Surface Engineering : Methods and Applications

Surface engineering is considered an important aspect in the reduction of friction and wear. This reference text discusses a wide range of surface engineering technologies along with applications in a comprehensive manner. The book describes various methods in surface engineering technology with a thorough explanation of various aspects of each process that comes under this domain. Apart from an enhanced explanation of the process and its attributes, this book also gives insight into the types of materials, applications, and optimization of surface engineering techniques. It discusses important topics including surface engineering of the functionality of graded materials, materials characterization, processing of biomaterials, design, surface modification technologies and process control, smart manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning applications. The book • discusses computational and simulation analyses for better selection of process parameters. • covers optimizations of processes with state-of-the-art technologies. • discusses applications of surface engineering in medical, agricultural, architecture engineering, and allied sectors. • covers processing techniques of biomaterials in surface engineering. The text is useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers working in diverse areas such as industrial and production engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science, and manufacturing science. It covers a hybrid process for surface modification, modeling techniques, and issues in surface engineering. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Editors Contributors Chapter 1: Surface engineering: Redefining surface in global perspective 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Journey of surface engineering 1.3 Engineering properties of surface engineering 1.4 Types of surface engineering 1.5 Simulation in surface engineering 1.6 Summary References Chapter 2: Tribological hybrid materials 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Concept of tribology 2.2 Tribology and surface engineering 2.2.1 Materials used in tribological applications 2.2.1.1 Biomaterials 2.2.1.2 Nanomaterials 2.2.1.3 Smart materials 2.3 Tribological hybrid material 2.3.1 Metallic hybrid material 2.3.1.1 Aluminium-based hybrid material 2.3.1.2 Copper-based hybrid material 2.3.1.3 Molybdenum-based hybrid material 2.3.1.4 Magnesium-based hybrid material 2.3.2 Ceramic-based hybrid material 2.3.2.1 Carbide-based hybrid material 2.3.2.2 Oxide-based hybrid material 2.3.2.3 Nitride-based hybrid material 2.3.3 Polymeric-based hybrid material 2.3.3.1 Epoxy-based hybrid material 2.3.3.2 PEEK-based hybrid materials 2.3.3.3 Polyimide-based hybrid material 2.3.3.4 PMMA-based hybrids 2.3.4 Fibre-reinforced hybrid materials 2.3.4.1 Natural-fibre-reinforced hybrid material 2.3.4.2 Synthetic-fibre-reinforced hybrid material 2.3.5 Miscellaneous hybrid materials 2.4 Modelling concept of hybrid material 2.4.1 Taguchi method 2.4.2 Artificial neural networks 2.4.3 Response surface methodology 2.4.4 Linear regression model 2.5 Applications 2.6 Conclusion References Chapter 3: Nanotechnology and Surface Engineering 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Processing techniques for surface engineering 3.2.1 Plasma surface treatments 3.2.2 Chemical vapor deposition 3.2.3 Physical vapor deposition 3.2.4 Laser surface modification 3.2.5 Shot peening 3.2.6 Electroplating 3.3 Nanotechnology and surface engineering 3.4 Characterization techniques for surface engineering 3.4.1 Nanoindentation 3.4.2 Wear test 3.4.3 Electron microscopy 3.4.4 X-ray diffraction 3.5 Applications of surface engineering 3.6 Market and research trends in surface engineering 3.7 Future of surface engineering References Chapter 4: Surface engineering of nanomaterials: Processing and applications 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Surface engineering approach for NM fabrication 4.2.1 CVD and ALD 4.2.2 Wet-chemistry-based surface modification 4.2.3 Electrochemical or electrophoretic surface modification 4.2.4 Glancing angle deposition 4.3 NMs surround our daily lives 4.3.1 Energy storage: an emerging trend in surface engineering of nanomaterials 4.3.2 SEI control through surface engineering 4.3.2.1 SEI: characterization 4.3.3 Chemical passivation 4.4 Influence of surface engineering on the mechanical properties 4.5 Surface engineering: future perspectives 4.5.1 Prevention of microcracks 4.5.2 Prevention of polysulfide shuttling 4.5.3 Prevention of dendritic growth for metal anodes 4.6 Conclusions References Chapter 5: Laser surface modification of metal additive manufactured parts: A case study of ex-situ and in-situ methodology 5.1 Introduction to additive manufacturing 5.2 Different types of additive manufacturing processes 5.2.1 Binder jetting 5.2.2 Directed energy deposition 5.2.3 Material extrusion 5.2.4 Material jetting 5.2.5 Powder bed fusion 5.2.6 Sheet lamination 5.2.7 Vat photopolymerization 5.3 Post-processing in metal AM 5.3.1 Support removal 5.3.2 Surface texture improvements 5.3.3 Aesthetic improvements 5.3.4 Property enhancements 5.4 Laser surface finishing for metal additive manufactured parts 5.5 Types of laser surface modification/polishing 5.5.1 Surface modification/polishing by the mechanism of large area ablation 5.5.2 Surface modification/polishing by localized ablation 5.5.3 Surface modification/polishing by re-melting 5.5.3.1 Macropolishing 5.5.3.2 Micropolishing 5.6 Mechanism of laser polishing: the state of the art 5.7 First case study: ex-situ laser surface re- melting of metal additive manufactured parts 5.7.1 Materials and methods 5.7.2 Results and discussions 5.8 Second case study: in-situ laser surface re-melting by DMLS process 5.8.1 Materials and methods 5.8.2 Results and discussions 5.9 Conclusion References Chapter 6: Review of materials and methods in 3D printing 6.1 Introduction 6.2 3D printing materials 6.3 Methods of additive manufacturing 6.4 Steps involved in 3D printing techniques 6.5 Conclusion References Chapter 7: The framework of combining artificial intelligence with additive manufacturing 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Need for intelligent systems in additive manufacturing techniques 7.3 Integration of AI and AM techniques 7.4 Artificial intelligence system for 3D printing 7.5 Conclusion References Chapter 8: A review of metallic deposition in polymer substrate using cold spray additive manufacturing approach 8.1 Introduction 8.2 CSAM approach in polymeric substrate 8.3 Conclusions and future work References Chapter 9: Anodization of implantable metal and alloy surfaces: Purpose and scope 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Effect of process parameters 9.3 Anodization of metallic implants 9.4 Other applications of anodization 9.5 Summary 9.6 Conclusions References Chapter 10: Effect of surface treatment of cenospheres on the mechanical properties of cenosphere/recycled-PET composites 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Materials and methods 10.2.1 Materials 10.2.2 Surface treatment of cenospheres 10.2.3 Specimen preparation 10.2.4 Mechanical characterization 10.3 Results and discussions 10.3.1 Flexural properties of r-PET/FAC composites 10.3.2 Flexural properties of r-PET/T-FAC composites 10.4 Conclusions References Chapter 11: Effects of performance parameters, surface failure and mitigation techniques on steam turbine blades 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Factors affecting the performance of a steam turbine 11.2.1 Inlet condition of steam 11.2.2 Material selection and working environment 11.2.3 Losses in turbine 11.3 Blade failure mechanisms, causes and mitigation techniques 11.3.1 Failure mechanisms and root causes 11.3.1.1 Corrosion and pitting 11.3.1.2 Fatigue, creep and vibration 11.3.1.3 Erosion and wear 11.3.2 Mitigation techniques 11.4 Conclusion References Chapter 12: Performance analysis of tidal turbine blades for different composite materials 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Materials 12.2.1 Structural steel 12.2.2 CFRP 12.2.3 GFRP 12.2.4 AFRP 12.3 Methodology 12.3.1 Von Mises stress 12.3.2 Total deformation 12.3.3 Normal stress 12.3.4 Modal analysis 12.3.5 Safety factor 12.4 Fatigue sensitivity 12.5 Normal stress versus elastic equivalent strain 12.6 Results and discussions 12.6.1 von Mises stress 12.6.2 Total deformation 12.6.3 Normal stress 12.6.4 Modal analysis 12.6.5 Safety factor 12.7 Conclusion References Chapter 13: Surface texturing for reducing sliding friction and wear under dry and lubricated conditions 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Experimental methods 13.2.1 Four-ball tester 13.2.2 Pin-on-disc setup 13.3 Results and discussion 13.3.1 Selection of lubricant 13.3.2 Sliding friction and wear 13.4 Conclusions References Chapter 14: Industry 5.0 for sustainable manufacturing: New product, services, organizational and social information 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Background of Industry 5.0 14.3 Role of smart manufacturing 14.4 Sustainable performance evaluation methods 14.5 Future impact of Industry 5.0 on the manufacturing system 14.6 Conclusions References Chapter 15: Surface modification of titanium for drug-eluting stents 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 Metal-based drug-eluting stent 15.1.1.1 Paclitaxel-eluting stent 15.1.1.2 Sirolimus-eluting stent 15.1.1.3 Everolimus-eluting stent 15.1.1.4 Zotarolimus-eluting stent 15.1.1.5 Biolimus A9-eluting stent 15.1.1.6 Tacrolimus-eluting stent 15.1.1.7 Novolimus-eluting stent 15.1.2 Disadvantages of metals used in drug-eluting stents 15.1.3 Drawbacks of titanium 15.1.4 Relationship between radiopacity and optical density 15.2 Surface engineering techniques 15.2.1 Surface modification with chemical treatment 15.2.2 Surface coating with polymers 15.2.2.1 Model of optical parameters 15.2.2.1.1 Zero-order 15.2.2.1.2 First-order 15.2.2.1.3 Higuchi model 15.2.2.1.4 Korsmeyer–Peppas model 15.2.2.1.5 Ritger–Peppas model 15.3 Post-clinical advantages 15.3.1 Optical and electrical conductivity property 15.3.2 Drug elution property 15.4 Summary References Chapter 16: Dry sliding wear behaviour of HVOF-sprayed cermet coatings (CrC-NiCr, WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr) using statistical analysis and ANN models 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Materials and method 16.2.1 Substrate material 16.2.2 Feedstock materials for coating 16.2.3 High-velocity oxy fuel 16.2.4 Microstructure analysis of coating 16.2.5 Dry sliding wear test 16.2.6 Experimental plan 16.3 Results and discussion 16.3.1 Statistical analysis 16.3.2 ANN modelling 16.4 Conclusion References Index "The text covers surface engineering techniques, materials selection, processing, and applications in a single volume. It will be a useful reference text for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers working in areas such as mechanical engineering, industrial and production engineering, and materials science"-- Provided by publisher