Subjectivity and Selfhood in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy (Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind (16))

This Book Is A Collection Of Studies On Topics Related To Subjectivity And Selfhood In Medieval And Early Modern Philosophy. The Individual Contributions Approach The Theme From A Number Of Angles Varying From Cognitive And Moral Psychology To Metaphysics And Epistemology. Instead Of A Complete Overview On The Historical Period, The Book Provides Detailed Glimpses Into Some Of The Most Important Figures Of The Period, Such As Augustine, Avicenna, Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz And Hume. The Questions Addressed Include The Ethical Problems Of The Location Of One's True Self And The Proper Distribution Of Labour Between Desire, Passion And Reason, And The Psychological Tasks Of Accounting For Subjective Experience And Self-knowledge And Determining Different Types Of Self-awareness. Introduction; Jari Kaukua And Tomas Ekenberg -- Chapter 1. Augustine On Second-order Desires And Passions; Tomas Ekenberg -- Chapter 2. The Augustinian Cogito And Materialist Theories Of Mind; Tamer Nawar -- Chapter 3. Losing Oneself, Finding Oneself: Perspectives From Islamic Intellectual History; Taneli Kukkonen -- Chapter 4. Avicenna On Non-conceptual Content And Self-awareness In Non-human Animals; Luis Xavier López-farjeat -- Chapter 5. Self, Agent, Soul: Abû Al-barakât Al-baghdâdî's Critical Reception Of Avicennian Psychology; Jari Kaukua -- Chapter 6. 'causa Sui': Awareness And Choice In The Constitution Of Self; Calvin Normore -- Chapter 7. Aping Logic? Albert The Great On Animal Mind And Action; Jörg Alejandro Tellkamp -- Chapter 8. Locating Human Subjectivity In Aquinas: Self-awareness, Freedom, And The Reflexivity Of Incorporeal Acts; Therese Scarpelli Cory -- Chapter 9. Subjective Experience And Self-knowledge: Chatton's Approach And Its Problems; Sonja Schierbaum -- Chapter 10. Self-awareness And Perception In Late Medieval Epistemology; José Filipe Silva -- Chapter 11. Beasts, Human Beings, Or Gods: Human Subjectivity In Medieval Political Philosophy; Juhana Toivanen -- Chapter 12. Martin Luther's Early Theological Anthropology: From Parts Of The Soul To The Human Person; Ilmari Karimies -- Chapter 13. A Bodily Sense Of Self In Descartes And Malebranche; Colin Chamberlain -- Chapter 14. A View From Nowhere? The Place Of Subjectivity In Spinoza's Rationalism; Julia Borcherding -- Chapter 15. Reflection And Rationality In Leibniz; Sebastian Bender -- Chapter 16. Hume's Self And The Appendix; Udo Thiel. Jari Kaukua, Tomas Ekenberg, Editors. Papers Presented At A Conference Held In University Of Uppsala In August, 2012. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Editors 6 Contents 8 Contributors 10 Introduction: Subjectivity and Selfhood in the History of Philosophy 11 Bibliography 16 Augustine on Second-Order Desires and Persons 18 Freedom and the Self 19 Second-Order Volitions 21 Augustine’s Wills 26 Concluding Remarks 30 Bibliography 32 Primary Sources 32 Secondary Sources 32 The Augustinian Cogito and Materialist Theories of Mind 34 Two Purposes of the Cartesian Cogito 35 The Augustinian Cogito 36 The Central Argument for the Incorporeal Nature of Mind in De Trinitate 10 37 Conclusion 43 Bibliography 43 Primary Sources 43 Secondary Sources 43 Sources of the Self in the Arabic Tradition: Remarks on the Avicennan Turn 45 Avicenna: A Thumbnail Sketch 47 Kalām Self-Knowledge 49 Sufi Self-Examination 56 Concluding Questions 63 Bibliography 65 Primary Sources 65 Secondary Sources 66 Avicenna on Non-conceptual Content and Self-­Awareness in Non-human Animals 69 Introduction 69 Avicenna on the Cognitive Content of Perception 71 Avicenna’s Views in Contrast with McDowell and Dennett 74 Avicenna on the Cognitive Content of Perception and Non-­human Animals’ Self-Awareness 76 Final Remarks: The Self of Non-human Animals 79 Bibliography 80 Primary Sources 80 Secondary Sources 80 Self, Agent, Soul: Abū al-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s Critical Reception of Avicennian Psychology 82 The Avicennian Background: The Acting Self, the Acting Soul 83 Abū al-Barakāt’s Criticism 85 The Solution: Degrees and Types of Awareness 88 The Question of Sub-Human Self-Awareness and Agency 91 Bibliography 95 Primary Sources 95 Secondary Sources 96 “Causa sui”: Awareness and Choice in the Constitution of the Self 97 Augustine and the Notion of Attention 98 Avicenna 101 Olivi 103 Descartes 108 Bibliography 111 Primary Sources 111 Secondary Sources 112 Aping Logic? Albert the Great on Animal Mind and Action 114 Introduction 114 What Seems to Be the Problem? 117 Albert the Great: Brains and Minds 119 Logic, Desire and Belief: Human and Otherwise 121 Conclusion 127 Bibliography 127 Primary Sources 127 Secondary Sources 128 The Reflexivity of Incorporeal Acts as Source of Freedom and Subjectivity in Aquinas 129 The Reflexivity of Incorporeal Acts 130 The Effect of Reflexivity on Human Agency/Subjectivity 135 The Intrinsic Self-Awareness of Intellectual Thought 135 Reflexivity and the Freedom of Practical Judgment 137 An Anthropology of Reflexivity 143 Bibliography 144 Primary Sources 144 Secondary Sources 145 Subjective Experience and Self-Knowledge: Chatton’s Approach and Its Problems 146 Introduction 146 The Mechanics of Assent and Two Kinds of Experience 148 The Mechanics of Assent 148 Two Kinds of Experience 153 Conclusion 157 Bibliography 158 Primary Sources 158 Secondary Sources 158 Self-Awareness and Perception in Augustinian Epistemology 160 Introduction 160 Augustine 161 Medieval Augustinians 167 Self-Awareness via Species 168 Self-Awareness via Acts 170 Conclusion 180 Bibliography 180 Primary Sources 180 Secondary Sources 181 Beasts, Human Beings, or Gods? Human Subjectivity in Medieval Political Philosophy 183 Introduction 183 Metaphysical Argument 185 Human Life Without Community and the Various Senses of ‘Natural’ 188 Moral Arguments and the Return to the Community 194 Conclusion 197 Bibliography 198 Primary Sources 198 Secondary Sources 198 Martin Luther’s Early Theological Anthropology: From Parts of the Soul to the Human Person as One Subject 200 Introduction 200 The Tabernacle Image as a Nexus of Luther’s Cosmology and Tripartite Anthropology 202 Luther’s Bipartite Anthropology: The Conflict and Its Solution 210 The Conflict Between Flesh and Spirit 210 The Christological Analogy as the Solution to the Unity of the Person 213 Activity and Passivity in Christian Life 215 Conclusions 216 Bibliography 218 Primary Sources 218 Secondary Sources 218 A Bodily Sense of Self in Descartes and Malebranche 220 Introduction 220 Preliminaries 222 The Target Phenomenon 223 Bodily Sensations and the Sense of Self 225 What Is Special About Affective Bodily Sensations? 227 Conclusion 233 Bibliography 233 Primary Sources 234 Secondary Sources 234 A View from Nowhere? The Place of Subjectivity in Spinoza’s Rationalism 236 Introduction 236 A View from Nowhere? 238 The Necessity of a Finite Perspective 240 Spinoza’s Theory of Finite Particulars: Modes and Their Existence 242 Feeling the Body: 2p13 and Spinoza’s Theory of Mind 247 The Bounds of Reason: Experience and Intelligibility 252 Bibliography 260 Primary Sources 260 Secondary Sources 261 Reflection and Rationality in Leibniz 263 Introduction 263 Rationality 265 Leibniz’s Account of Reflection 267 Inesse and Leibniz’s Theory of Propositions 268 Reasoning 270 Conclusion 273 Bibliography 274 Primary Sources 274 Secondary Sources 274 Hume on the Self and His ‘Overall Philosophical Scheme’ 276 Hume on the “Science of Man” and the Mind as a “Bundle or Collection of Different Perceptions” 277 Hume’s Appendix and a “real continuity of mind or self” 282 Psychology, Not Metaphysics 285 Hume’s Account of the Self and the Limits of His Empiricism 288 Bibliography 289 Primary Sources 289 Secondary Sources 289 Index 290 Front Matter....Pages i-ix Introduction: Subjectivity and Selfhood in the History of Philosophy....Pages 1-7 Augustine on Second-Order Desires and Persons....Pages 9-24 The Augustinian Cogito and Materialist Theories of Mind....Pages 25-35 Sources of the Self in the Arabic Tradition: Remarks on the Avicennan Turn....Pages 37-60 Avicenna on Non-conceptual Content and Self-Awareness in Non-human Animals....Pages 61-73 Self, Agent, Soul: Abū al-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s Critical Reception of Avicennian Psychology....Pages 75-89 “Causa sui”: Awareness and Choice in the Constitution of the Self....Pages 91-107 Aping Logic? Albert the Great on Animal Mind and Action....Pages 109-123 The Reflexivity of Incorporeal Acts as Source of Freedom and Subjectivity in Aquinas....Pages 125-141 Subjective Experience and Self-Knowledge: Chatton’s Approach and Its Problems....Pages 143-156 Self-Awareness and Perception in Augustinian Epistemology....Pages 157-179 Beasts, Human Beings, or Gods? Human Subjectivity in Medieval Political Philosophy....Pages 181-197 Martin Luther’s Early Theological Anthropology: From Parts of the Soul to the Human Person as One Subject....Pages 199-218 A Bodily Sense of Self in Descartes and Malebranche....Pages 219-234 A View from Nowhere? The Place of Subjectivity in Spinoza’s Rationalism....Pages 235-261 Reflection and Rationality in Leibniz....Pages 263-275 Hume on the Self and His ‘Overall Philosophical Scheme’....Pages 277-290 Back Matter....Pages 291-295