Sun Protection in Man (Volume 3) (Comprehensive Series in Photosciences, Volume 3)

"Sun Protection in Man" looks at the beneficial and harmful effects of solar radiation. The physiological consequences of sun exposure have been systematically studied starting at the end of the nineteenth century and we now have accumulated knowledge about how Caucasian and Asian skins reacts to solar radiation. The chemical effects of solar ultraviolet radiation have been analyzed with particular emphasis during the second half of the twentieth century. Research on micro-organisms has allowed us to understand the mechanisms of UV-induced mutagenesis and photosensitization. Studies with laboratory rodents have opened the path to the understanding of UV-induced immune-depression, carcinogenesis, photo-damage and photo-aging. The results of these studies have enabled other scientists to investigate the same phenomena in human organs such as the skin and the eye. UV radiation damages hair, as well. The present knowledge in these fields is summarized in some of the chapters of this monograph. Mass phenomenon in Europe with the generalization of summer vacations which were a consequence of social reforms introducing the concept of "paid vacations". This created a need for protection and opened a market for sunscreens. This monograph is concerned with sun protection as a whole and is not just "another book on sunscreens". Nonetheless, in these days of general concern, it is important to learn about the efficiency of sunscreens. Several authors discuss how to reduce the number of impinging photons and explain why sunscreens seem to offer less protection than expected. Guidelines are given on how to use sunscreens in everyday life, which are expressed rigorously though clearly, for access to the common reader. Our knowledge on the relationship between sun and humans is at the early stages of development. Industrial and commercial activities are concerned by the development of this knowledge, and rules have been and will be promulgated to guarantee efficacy and safety of sun-products. It is hoped that this monograph will be of interest to the scholar, the layman and the legislator. Cover......Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 20 Chapter 1. Women (and men) and the sun in the past......Page 24 Chapter 2. A perspective on the beneficial effects of moderate exposure to sunlight: bone health, cancer prevention, mental health and well being......Page 34 Chapter 3. The negative effects of solar radiation: a clinical overview......Page 62 Chapter 4. The effects of sunlight on the skin of Asians......Page 92 Chapter 5. Effects of solar radiation on the human immune system......Page 114 Chapter 6. The negative effects of solar and artificial irradiation: photoaging of the skin, its clinical appearance and underlying mechanisms......Page 138 Chapter 7. The epidemiology of solar radiation and skin cancer......Page 154 Chapter 8. Hazards of sunlight exposure to the eye......Page 178 Chapter 9. Photodegradation of human hair: a microscopy study......Page 198 Chapter 10. UV damage to nucleic acid components......Page 230 Chapter 11. Lipid photooxidative damage in biological membranes: reaction mechanisms, cytotoxic consequences, and defense strategies......Page 254 Chapter 12. Photo-oxidation of proteins and its consequences......Page 274 Chapter 13. Erythema, a link between UV-induced DNA damage, cell death and clinical effects?......Page 300 Chapter 14. UV radiation, mutations and oncogenic pathways in skin cancer......Page 310 Chapter 15. Modulation of gene expression by solar ultraviolet radiation......Page 326 Chapter 16. Cytotoxicity and morphological endpoints of exposure to UV: cultured cells as a model system......Page 344 Chapter 17. Drug-induced skin phototoxicity: lessons from the fluoroquinolones......Page 360 Chapter 18. UV-induced pigmentation in human skin......Page 380 Chapter 19. Nucleotide excision repair of UV-radiation induced photolesions in human cells......Page 400 Chapter 20. Natural defence against ultraviolet radiation: the role of heat shock proteins......Page 416 Chapter 21. p53 protein and the response of human skin to UV......Page 430 Chapter 22. Effects of solar radiation on detoxification mechanisms in the skin......Page 442 Chapter 23. Eye protection from sunlight damage......Page 460 Chapter 24. Artificial protection against solar radiation „ fabrics......Page 480 Chapter 25. Self tanning......Page 510 Chapter 26. Photochemical and photophysical properties of sunscreens......Page 518 Chapter 27. Sunscreens: use and misuse......Page 544 Chapter 28. Sunscreens: practical applications......Page 558 Chapter 29. Protection against solar radiation „ protective properties of antioxidants......Page 584 Chapter 30. Systemic photoprotection Dietary intervention and therapy......Page 596 Chapter 31. Enhancement of repair of UV damage in humans......Page 616 Chapter 32. Boosting the immune system......Page 636 Chapter 33. Skin pigmentation enhancers......Page 660 Chapter 34. Metabolic effects of solar radiation and enhancers of energy metabolism......Page 700 Chapter 35. Sunlamps and sunbeds: safety and regulatory issues......Page 714 Chapter 36. Solar radiation at the Earth's surface......Page 728 Index......Page 762 "Sun Protection in Man" looks at the beneficial and harmful effects of solar radiation. The physiological consequences of sun exposure have been systematically studied starting at the end of the nineteenth century and we now have accumulated knowledge about how Caucasian and Asian skins reacts to solar radiation. The chemical effects of solar ultraviolet radiation have been analyzed with particular emphasis during the second half of the twentieth century. Research on micro-organisms has allowed us to understand the mechanisms of UV-induced mutagenesis and photosensitization. Studies with laboratory rodents have opened the path to the understanding of UV-induced immune-depression, carcinogenesis, photo-damage and photo-aging. The results of these studies have enabled other scientists to investigate the same phenomena in human organs such as the skin and the eye. UV radiation damages hair, as well. The present knowledge in these fields is summarized in some of the chapters of this monograph. Mass phenomenon in Europe with the generalization of summer vacations which were a consequence of social reforms introducing the concept of "paid vacations". This created a need for protection and opened a market for sunscreens. This monograph is concerned with sun protection as a whole and is not just "another book on sunscreens". Nonetheless, in these days of general concern, it is important to learn about the efficiency of sunscreens. Several authors discuss how to reduce the number of impinging photons and explain why sunscreens seem to offer less protection than expected. Guidelines are given on how to use sunscreens in everyday life, which are expressed rigorously though clearly, for access to the common reader. Our knowledge on the relationship between sun and humans is at the early stages of development. Industrial and commercial activities are concerned by the development of this knowledge, and rules have been and will be promulgated to guarantee efficacy and saf ety of sun-products. It is hoped that this monograph will be of interest to the scholar, the layman and the legislator __Sun Protection in Man__Mass phenomenon in Europe with the generalization of summer vacations which were a consequence of social reforms introducing the concept of paid vacations. This created a need for protection and opened a market for sunscreens.This monograph is concerned with sun protection as a whole and is not just another book on sunscreens. Nonetheless, in these days of general concern, it is important to learn about the efficiency of sunscreens. Several authors discuss how to reduce the number of impinging photons and explain why sunscreens seem to offer less protection than expected. Guidelines are given on how to use sunscreens in everyday life, which are expressed rigorously though clearly, for access to the common reader.Our knowledge on the relationship between sun and humans is at the early stages of development. Industrial and commercial activities are concerned by the development of this knowledge, and rules have been and will be promulgated to guarantee efficacy and safety of sun-products. It is hoped that this monograph will be of interest to the scholar, the layman and the legislator. Knowledge of history is generally accepted to be necessary to help avoiding the repetition of the errors of the past.