Successful Innovation Systems: A Resource-oriented and Regional Perspective for Policy and Practice (Future of Business and Finance)

This book places a central question: why are some regions in the world more successful in innovation than others? It aims to increase readers ́ understanding of how innovation processes are accelerated or hindered by regional characteristics. A deep dive into differences of innovation ecosystems across global regions will provide a detailed mosaic of strengths and weaknesses. The audience will also learn to assess the resources and elements of regional innovation systems and to compare and contrast structures and processes in innovation management in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The speciality of the book lies in its focus on the patterns that are behind the development of many successful innovation regions and it defines the ingredients for right planning and policy development. Successful Innovation Systems Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables Part I: Introducing the Framework 1: Launch Pad 1.1 The Essence 1.2 Diving into the Topic 1.3 Resources in Global Innovation Ecosystems 1.3.1 Flexibility/Availability 1.3.2 Importance/Impact 1.3.3 Discussion and Structure 2: Human Capital 2.1 Human Capital as the Foundation of Innovation 2.2 Education and Skills 2.3 Beliefs and Mindset 2.4 Tolerance 2.5 Migration and International Connectivity 2.5.1 Immigration and Emigration 2.5.2 International Connectivity 2.6 Quality of Life 2.7 Soil for the Seed: Ideas Born in Rebelling Intellectuals 3: Finance Capital, Market, and Policy 3.1 Finance Capital 3.1.1 Risk Capital 3.1.2 Bank Loans 3.2 Market and Demand 3.3 Policy and Regulation 3.3.1 Policy and Strategy 3.3.2 Regulation and Its Advisers 3.3.3 Legal Advisers 4: Infrastructure and Institutions 4.1 Physical Infrastructure 4.1.1 Infrastructure for Research 4.1.2 Infrastructure for Living and Working: And the Third Space 4.1.3 Infrastructure for Mobility 4.2 Nonphysical Infrastructure 4.2.1 Social Infrastructure: Community, Network, Teams, and Media 4.2.2 Digital Infrastructure 4.2.3 Intangible Infrastructure 4.3 Institutions 4.3.1 Landscape of Institutions 4.3.2 Governance and Lead Printing 4.3.3 Public Administration Far Away 5: Management of Resources and Lessons Learned 5.1 Ecodynamics: Development Levels of Innovation Regions 5.1.1 Snooze 5.1.2 Wake-Up 5.1.3 Warm-Up 5.1.4 Run 5.1.5 Aging 5.1.6 Momentary Dynamics 5.2 The Power of Priorities: Investing in Resources 5.2.1 Flexibility 5.2.2 Importance 5.2.3 Combination of Flexibility and Importance 5.3 Outlook 5.4 Lessons Learned: Executive Citations 5.4.1 Executive Citations Part II: Learning from Successful Innovation Regions 6: Bangalore Innovation System 6.1 Why Bangalore as an Innovation Ecosystem? 6.2 Why India for Startups 6.3 How Did Bangalore Become an Innovation Hot Spot? 6.4 What Is the Cultural Pattern of the Bangalore Ecosystem? 6.5 Facts and Figures Bangalore Innovation System 6.6 SWOT Analysis of the Bangalore Innovation Ecosystem 6.7 Strategy and Implementation 7: Berlin Innovation System 7.1 Berlin Innovation System Overview 7.2 Innovation Policy of the Berlin State Government 7.3 SWOT Analysis of the Berlin Innovation Ecosystem 7.4 Input Indicators: Strong but Driven by Public Funding 7.4.1 Publicly Funded Research and Educational Institutions: A Big Asset 7.4.2 Universities: Attractive for German and Foreign Students 7.4.3 RandD Activities: Driven by Publicly Funded Institutions 7.5 Output Indicators 7.6 Startups: The Strong Pillar of the Berlin Innovation Ecosystem 7.7 The Future of the Startup Metropolis Berlin 8: Medellín Innovation System 8.1 Medellín as the Most Innovative City in the World 8.2 Facts and Figures of the Innovation Ecosystem in Medellín 8.2.1 Investment in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Activities 8.2.2 Investment in Research and Development Activities (RandD) 8.3 Institutional Actors in the Medellín Innovation System 8.3.1 Main Institutions of the Financial System 8.4 SWOT Analysis Medellín 8.5 Strategy and Implementation in Medellín ́s Innovation System 8.6 Lessons Learned from Medellín ́s Innovation System 9: Moscow Innovation System 9.1 Introduction to the Moscow Innovation System 9.2 Cultural Characteristics of the Moscow Innovation System 9.3 Facts and Figures in the Moscow Innovation System 9.4 Institutional Players in the Moscow Innovation System 9.5 SWOT Analysis of the Moscow Innovation System 9.6 Strategy and Implementation 9.7 Lessons Learned from the Moscow Innovation System 10: Nairobi Innovation System 10.1 Development Milestones of the Nairobi Innovation Ecosystem 10.2 Culture and Mindset of Ecosystem Players 10.3 Facts and Figures in the Regional Economy 10.4 Institutional Players in the Nairobi Ecosystem 10.5 SWOT Analysis of the Nairobi Innovation Ecosystem 10.6 Strategy and Goals for Midterm Future Development? 10.7 Lessons Learned and Tools for Other Regions 11: New York Innovation System 11.1 Overview and Characteristics of the New York Ecosystem 11.2 Facts and Figures New York Innovation Ecosystem 11.2.1 The Data 11.2.2 Innovation Ecosystem Operators 11.2.3 Other Programs 11.2.4 Supportive Infrastructure 11.3 SWOT Analysis New York City 11.4 Economic and Political Strategy 11.4.1 Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic 11.4.2 Strategies and Policies 11.5 Lessons Learned 12: Shanghai Innovation System 12.1 Shanghai and Its Yangpu District 12.2 Facts and Figures in the Shanghai/Yangpu Innovation System 12.2.1 Yangpu District Location and Its Institutions 12.2.2 Yangpu and Its Neighboring Districts 12.2.3 Institutional Players in ``Knowledge Yangpu ́ ́ Area 12.2.4 Countermeasure 1: Innovation Source 12.2.5 Countermeasure 2: Innovation Direction 12.2.6 Countermeasure 3: Innovation Diffusion 12.2.7 Countermeasure 4: Innovation Atmosphere 12.3 SWOT Analysis Shanghai/Yangpu Region 12.4 Strategy and Implementation in Shanghai/Yangpu Region 12.4.1 Knowledge Yangpu Strategy 12.4.2 Implementation of the Knowledge Yangpu Strategy 12.5 Conclusions and Lessons Learned 13: Shenzhen Innovation System 13.1 Shenzhen and Its Historic Development 13.2 Cultural Characteristics in the Shenzhen Innovation System 13.3 Institutional Players in Shenzhen 13.4 Shenzhen Innovation System SWOT Analysis 13.4.1 Strengths 13.4.2 Weaknesses 13.4.3 Opportunities 13.4.4 Threats 13.5 Shenzhen Innovation System Strategy and Implementation 13.5.1 Market-Oriented Allocation of Factors 13.6 Lessons Learned from Shenzhen Innovation System 14: Silicon Valley Innovation System 14.1 Facts and Figures Silicon Valley 14.2 Silicon Valley Innovation Ecosystem Actors 14.3 Silicon Valley SWOT Analysis 14.4 Lessons Learned 15: Sofia Innovation System 15.1 Introduction to the Regional Innovation System Sofia 15.2 Innovation Inputs and Outputs in Sofia Innovation System 15.2.1 Institutions and the General Political Environment 15.2.2 Sofia Tech Park and Its Impact 15.2.3 Predictable Macroenvironment 15.2.4 Business-Friendly Tax Regime 15.3 Human Capital and Research 15.3.1 Leading Talent Pool 15.3.2 Scarcity of IT Specialists 15.4 Infrastructure in the Sofia Innovation System 15.5 Market Sophistication 15.5.1 High Integration in the EU and the World Economy 15.5.2 Growing Digital Maturity 15.5.3 Path Dependency from Communism 15.6 Culture 15.6.1 Diaspora and Returnees as Drivers of Cultural Change 15.7 Venture Capital 15.8 Business Sophistication 15.8.1 Early Adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) 15.8.2 A Hub for Brain Business Jobs 15.8.3 Negative Country-of-Origin Effect and Unsophisticated Local Buyers 15.9 Outcomes of Innovation Activity 15.9.1 Patents 15.9.2 Research 15.9.3 RandD Spending and Institutional Arrangement 15.9.4 Startups and Innovation-Driven Entrepreneurial Ventures 15.10 SWOT Analysis Sofia Innovation System 15.11 Lessons Learned from Sofia Innovation System 16: Tel Aviv Innovation System 16.1 History and Status Quo of the Tel Aviv Innovation Ecosystem 16.1.1 Historic Development 16.2 Facts and Figures in the Tel Aviv Innovation Ecosystem 16.2.1 Research and Education 16.2.2 Influencing Institutions 16.3 Tel Aviv SWOT Analysis Highlights 16.4 Strategy and Implementation in the Tel Aviv Ecosystem 16.4.1 Local-Level Strategy 16.4.2 National-Level Strategy 16.5 SWOT Table of the Tel Aviv Innovation Ecosystem 16.6 Lessons Learned from the Tel Aviv Innovation Ecosystem 17: Zurich Innovation System 17.1 Zurich Innovation Ecosystem Introduction 17.2 Zurich Facts and Figures 17.2.1 Input Indicators: Innovation Efforts in the Economy 17.2.2 Output Indicators: Innovation Success in the Economy 17.3 Zurich SWOT Analysis 17.4 Zurich Strategy and Implementation 17.5 Zurich Conclusions and Lessons Learned 17.5.1 Key Factors for the Regional Innovation Ecosystem