Strategic Triangles Reshaping International Relations in East Asia (Politics in Asia)

Rozman shows how East Asia's international relations over three decades can be best understood through the lens of triangles, analyzing relations between the key nations through a series of trilateral relationships. He argues that triangles present a convincing answer to the question of whether we had entered a new era of bipolarity like the Cold War or an age of multipolarity. Triangulation emerged as a dynamic in East Asia in the aftermath of the Cold War and was accelerated in the course of the Xi and Trump administrations. Even as Sino-US competition and confrontation deepened, triangles had a substantial presence. East Asian triangles share an unusual mixture of three distinct elements: deep-seated security distrust, extraordinary economic interdependence, and a combustible composition of historical resentments and civilizational confidence. The combination of the three makes the case for triangularity more compelling, Rozman argues. The legacy of communism, the pursuit of reunification on the Korean Peninsula, and moves to expand beyond the US-Japan alliance have all driven the way triangles have evolved. Only as bipolarity intensified in the 2020s was triangularity losing ground. The degree of turnabout is analyzed for all of the cases considered. Rozman evaluates each key triangle of states in turn and assesses how the relationship impacts the region more widely. This book provides an essential framework for understanding the current state and trajectory of East Asian international relations, for students and policymakers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction: How Triangularity Changed the New Face of East Asia Chronology of Post-Cold War Triangular Relations in East Asia East Asian Triangles Analysis of Triangularity Policy Implications Note on Omissions Part I: The Legacy of the Cold War Chapter 2: China, Russia, the United States: The New Face of the Grand Strategic Triangle Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Strategic Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Dynamics of the China-Russia-US Strategic Triangle Chapter 3: China, Russia, North Korea: The Shadow of the Socialist Bloc Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Strategic Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Dynamics of the Socialist Legacy Triangle Chapter 4: China, North Korea, the United States: The Shadow of the Cold War Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Strategic Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Dynamics of the Shadow of the Cold War Triangle Part II: South Korea as the Pivot of Transformation Chapter 5: South Korea, China, the United States: The Pivot of Regional Transformation Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Strategic Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Dynamics of the South Korea-China-US Triangle Chapter 6: China, South Korea, Japan: The Renewed Core Regional Triangle Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Strategic Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Dynamics of the South Korea-China-Japan Triangle Chapter 7: South Korea, Japan, the United States: The New Face of the Alliance Triangle Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Security Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Dynamics of the South Korea-US-Japan Triangle Part III: New Tests for the Japan-US Alliance Chapter 8: Japan, the United States, China: East Asia’s Core Great Power Triangle Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Strategic Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Dynamics of the Japan-US-South Korea East Asian Triangle Chapter 9: Japan, the United States, Russia: The Test for Boundary Crossing Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Strategic Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Dynamics of the Japan-US-Russia Triangular Quest for Boundary Crossing Chapter 10: Japan, the United States, Australia, India: The Quad—An Exception Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Strategic Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Dynamics of the Japan, US, Australia, India Quest for the Quad Chapter 11: Conclusion: How Triangularity Adjusts to Bipolarity Tests of Triangularity over Three Decades Strategic Threat Economic Vulnerability National Identity Incompatibility Looking Ahead Index "Rozman shows how East Asia's international relations can be best understood through the lens of triangles, analyzing relations between the key nations through a series of trilateral relationships. He argues that triangles present a convincing answer to the question of whether we are entering a new era of bipolarity like the Cold War, or an age of multipolarity. Triangulation emerged as a dynamic in East Asia in the aftermath of the Cold War, but has been accelerated in the wake of the Xi and Trump administrations. Even as Sino-US competition and confrontation deepens, triangles have a substantial presence. East Asian triangles share an unusual mixture of three distinct elements: deep-seated security distrust; extraordinary economic interdependence; and a combustible composition of historical resentments and civilizational confidence. The combination of the three makes the case for triangularity more compelling, Rozman argues. The legacy of communism, the pursuit of reunification on the Korean Peninsula, and moves to expand beyond the US-Japan alliance have all driven the way triangles have evolved. Rozman evaluates each key triangle of states in turn and assesses how the relationship impacts the region more widely. An essential framework for understanding the current state and trajectory of East Asian International relations, for students and policy-makers"-- Provided by publisher Introduction : triangularity, the new face of East Asia -- Part I. The legacy of the Cold War -- China, Russia, the US : the new face of the grand strategic triangle -- China, Russia, North Korea : the shadow of the socialist bloc -- China, North Korea, the US : the shadow of the Cold War -- Part II. South Korea as the pivot of transformation -- South Korea, China, the US : the pivot of regional transformation -- South Korea, China, Japan : the renewed core regional triangle -- South Korea, Japan, the US : the new face of the alliance triangle -- Part III. New tests for the Japan-US alliance -- Japan, China, the US : the core great power triangle -- Japan, Russia, the US : the test for boundary crossing -- Japan, Australia, India, the US : the quad-an exception -- Conclusion : how do the triangles fit together?