Sustainability in the Textile and Apparel Industries: Sourcing Synthetic and Novel Alternative Raw Materials (Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry)

This book is part of a five-volume set that explores sustainability in textile industry practices globally. Case studies are provided that cover the theoretical and practical implications of sustainable textile issues, including environmental footprints of textile manufacturing, consumer behavior, eco-design in clothing and apparels, supply chain sustainability, the chemistry of textile manufacturing, waste management and textile economics. The set will be of interest to researchers, engineers, industrialists, R&D managers and students working in textile chemistry, economics, materials science, and sustainable consumption and production. This volume explores some alternative synthetic raw materials resulting from the recycling and regeneration of renewable textile fibers, and how these sustainable green-based composites can contribute to improved ecological and human health. The book offers insights into the impacts of human-made fibers and microfiber pollution, and how biodegradable material sourcing can help to curb harmful environmental impacts from these practices and achieve clothing and apparel sustainability. Preface Contents Important Step in Sustainability: Polyethylene Terephthalate Recycling and the Recent Developments Introduction Recycling of PET-Based Materials Cleaning Process Crushing Process Washing Process Drying Process Chopping Process Recycling Methods Mechanical Recycling Chemical Recycling Applications of Recycled PET Applications of Mechanically Recycled PET Applications of Chemically Recycled PET Recent Commercial Developments Conclusions References Thinking Textile Materials from Their Nature: Ethical Materials for Fashion Design with Technological, Social, and Aesthetic Sense Introduction The Unsustainability of Culture and Fashion Thinking About the Cultural Sphere Thinking About Fibers and Environmental Sustainability Understanding Physical and Chemical Characterization of Fibers: Silk Produced in the Department of Cauca and Wool from the Cundiboyacense Plateau Silk Fiber Colombian Creole Sheep Wool Fiber Building the System for Fibers and Textiles: Suppliers of Sustainable Fashion, Silk, and Wool Social System, Design System as a Living Laboratory The Dynamics of a Living Laboratory Understanding the Know-How of the Socio-technical Systems of Wool and Silk Through Immersion Laboratory Understanding of Know-Hows: Silk Laboratory Understanding of Know-Hows: Wool Laboratory: Re-signifying Knowledge Thinking About Doing Laboratory: Building Tissues and Non-tissues Laboratory: Thinking About Thermo-chromatic Dyeing and Softness as Added Value Making Design Sustainable Decisions of the Design System Results Conclusions References Sustainable Green-Based Composites from Renewable Resources in Textile: Industrial Cotton Wastes Introduction Polymers Natural Fibers Cotton Fiber Textile Recycling Processes Polypropylene Materials and Methods Blends Preparation Production Techniques Mechanical Characterizations Results and Discussion Mechanical Properties Tensile Strength Elongations (%) Elasticity Modulus (MPa) Izod Impact (kJ/m2) Hardness (Shore D) Melt Flow Index Conclusion References Sustainability in Regenerated Textile Fibers Introduction Production of Regenerated Sustainable Fibers Fiber Produced with N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide (NMMO) Route Alternatives to NMMO Process Eco-Responsible Viscose Rayon Lyocell Production of Lyocell Fibers Environment Friendliness of Lyocell Toxicological Aspect Fibrillation of Lyocell Fibers Primary Fibrillation Secondary Fibrillation Defibrillation of Lyocell Advantages of Lyocell Developments in Lyocell Wet Cleaning of Tencel/Lyocell Tencel A-100 New Development Lyocell Fibers with REFIBRATM Technology Uses and Applications of Lyocell Bamboo Rayon Properties of Bamboo Fiber Environmentally Friendly of Bamboo Applications of Bamboo Textiles Modal Cellulose Seacell® Smart Cell® Polylactic Acid Fibers Production of PLA Fibers Environmental Benefits of PLA Biodegradability of PLA Chitin, Chitosan Characterization of Chitosan Manufacturing Silver Containing Chitosan Fibers Alginate Fiber Production of Alginate and Chitosan Blend Conclusion and Recommendations Going Forward References Use of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in Composite Materials for Sustainability Introduction Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of Hibiscus sabdariffa FT-IR Characterization of Hibiscus sabdariffa TGA/DTG/ DTA of Hibiscus sabdariffa Natural Fiber Reinforcement Composites Materials and Methods Blends Preparation Production Techniques Extruder Injection Molding Mechanical Characterizations Result and Discussions Mechanical Properties Tensile Properties Conclusion References Recycling of Marine Litter and Ocean Plastics: A Vital Sustainable Solution for Increasing Ecology and Health Problem Introduction Sources of Marine Litter Contribution of Synthetic Fibers to Marine Litter via Laundry (Washing) Cycles Effects of Marine Litter Ecological Effects Socioeconomic Effects Precautions Against Marine Litter Recycling of Marine Litter Mechanical Recycling Chemical Recycling Thermal Recycling Recent Commercial Developments for Marine Litter Recycling Conclusions References Sustainability in Polyurethane Synthesis and Bio-based Polyurethanes Introduction Polyurethanes Raw Materials Polyols Isocyanates Chain Extenders and Crosslinkers Catalysts Vegetable Oils Used in PU Synthesis Structure and Modification of Vegetable Oils Use of Vegetable Oils in PU Synthesis and Bio-based PUs Use Areas of Bio-based Polyurethanes Conclusion References Textile Industry Insights Towards Impact of Regenerated Cellulosic and Synthetic Fibres on Microfibre Pollution Introduction Background Microfibres and Microfibre Pollution Methodology Findings How Is MFP Defined from an Industry Perspective? What Are the Key Challenges of MFP? What Are Potential Alternatives to Reduce MFP According to Industry Experts? Conclusion and Implications References Sustainable, Renewable, and Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Fibers and Their Latest Developments in the Last Decade Introduction Various Biomedical Applications of PLA Tissue Engineering Wound Dressing Drug-Delivery Systems Antibacterial Mats Biosensors PLA Nanoparticles as Gene-Delivery Systems Food Packaging PLA Fiber Wet Processing Scouring Process Bleaching Process Surface Modification Plasma Treatment UV/Ozone Treatment Dyeing 3D Printing Conclusions References Correction to: Thinking Textile Materials from Their Nature: Ethical Materials for Fashion Design with Technological, Social, and Aesthetic Sense Index This Book Is Part Of A Five-volume Series That Explores Sustainability In Textile Industry Practices Globally. Case Studies Are Provided That Cover The Theoretical And Practical Implications Of Sustainable Textile Issues, Including Environmental Footprints Of Textile Manufacturing, Consumer Behavior, Eco-design In Clothing And Apparels, Supply Chain Sustainability, The Chemistry Of Textile Manufacturing, Waste Management And Textile Economics. The Series Will Be Of Interest To Researchers, Engineers, Industrialists, R&d Managers And Students Working In Textile Chemistry, Economics, Materials Science, And Sustainable Consumption And Production. This Volume Explores Some Alternative Synthetic Raw Materials Resulting From The Recycling And Regeneration Of Renewable Textile Fibers, And How These Sustainable Green-based Composites Can Contribute To Improved Ecological And Human Health. The Book Offers Insights Into The Impacts Of Human-made Fibers And Microfiber Pollution, And How Biodegradable Material Sourcing Can Help To Curb Harmful Environmental Impacts From These Practices And Achieve Clothing And Apparel Sustainability.