Surgical Treatment of Orthopaedic Trauma - A Comprehensive Text and Video Guide, 2e (Jan 4, 2016)_(1604067624)_(Thieme)

The Quintessential, Clinical Orthopedic Trauma Reference Featuring Surgical Videos The updated edition reflects recent advances in orthopaedic traumatology and a wealth of evidence-based, clinical expertise from world-class surgeons. It expands on the award-winning 2007 edition, with a more extensive video library that is notable in depth and breadth. The expertly written and richly illustrated text, coupled with the remarkable video compilation, enable surgeons to augment skills, overcome challenges, perfect surgical techniques, and successfully manage even the most complex cases. Master orthopedic surgeons present state-of-the art approaches for treating traumatic injuries that range from those that are life-threatening to the more routine. Throughout 36 chapters and professionally produced videos, cutting-edge concepts and step-by-step guidance are provided on the following: Clinical evaluation Injury classification Standardized guidelines Non-operative methods Indications for surgical treatment Current surgical techniques Comorbidities, potential hazards, and complications Clinical pearls, tips and tricks Surviving the night Outcome data Case studies Key Highlights: More than 150 high-quality surgical videos are a superb learning tool, providing ample opportunity to watch, listen, and acquire new insights from orthopedic experts as they perform a wide array of surgeries Videos detail surgical procedures from preoperative planning and patient positioning to suturing the skin, featuring personalized commentary that delivers one-on-one training More than 1,500 first-rate illustrations, diagrams, and radiographic studies This impressive, multimedia resource is an invaluable, must-have tool for orthopedic surgeons, emergency room physicians, and residents who treat patients with traumatic skeletal injuries. It also provides a fundamental resource for board-exam preparation. Front Matter Copyright Foreword Preface Contributors Video Contributors Contents MediaCenter List of Videos Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V X W Z 1 The Polytrauma Patient Evaluation of the Polytraumatized Patient Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome The Physiological Response to Trauma Definition of SIRS and SIRS Score Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome Parameters Used to Define the “Borderline” Patient Fracture Care and the Systemic Inflammatory Response: The Second Hit Prioritization of Injury Treatment Surviving the Night Timing of Surgical Interventions Guidelines for the Timing of Operative Intervention in the Trauma Patient Damage-Control Orthopaedics Technique : Spanning External Fixation Conversion of External Fixation to Intramedullary Nailing Special Considerations in the Head-Injured Patient Outcomes Special Problems Case Studies Pearls New Techniques Conclusion 2 Care of the Soft Tissue Envelope Tips and Tricks Anatomy Initial Assessment and Classification The Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification (Version 2) Incision Surviving the Night Instrument Handling Soft Tissue Handling Tourniquet Hemostasis Tips and Tricks Internal Fracture Reduction Edema Reduction Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy Skin Traction (Rubber Bands and Staples) Fracture Blisters Antibiotic Bead Pouches Reconstructive Ladder Tips and Tricks Soft Tissue Update Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy Tips and Tricks Timing of Antibiotics and Debridement in Open Fractures Local Flaps Outcomes Soft Tissue Coverage New Techiques Pearls 3 Musculoskeletal Infection Associated with Skeletal Trauma Prevention of Infection Diagnostic Laboratory Studies Diagnosis Imaging Staging and Classification Cultures Pin or Wire-Site Infection Treatment Principles of Antibiotic Therapy in Musculoskeletal Infection Tips and Tricks Acute or Subacute Infection with Stable Hardware Chronic Osteomyelitis Tips and Tricks Pearls 4 Acute Compartment Syndrome Diagnosis Intramuscular Pressure Measurement Pearl Classification Nonoperative Treatment Pathophysiological Classification of Acute Compartment Syndrome55 Indications for Surgical Treatment Pearl Surviving the Night Technique of Fasciotomy Tips and Tricks Outcomes New Techniques Complications 5 Evolving Concepts in Plate Fixation History and Evolution of Plating Practical Applications of Screw Design Compression Plating : When and How Locking Screw–Plate Constructs Neutralization, Bridging, and Buttress Plating : Use of Plates as Reduction Tools Minimally Invasive Plating Locking Plates and Plating Systems Indications for Locked Plating Complications of Locking Plates Reduction Tricks for Locked Plating Tips and Tricks Pearls Outcomes New Techniques 6 Treatment Strategy for Nonunion Evaluation Classification Surgical Treatment Indications for Surgical Treatment Humeral Shaft Nonunions Clavicle Nonunion Femoral Neck Nonunion Subtrochanteric Nonunions Femoral Shaft Nonunions Distal Femoral Nonunions Tibial Nonunions Tips and Tricks Complications Pearls Outcomes 7 Treatment Strategy for Malunion Discovering the Etiology (Failure Analysis) Review of Basic Principles Contributing Categories Management Characterizing the Deformity Coronal or Frontal Plane Sagittal Plane Axial/Horizontal Plane Nonoperative Treatment Management Indications for Surgical Treatment Preoperative Planning for Correction Basic Guidelines for Defining the Surgical Approach for Malunion Management Surgical Treatment Surgical Approach Options Case Example : Bringing It All Together Outcomes Surgeon Preoperative Evaluation Complications Surgeon Operative Plan Tips and Tricks Pearls 8 Treatment of Fractures in Geriatric Patients Demographics Mortality High-Energy Trauma Low -Energy Trauma Treatment Setting Triage Criteria for Trauma Patients Mechanisms of Injury Physiology and Comorbidities Osteoporosis Medications Associated with Osteoporosis Secondary Prevention of Fractures Preoperative Management STOPP Criteria: These Drugs Should Not Be Prescribed The Need for a Cardiology Consultation Principles of the Geriatric Fracture Center Fluid Management Anesthesia Considerations Timing of Surgery Orthopaedic Management Early Total Care Damage-Control Orthopaedics Periarticular Fractures Periprosthetic Fractures Implants Timing of Surgery Complications and Adverse Events Soft Tissues Heart Surviving the Night Kidney Liver Infection Delirium Outcomes Pearls and Pitfalls Conclusion 9 Injuries to the Cervicocranium Nonoperative Treatment General Concepts Injury Classification and Indications for Surgical Treatment Occipital Condyle Fractures Craniocervical Dissociation Fractures of the Atlas Distraction Injuries Neural Arch Fractures of the Axis (Traumatic Spondylolisthesis or Hangman’s Fractures) Surviving the Night Surgical Treatment General Concepts Approaches Specific Procedures Tips and Tricks New Technology Postoperative Care Outcomes and Complications Injury-Specific Outcomes and Complications Treatment-Specific Outcomes and Complications Pearls 10 Lower Cervical Spine Injuries Injury Evaluation and Classification Nonoperative Treatment Indications for Surgical Treatment General Indications Facet Joint Dislocation Neurologic De cit Burst and Teardrop Fractures Stability Floating Lateral Mass Fractures Initial Management of Lower Cervical Spine Subluxations and Dislocations Tips and Tricks Surgical Treatment General Considerations Facet Joint Fracture-Dislocations Tips and Tricks Floating Lateral Mass Fractures Pearls Outcomes Ankylosing Spondylitis Factors That Influence Outcome Complications 11 Thoracic Spine Injuries Anatomy and Biomechanics Injury Patterns and Classification Neurologic Injury Current Treatment Options Nonoperative Treatment Operative Treatment of Thoracic Fractures: Overview Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty Posterior Surgery Anterior Thoracic Approach Complications Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks Pearls 12 Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Spine Injuries Classification Nonoperative Treatment Compression Fractures Burst Fractures Fracture-Dislocations Indications for Surgical Treatment Compression Fractures Flexion-Distraction Injuries Burst Fractures Flexion-Distraction Injuries Fracture-Dislocations Surviving the Night Surgical Treatment Reduction and Stabilization of Spinal Deformity Surgical Approaches Neurologic Decompression Surgical Techniques Complications Pearls Tips and Tricks 13 Shoulder Girdle Injuries Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation Combined Tossy and Allman Classification of Acromioclavicular Joint Separation Clinical Assessment Classification Surviving the Night Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Tips and Tricks: AC Ligament Scapula Fractures Classification Complications Ideberg Classification Modi ed by Mayo et al49 Clinical Evaluation Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks: Approaches Outcomes Fractures of the Clavicle Classification Allman’s Classification of Fractures of the Clavicle Complications Neer’s Classification of Fractures of the Distal Third of the Clavicle Pearl Surgical Treatment Surviving the Night Outcomes Tips and Tricks: Clavicle Complications 14 Proximal Humerus Fractures and Shoulder Dislocations Classification Fractures of the Proximal Humerus Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks Outcomes of Proximal Humeral Fractures Complications Dislocations of the Glenohumeral Joint Classification New Techniques Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Complications Pearls Outcomes 15 Humeral Shaft Fractures Coaptation Splinting Nonoperative Treatment General Concepts Functional Bracing Hanging Arm Casts Injury Classification Indications for Surgical Treatment Failure to Maintain Appropriate Alignment Other Nonoperative Treatment Methods Open Fractures Neurovascular Injuries Associated Articular Injuries Surviving the Night Polytrauma Patients Impending Pathological Fractures Surgical Treatment General Concepts Surgical Techniques: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Plates Surgical Technique : Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) of the Humerus Outcomes and Complications Malunion Nonunion Neurovascular Complications Treatment-Specific Outcomes and Complications Tips and Tricks Pearls 16 Distal Humeral Fractures Classification Tips and Tricks Nonoperative Treatment Indications for Surgical Treatment Physical Examination Radiographic Evaluation Tips and Tricks Surviving the Night Considerations in Planning Surgical Treatment Principles of Surgical Approaches Surgical Treatment General Concepts Surgical Approaches Tips and Tricks Fracture Reduction and Fixation Tips and Tricks Outcomes After Distal Humerus Fracture Postoperative Care Tips and Tricks Complications Failure of Fixation Infection Nonunion Ulnar Neuropathy Stiffness Complications Related to the Olecranon Osteotomy Heterotopic Ossification Pearls 17 Elbow Trauma Anatomy Radial Head Fractures Classification Surgical Treatment Nonoperative Treatment Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks Outcomes Pearls Complications Simple Elbow Dislocations Classification Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks Outcomes Elbow Fracture-Dislocations: Elbow Dislocation with Fracture of the Radial Head Pearls Nonoperative Treatment Surviving the Night Surgical Treatment Tips and Tricks Elbow Fracture-Dislocations: Coronoid Fracture-Dislocations Outcomes Classification Elbow Dislocation with Fractures of the Coronoid and Radial Head (Terrible Triad) Pearls Varus Posteromedial Rotational Instability Pattern Injuries Pearls Pearl Olecranon Fractures Nonoperative Treatment Classification Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks Outcomes Fracture-Dislocations of the Olecranon Classification Surgical Treatment Pearls Outcomes Complications 18 Forearm Fractures Nonoperative Treatment Indications Classification Functional Bracing of Isolated Ulnar Fractures Reduction and Casting Techniques Surgical Treatment Indications Surviving the Night General Principles Preoperative Planning Positioning and Draping Imaging Surgical Anatomy and Choice of Surgical Approach Surgical Techniques Tips and Tricks Rehabilitation Outcomes Complications Pearls 19 Distal Radius Fractures Epidemiology Anatomy Radiographic Evaluation Classification Pearls Surgical Treatment Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks Associated Soft Tissue Injuries Associated Distal Ulna Fractures Outcomes of Distal Radius Fractures Complications What’s New Conclusion 20 Carpal Fractures and Dislocations Carpal Instability Classification Nonoperative Treatment Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks Complications Outcomes Scaphoid Fractures Pearls Diagnosis Surgical Treatment Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks Outcomes Other Carpal Fractures 21 Hand Fractures and Dislocations Fractures of the Distal Phalanx Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Tips and Tricks Fractures of the Extra-Articular Proximal and Middle Phalanx Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Tips and Tricks Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fractures and Dislocations Dorsal Dislocation of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Surgical Treatment Nonoperative Treatment Tips and Tricks Condylar Fractures of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Nonoperative Treatment Metacarpophalangeal Joint Dislocations Surgical Treatment Base Fractures and Carpometacarpal Fracture-Dislocations Metacarpal Fractures Nonoperative Treatment Operative Treatment Surgical Technique Postoperative Management Tips and Tricks Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Surviving the Night Pearls 22 Pelvic Ring Injuries Classification and Anatomy Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Indications Surviving the Night Anterior Ring Injuries Posterior Ring Injuries New Techniques Rehabilitation Tips and Tricks Outcomes Complications Pearls 23 Acetabular Fractures Classification The Six Acetabular Lines Visible on an Anteroposterior Hip Radiograph The Acetabular Fracture Classification of Letournel and Judet Surgical Treatment Indications Surviving the Night Surgical Anatomy and Approaches Surgical Techniques Rehabilitation Tips and Tricks New Techniques Outcomes Quality of Fracture Reduction Radiographic and Clinical Results of Operatively Treated Acetabular Fractures Results of Operative Fixation of Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures Results Following Delayed or Revision Fixation of Acetabular Fractures Functional Outcomes Infection Complications Deep Vein Thrombosis Neurologic Injury Posttraumatic Arthritis Vascular Injury Avascular Necrosis Heterotopic Ossification Pearls 24 Hip Dislocations and Associated Fractures of the Femoral Head Classification Nonoperative Treatment Closed Reduction of Posterior Hip Dislocation Closed Reduction of Anterior or Inferior Hip Dislocation Operative Treatment Surviving the Night Approaches Outcomes Tips and Tricks Complications New Technique Pearls 25 Femoral Neck Fractures Classification Nonoperative Management Implant Selection Surgical Indications Surviving the Night Principles of Treating Elderly Patients Hemiarthroplasty Surgical Anatomy Osseous Anatomy Vascular Anatomy Tips and Tricks Kocher-Langenbeck Smith-Petersen (Fig. 25.10) Heuter Approach Surgical Techniques Closed Reduction with Percutaneous Fixation (with or Without Capsulotomy) Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Tips and Tricks Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Femoral Shaft Fractures Tips and Tricks Arthroplasty Tips and Tricks Complications Medical Complications Fracture Nonunion Osteonecrosis Pearls 26 Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures Classification Surgical Treatment Indications Nonoperative Treatment Implants Surviving the Night Plate-and-Screw Fixation Cephalomedullary Fixation Technique : Dynamic Compression (Gamma Class) Technique Impaction Class Technique : Reconstruction Class Technique : Linear Compression (Intertan Class) Outcomes Mortality Functional Outcomes Complications Medical Complications Psychosocial Complications Nonunion, Implant Mechanical Failure, and Bone Implant Interface Failure : A Spectrum Thromboembolic Complications Pearls Tips and Tricks 27 Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures Classification Nonoperative Management Surgical Treatment Indications Surviving the Night Intramedullary Nails Plates Surgical Technique Tips and Tricks Rehabilitation Outcomes Tips and Tricks Complications Pearls 28 Femoral Shaft Fractures Classification Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Indications Surviving the Night Surgical Anatomy Treatment Options Surgical Technique Special Considerations Tips and Tricks New Techniques Complications Outcomes Infection Refracture Delayed Union/Nonunion Missed Injuries Prominent Hardware Malunion Compartment Syndrome Nerve Injury Heterotopic Ossification New Horizons Atypical Femur Fracture Pearls 29 Distal Femur Fractures Nonoperative Treatment Classification Surgical Treatment Indications Surgical Anatomy Surviving the Night Surgical Techniques Rehabilitation Tips and Tricks New Techniques Outcomes Complications Pearls 30 Patella Fractures and Injuries to the Knee Extensor Mechanism Patella Fractures Classification Nonoperative Management Surgical Treatment Surviving the Night Rehabilitation Tips and Tricks New Techniques Outcomes Complications Injuries to the Knee Extensor Mechanism Nonoperative Treatment Surviving the Night Surgical Treatment Tips and Tricks Rehabilitation New Techniques Pearls Outcome Complications 31 Knee Dislocations and Ligamentous Injuries Classification Nonoperative Treatment Techniques Surgical Treatment Indications and Treatment Algorithm Surviving the Night Anatomy Posteromedial Approach to the Knee Posterolateral Approach to the Knee Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with a Quadrupled Semitendinosus Modi ed Two-Tailed Reconstruction of the Posterolateral Corner Lateral Posterolateral Reconstruction Posteromedial Complex Reconstruction External Fixation-Immobilization Tips and Tricks Rehabilitation Outcomes Reconstruction Versus Nonoperative Treatment Instability Pain Range of Motion Return to Work Complications Return to Sports or Recreation Outcome Scores Pearls 32 Tibial Plateau Fractures Classification Evaluation and Management Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Indications Surviving the Night (Fig. 32.7) Indications and Techniques for Temporary Knee-Spanning External Fixation Relevant Surgical Anatomy Surgical Approaches Operative Reduction and Fracture Fixation Techniques Patient Positioning and Operating Room Setup Surgical Technique Alternative Techniques Fracture-Dislocation of the Knee Reduction Adjuncts Fixation Adjuncts New Techniques New Fracture Classification Based on the Schatzker Classification Tips and Tricks Outcomes Complications Pearls 33 Tibial Shaft Fractures Classification Nonoperative Treatment Technique for a Tibial Shaft Fracture Surgical Treatment Indications Surviving the Night Surviving the Night ( ) Surgical and Radiographic Anatomy Surgical Techniques Outcomes The Mangled Extremity Complications Knee Pain Nonunion Infection Tips and Tricks Pearls 34 Distal Tibia Fractures Classification Nonoperative Treatment General Approach to Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Surgical Treatment Surgical Anatomy Indications Surgical Approaches and Techniques Equipment Used for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Pilon Fractures Rehabilitation and Postoperative Management Alternative or Newer Techniques Tips and Tricks Outcomes Complications Pearls 35 Ankle Fractures and Dislocations Fracture Assessment and Decision Making Classification Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Indications Surviving the Night Timing of Surgery Functional and Surgical Anatomy Examination Implants Preoperative Care and Planning Operative Setup Isolated Lateral Malleolus Fractures Tips and Tricks Medial Malleolus Fractures Bimalleolar Fractures Tips and Tricks: Medial Malleolar Fixation Posterior Malleolus Fractures Tips and Tricks: Bimalleolar Fractures Tips and Tricks: Posterior Malleolar Fixation Syndesmosis Injury Tips and Tricks: Syndesmosis Screw Fixation Open Fractures Ankle Fractures in Osteoporotic Bone Ankle Fractures in Diabetic Patients Postoperative Management Nonunion Complications Wound Problems and Infection Malunion Arthritis Osteochondral Fracture Stiffness Symptomatic Hardware Outcomes Neurapraxia or Neuroma Ankle Dislocations Pearls 36 Foot Fractures Biomechanics Talus Fractures Anatomy Talar Neck Fractures Classification Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Surviving the Night Tips and Tricks Outcomes Complications Talar Body Fractures Classification Nonoperative Treatment Tips and Tricks Talar Head Fractures Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Complications and Outcomes Tips and Tricks Complications and Outcomes Surgical Treatment Posterior Process Talus Fractures Tips and Tricks Nonoperative Treatment Complications and Outcomes Initial Evaluation Calcaneus Fractures Management of the Soft Tissues Classification Surgical Treatment Nonoperative Treatment Open Calcaneus Fractures Outcomes Complications Tips and Tricks Nonoperative Treatment Navicular Fractures Surgical Treatment Classification Fractures of the Cuboid Complications and Outcomes Classification Tips and Tricks Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Complications Pearls Outcomes Classification Tarsometatarsal Joint Injuries Nonoperative Treatment Surgical Treatment Tips and Tricks Complications Pearls Outcomes Metatarsal Fractures First Metatarsal Second Through Fourth Metatarsals Fifth Metatarsal Second Through Fifth Metatarsophalangeal Joints Metatarsophalangeal Joint Injuries First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Lesser Toes New Techniques The updated edition reflects recent advances in orthopaedic traumatology and a wealth of evidence-based, clinical expertise from world-class surgeons. It expands on the award-winning 2007 edition, with a more extensive video library that is notable in depth and breadth. The expertly written and richly illustrated text, coupled with the remarkable video compilation, enable surgeons to augment skills, overcome challenges, perfect surgical techniques, and successfully manage even the most complex cases.

Master orthopaedic surgeons present state-of-the art approaches for treating traumatic injuries that range from those that are life-threatening to the more routine. Throughout 36 chapters and professionally produced videos, cutting-edge concepts and step-by-step guidance are provided on the following:

• Clinical evaluation
• Injury classification
• Standardized guidelines
• Non-operative methods
• Indications for surgical treatment
• Current surgical techniques
• Comorbidities, potential hazards, and complications
• Clinical pearls, tips and tricks
• Surviving the night
• Outcome data
• Case studies

Key Highlights:

• More than 150 high-quality surgical videos are a superb learning tool, providing ample opportunity to watch, listen, and acquire new insights from orthopaedic experts as they perform a wide array of surgeries
• Videos detail surgical procedures from preoperative planning and patient positioning to suturing the skin, featuring personalized commentary that delivers one-on-one training
• More than 1,500 first-rate illustrations, diagrams, and radiographic studies

This impressive, multimedia resource is an invaluable, must-have tool for orthopaedic surgeons, emergency room physicians, and residents who treat patients with traumatic skeletal injuries. It also provides a fundamental resource for board-exam preparation.