and Damage States 3 Analytical Procedure 4 Numerical Example 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusions References Seismic Investigation of Nuclear Reactor Containment Structure 1 Introduction 2 Research Significance 3 Numerical Modeling 3.1 Modeling of NR Containment Structures 3.2 Properties 3.3 Modeling of SSI Springs 3.4 Ground Motion Selection 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Base Shear Fx (kN) 4.2 Base Moment Mx (kN m) 5 Conclusions References Seismic Effect of CFG Pile Supported Building Structure in Soft Soil by Numerical Investigation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Influence of Geometric Variation on Seismic Fragility Assessment 1 Introduction and Background 2 Description and Design of RC Building 2.1 Pushover Analysis 2.2 Control Points 2.3 Damage State Threshold (Sd,ds) and Damage State Variability (βds) 2.4 Fragility Curve Development Using HAZUS 3 Conclusions References Pushover Analysis: Recent State of Art 1 Introduction 2 Performance-Based Design 3 Pushover Analysis 3.1 Limitation of Pushover Analysis 4 Building Performance Level 5 Literature Review 6 Conclusions References Incremental Dynamic Analysis of Geometrically Irregular RCC Buildings 1 Introduction 2 IDA Procedure 3 Modelling Assumptions and Ground Motion Records 4 Performing the Analysis 5 Results and Post-Processing 6 Discussion of Results 7 Conclusions References Cable Supported Bridges for Long to Superlong Spans 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Problem Statement 3.1 Introduction to the Software 3.2 Modelling of CSSHB with 319 m + 1400 m + 319 m as Span Configuration 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Validation 4.2 Other Geometrical Configurations Studied as Parametric Studies 5 Conclusion References Development of Fragility Curves for Performance Evaluation of R.C. Moment Resisting Frames Using Nonlinear Static Analysis 1 Background 2 Methodology of Fragility Curve Development 3 Illustrative Problem 3.1 Nonlinear Modelling 4 Results 4.1 Results from Nonlinear Static Analysis 4.2 Results from Fragility Curves 4.3 Summary of Fragility Curves 5 Conclusions References An Assessment of Efficiency Factors of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Bottle-Shaped Struts 1 Introduction 2 STM Analysis 2.1 STM Analysis of Typical Beam Specimen Tested by Han et al. [8] 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Assessment of Stress–Strain Relationship for Recycled Aggregate Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Review on Existing Stress–Strain Constitutive Models for Natural Aggregate Concrete 3 Measured Stress–Strain Behaviour of RCA-Concrete 4 Assessment of Applicability of Existing Natural Aggregate Concrete Stress–Strain Models to Recycled Aggregate Concrete 5 Conclusions References Comparative Study of Diagrid Steel Building with Conventional Steel Braced Building 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Building Configurations 2.2 Diagrid Buildings 2.3 Conventional Steel Braced Building 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Displacement Comparison 3.2 Drift Comparison 3.3 Storey Shear Comparison 4 Conclusions References Dynamic Response of RC Wall Panel Subjected to Air Blast Loading 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Three-Dimensional (3-D) Finite Element Modelling 2.2 Validation with Experimental Data 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Charge Weight 3.2 Effect of Standoff Distance 3.3 Effect of Thickness of Panel 3.4 Effect of Boundary Condition 4 Conclusions References Experimental and Numerical Modal Analysis of Cantilever Beam 1 Introduction 2 Experimental analysis 3 Finite Element Modelling 4 Comparison of results 5 Conclusions References Strengthening of Multistory Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Building by Providing Chevron Bracings 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Description of Model 2.2 Loading on Building 3 Linear Static Analysis 4 Nonlinear Static Analysis 5 Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis 6 Conclusions References Structural Analysis of Heritage Timber Structure 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Gap of Study 3 Timberjoineries 4 Analysis of Timberjoineries 4.1 Meshayuddha Joint 4.2 Adharapattika Joint 5 Conclusions References Variation in Governing Wind Loads on RC Chimney—Parametric Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Problem Formulation 3.2 Analytical Procedure 3.3 Comparison 4 Results and Discussion 5 Ambiguities in the Code 6 Conclusions References Structural Assessment of Banashankari Temple, Badami, Karnataka 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Material Test References Usage of Waste Marble Powder for the Manufacture of Limestone Calcinated Clay Cement (LCCC) 1 Introduction 2 Material 2.1 Development of Cement Systems 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 The Physical Characteristics 3.2 Compressive Strength 4 Conclusions References A Literature Review Identifying the Scope for Utilization of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Fibers in Concrete for Enhancing Structural Properties 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Analysis of Pet FRC 2.1 Effect of PET Fiber on Workability of FRC 2.2 Effect of PET Fiber on Compressive Strength of FRC 2.3 Effect of PET Fiber on Splitting Tensile Strength of FRC 2.4 Effect of PET Fiber on Flexural Behavior 2.5 Effect on Pull-Out Strength of PET Fiber 2.6 Effect of PET Fiber on Impact Strength of FRC 2.7 Effect of PET Fiber on Heat Transfer and Thermal Conductivity of FRC 3 Results and Conclusions 4 Future Scope for Research References Experimental Investigation on the Combined Effect of Fly Ash and Eggshell Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mix Proportion 3 Experimentation 3.1 Compressive Strength Test 3.2 Split Tensile Strength Test 3.3 Rebound Hammer Test 3.4 Electrical Resistivity Test 4 Results 4.1 Compressive Strength Test 4.2 Split Tensile Test 4.3 Rebound Hammer Strength Test 4.4 Electrical Resistivity Test 5 Conclusions References An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete with Silica Fume 1 Introduction 2 Material and Mix Proportion 2.1 Recycled Coarse Aggregates (RCA) 2.2 Concrete Mixtures 2.3 Specimens and Curing 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Compressive Strength 3.2 Splitting Tensile Strength 3.3 Flexural Strength 4 Conclusions References Performance Evaluation of Pongamia Pinnata Shell-Waste for the Treatment of Toxic Congo-Red Dye Bearing Wastewater 1 Introduction 2 Resources and Methodologies 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Arrangement of Adsorbent and Character Investigations of PPS 3.2 Mark of Zero Charge 3.3 Scanning Electron Microscopic (S-E-M) Analysis 3.4 Batch Investigations 3.5 Best Fit Equilibrium Analysis 3.6 1st and 2nd Order Kinetic Energy Investigation 3.7 Thermo-Dynamic Investigation 4 Conclusions References Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete Containing Recycled Plastic Waste Aggregates 1 Introduction 2 Material and Mix Proportions 2.1 Plastic Waste 2.2 GGBS and FLY ASH 2.3 Alkaline Solution 2.4 Aggregate 3 Experimental Program 3.1 Mix Design 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Utilization of Steel Slag for Wastewater Treatment: A Review 1 Introduction 2 USE of Steel Slag for Water and Wastewater Treatment 3 Conclusions References Evaluation of Adhesion Factor Between Clay and Steel Slag 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Model Test 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Alkali-Activated Binders Using Industrial Wastes Applications in Geotechnical Engineering: Review 1 Introduction 2 Design Mix of Alkali-Activated Binder for Soil Stabilization 2.1 Precursor and Mix Proportion 2.2 Modulus Ratio: SiO2/Na2O 2.3 Alkaline Medium 2.4 Water (Alkaline Solution) to Binder Ratio 3 Types of Soil Mixed with Alkali-Activated Binder for Stabilization 4 Application of Geopolymer in Geotechnical Engineering 5 Mechanical Performance of Geopolymer Stabilized Soil 6 Microstructure of Geopolymer Stabilized Soil 7 Future Scope of Study 8 Conclusion References Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Ground-Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag in Cementitious System for Sustainable Development 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Utilization of Potential of PET Resin and Pond Ash in Cement Mortar 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Fine Aggregate 2.2 Pond Ash 2.3 Cement 2.4 Polyethene Terephthalate (PET) Resin 2.5 Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxides (MEKPo) 2.6 Physical Properties 2.7 Testing Program 2.8 Mix Proportion 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Soundness 3.2 Standard Consistency 3.3 Soundness 3.4 Setting Time 3.5 Slump Flow 3.6 Compressive Strength 3.7 Tensile Strength 3.8 Water Penetration Resistance 4 Conclusion References