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"Studying Public Policy develops an analytical framework that will enable students to study public policy more effectively. The first of the book's three parts examines different approaches to studying public policy and by providing inventories of the relevant types of policy actors, structures, and ideas involved in public policy-making. Part two then breaks down the policy process into the five sub-processes or sub-stages set out in the policy cycle model and analyzes the variables affecting each stage. Part Three concludes the text with a general commentary on the nature of policy change and stability."-- Provided by publisher Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Acknowledgements I: Methodology, Theory, and Context in Public Policy Research 1: Studying Public Policy: Why and How Public Policy Defined Methodological Considerations for Studying Public Policy The Policy Cycle Framework: A Problem-Solving Model of the Policy Process The Need for Public Policy Capacity Identifying and Studying Policy Styles and Policy Regimes Overview of the Book Study Questions Further Readings 2: Understanding Public Policy: Theoretical Approaches Evolution of the Policy Sciences Approaches to Public Policy Analysis: Positivism and Post-Positivism Revisited Positivist Approaches to Policy Analysis Post-Positivist Approaches to Policy Analysis Reconciling the Positivist and Post-Positivist Approaches Approaches to Public Policy Studies: Multi-Level, Multi-Disciplinary Public Choice Class Analysis Pluralism Corporatism Neo-Institutionalism Statism Conclusion Study Questions Further Readings 3: The Policy Context: States and Societies Institutions, Ideas, and Actors in Public Policy The Role of Policy Ideas: Paradigms, Public Sentiments, Symbolic Frames, and Program Ideas The Political-Economic Context Capitalism Liberalism Democracy Policy-Making in the Liberal-Democratic Capitalist State Political-Economic Structures and Public Policy-Making Political Systems and Public Policy Domestic Policy Actors The International System and Public Policy Policy Subsystems and Policy Regimes: Integrating Institutions, Ideas, and Actors Policy Subsystems Conclusion Study Questions Further Readings II: The Policy Cycle 4: Agenda-Setting: Definition and Problematics What Is Agenda-Setting? Issue Initiation Issue Expansion Agenda-Entrance The Problematics of Agenda-Setting: Issue-Attention Dynamics Issue-Attention in Governments and Society Problems versus Conditions Problem Tractability Other Dilemmas of Policy Problems The Substance of Agenda-Setting: Problem Construction Objective Construction: Convergence Theory and Political Business Cycles Subjective Construction: Ideas and Discourses Gauging Problem Severity: Indicators and Measures Actors and Tasks in Agenda-Setting Epistemic Communities Instrument Constituencies Advocacy Coalitions Policy Entrepreneurs and Policy Brokers Theories of Agenda-Setting: Ideas, Actors, and Structures Funnels of Causality Modes of Agenda-Setting The Multiple Streams Model and Its Evolution Conclusion: A Policy Subsystem Conception of Agenda-Setting Study Questions Further Readings 5: Policy Formulation: Identifying and Assessing Policy Alternatives What Is Policy Formulation? The Problematics of Policy Formulation Procedural and Substantive Capacity Limits Context in Policy Formulation: Design and Non-Design Orientations The Substance of Policy Formulation: Selecting Policy Tools Nodality, or Information-Based Policy Tools Authority-Based Policy Tools Treasure-Based Policy Tools Organization-Based Policy Tools The Formulation Challenge: Mixing and Bundling Policy Tools Actors in Policy Formulation Policy Advisors and Policy Advisory Systems Instrument Constituencies Modelling Policy Formulation Conclusion: Policy Formulation – Opening up the Black Box Study Questions Further Readings 6: Decision-Making in Public Policy: Policy Selection and Choice What Is Decision-Making in the Public Sector? 176 Problematics of Decision-Making: An Unknown Future and Risks of Failure Over- and Under-Reactions Uncertainty, Ambiguity, Ignorance, and Incompetence The Substance of Decision-Making: Seeking Advice and Evidence about Policy Choices Policy Analysis Evidence-Based Decision-Making The Nature of Policy Choices: Negative, Positive, and Non-Decisions Actors in the Decision-Making Process Executive, Legislators, Judges, and Administrative Officials Policy Networks Theories of Decision-Making Early Rational and Incremental Models The Comprehensive and Bounded-Rationality Models Incremental Model Mixed-Scanning Models Garbage Can Models “Decision Accretion” Model Conclusion: Revisiting Public Policy Decision-Making Modes Study Questions Further Readings 7: Policy Implementation: Putting Policies into Effect What Is Policy Implementation? Barriers to Policy Implementation Environment and Context Policy Subjects’ Behaviour Policy Uncertainties Implementation Capacity Actors and Activities in Policy Implementation Multiple Streams and Actors in Implementation The Problem Stream The Policy Stream The Politics Stream The Process Stream The Program Stream Implementation Theories First Generation: Borrowing from Public Administration Second Generation: Borrowing from Organization Theory Third Generation: Rationalist Theories and Game Theories Fourth Generation Implementation Theory: Taking Capacity Seriously Conclusion: Implementation Styles and Long-Term Instrument Preferences Study Questions Further Readings 8: Policy Evaluation: Policy-Making as Learning What Is Policy Evaluation? Definition History Perspectives on Evaluation: Positivist and Post-Positivist Approaches to Evaluation: Administrative and Political Policy Evaluation as Policy Learning Actors in the Policy Evaluation Process Internal Evaluators External Evaluators Types of Policy Evaluation Process Evaluation Impact Evaluation Policy Success and Failure Assessing the Results of Policy Evaluation Evaluation Criteria Dealing with the Results of Evaluation: Policy Feedback and Policy Termination Linking Policy Evaluation and Learning: Evaluation Styles in Government Conclusion: The Role of Evaluation in Policy Cycle Study Questions Further Readings III: Long-Term Policy Dynamics 9: Patterns of Policy Change: Between Punctuations and Increments The Outcomes of Policy Succession Policy Feedback Policy Termination Types of Policy Change Normal Policy Change Atypical Policy Change Punctuated Equilibrium: Linking Normal and Atypical Policy Change The Continued Contemporary Relevance of Studying Public Policy: Can the Policy Cycle Model Cope with Challenges from "Truthiness"? Conclusion Study Questions Further Readings Notes References Index Studying Public Policy develops an analytical framework of the subject for students in public policy courses. Instead of focussing on the substantive policy of a particular policy area, the book examines the theoretical and conceptual foundations of, and approaches used in, the policy sciences. The leading introduction to the theory and practice of public policy. Studying Public Policy introduces the theoretical foundations of the policy sciences and develops an analytical framework that incorporates how policy-making addresses and attempts to solve public problems.