جایگزینی برای قدرت: پروپاگاندای بریتانیایی در زمان جنگ به بالکان، ۱۹۳۹–۴۴

The Second World War was waged across many fronts, economic, political and cultural as well as military. As might be expected in a conflict fuelled by ideology, the war of words and ideas played a central role in the larger conflict. As this book shows, propaganda - be it aimed at a sympathetic audience in enemy controlled lands, or the hostile population itself - was regarded by all sides as a fundamental part of the war effort, and one that received increasing, and increasingly sophisticated, attention.Focussing on the British propaganda effort directed towards the Balkans, the book begins with an introductory chapter on British wartime propaganda from both its home base and British-controlled Middle East. This is followed by two thematically broad chapters, one on British policy to the region, the other on evidence of a regional approach - and common themes - of British propaganda to the Balkans from the outbreak of the war to the German withdrawal. The remaining chapters provide a series of case-studies relating to British propaganda efforts directed towards the five pre-1939 states (except Turkey). These reveal much about Britain's overall approach to propaganda, as well as showing how the British tailored their efforts in response to supposed national characteristics of these countries. By uncovering not only the organisational tangle, the techniques and evolving aims of British wartime propaganda, but also its relation to military strategy and diplomacy, the set of beliefs about the region and its peoples, moral issues and planning for the post-war period the book provides a fascinating insight into the multiple meanings of propaganda and its effectiveness in specific wartime situations. British propaganda in World War II [Re]discovering the "Fourth" arm The organisational tangle Radio "Research units" Propaganda organisation in the Middle East : the SOE phase Propaganda organisation in the Middle East : PWE takes over Wartime British policy to the Balkans : an overview From caution to intervention The elusive come-back The dilemmas of Balkan resistance Communism and nationalism The Axis satellites The Soviet factor An assessment Regional themes Expert clichés Target groups Repertoire Resistance Channels of propaganda An assessment Albania British wartime policy British propaganda Dissemination and reception An assessment Bulgaria British wartime policy Propaganda during neutrality Propaganda after the entry of German troops The BBC "Black" propaganda An assessment Romania British wartime policy British propaganda before "Barbarossa" British Propaganda after "Barbarossa" The BBC "Black" propaganda British propaganda and Romanian émigrés An assessment Greece British wartime policy British propaganda during Greek neutrality British propaganda during Greek belligerence Propaganda after Axis occupation The dilemmas of resistance and civil war The dilemmas of liberation British propaganda and Greek national claims The BBC Criticism of BBC broadcasts The BBC Greek Service, the government-in-exile and the British Government-in-exile broadcasting "Black" broadcasting Leaflets An assessment Yugoslavia British wartime policy British propaganda until April 1941 Propaganda during the Axis occupation British propaganda, resistance and civil war: the ideological divide British propaganda, resistance and civil war : the ethnic divide The BBC Criticism of BBC broadcasts Government-in-exile propaganda "Black" propaganda An assessment Concluding remarks. The Second World War was waged across many fronts, economic, political and cultural as well as military. As might be expected in a conflict fuelled by ideology, the war of words and ideas played a central role in the larger conflict. As this book shows, propaganda - be it aimed at a sympathetic audience in enemy controlled lands, or the hostile population itself - was regarded by all sides as a fundamental part of the war effort, and one that received increasing, and increasingly sophisticated, attention. Focussing on the British propaganda effort directed towards the Balkans, the book begins with an introductory chapter on British wartime propaganda from both its home base and British-controlled Middle East. This is followed by two thematically broad chapters, one on British policy to the region, the other on evidence of a regional approach - and common themes - of British propaganda to the Balkans from the outbreak of the war to the German withdrawal. The remaining chapters provide a series of case-studies relating to British propaganda efforts directed towards the five pre-1939 states (except Turkey). These reveal much about Britain's overall approach to propaganda, as well as showing how the British tailored their efforts in response to supposed national characteristics of these countries. By uncovering not only the organisational tangle, the techniques and evolving aims of British wartime propaganda, but also its relation to military strategy and diplomacy, the set of beliefs about the region and its peoples, moral issues and planning for the post-war period the book provides a fascinating insight into the multiple meanings of propaganda and its effectiveness in specific wartime situations. Organised thematically and geographically, this book explores British wartime propaganda directed at the Balkans from the outbreak of the Second World War to the German withdrawal. It addresses not only the organisational tangle, techniques and evolving aims of British wartime propaganda, but also its relation to military strategy and diplomacy, revealing much about British beliefs about the region and its peoples, moral issues and planning for the post-war period Cover 1 Contents 6 Introductory Note 8 Abbreviations 12 1 British Propaganda in World War II 14 2 Wartime British Policy to the Balkans: An Overview 48 3 Regional Themes 70 4 Albania 96 5 Bulgaria 108 6 Romania 140 7 Greece 174 8 Yugoslavia 246 Concluding Remarks 316 Sources 320 Index 326