Strangers and Pilgrims : On the Role of Aporiai in Theology

Preface Introduction Why Aporiai? Two Agendas On the Crisis in Theology An Experiential Faith PART I: THE CONTEXT OF POST-METAPHYSICAL THEOLOGY 1. What is Theology? On Paradox Precedents for Paradox in Theology Hegel’s Double Negation Denying History Tillich’s One Absolute Paradox Kierkegaard’s Thought that Thought Cannot Think Beyond Metaphysics Materialism Idealism A Common Substance Conditions of Possibility Beyond Metaphysics to Faith A Finite God? Theology Alone Has No Object Is Theology a Method? Is the Focus of Theology the Call to Decision? Theology and the Aporetic 2. Theology and Aporiai Not Mere Astonishment Contingent Necessity and More Retrieval of Spirituality Dialogue and Application: Listening Dialogue and Application: Speaking Dialogue and Application: Humility Theology as the "Fusion of Horizons 3. After Heidegger and Derrida Heidegger: On the Meaning of Being On the Copula Heidegger: Being as "World" Derrida and Binary Thought Derrida and Vulgar Skepticism 4. David Tracy: Theology as Correlation Contingent versus Metaphysical Necessity On the Role of Concealment in What is Manifest 5. On George Lindbeck’s Cultural-Linguistic Theological Model Reality and Religion as a Social Construct: Truth as Pragmatic Usage Our Debt to Language: Rules Prior to Paradigms? Faith Precedes Language: But Certainty is the Pre-Condition of Doubt A New Heteronomy 6. Theology as Inquiry into Paradox: Strangers and Pilgrims Augustine? Beyond Dualism Unknowing is not Ignorance Faith Seeking Understanding Ogden’s Reflective Faith Second Naiveté and Praxis Beyond Reductionism Theology as a Subversive Enterprise PART II: ON THE ROLE OF APORIAI IN THEOLOGY 7. The Aporia of Spirit and Matter The Aporia of Spirit and Matter Matter in Contrast to Spirit The Problem of Definition Simile of the Sun Simile of the Line Everydayness and the Real On Universals The Aporia of Universals and Particulars 8. The Aporia of Logic and Praxis Two Kinds of Paradigms Sociological Paradigms and Understanding The Subversion of Coherence as the Consequence of Coherence The Non-Cumulative Character of Human Knowledge Paradigm Revolutions and the Aporia of Logic and Praxis Religious Language and the Aporia of Logic and Praxis Conclusion 9. The Aporiai of Language Reality as Vitally Metaphoric I.A. Richards: From Analogy to Tenor and Vehicle Wheelwright: Metaphor and Tensive Reality Metaphorical Tension at the Heart of Language Metaphorical Tension at the Heart of Reality Conclusion 10. The Aporiai of Truth Truth as Correspondence: Verification and Falsification Truth as Disclosure: Metaphorical Truth On the Open-endedness of Understanding On the Historically of Understanding Language as the Mediator of Possibility Aletheia and Symbolic Reality Conclusion 11. The Aporiai of Temporality Clock Time and Eternity Cosmological Time Plato Aristotle Plotinus Time and Not-Being Anthropological Time Augustine Kant Husserl Ontological Time Heidegger Being as Time Unites the Unchanging and the Temporal Conclusion 12. The Aporia of Self and Other Defining the Self? The Self: Beyond Actuality to the Dynamic Tension of Possibilities Between Intellect and World Beyond Heidegger’s Logos to Nous On the Unique and Unrepeatable Character of Individual Consciousness Lévinas and Ricoeur on the Self The Self as Ambiguous Dialectic: The "Structure of Selfhood" Conclusion 13. Conclusion: Faith in a Post-Metaphysical Context The Crisis of Reason: Two Kinds of Rationality Beyond Critical Realism and Heidegger Non-epistemic Faith and the Priority of Spirit Beyond Self and Actuality to Concealed Possibility The Correspondence Theory of Truth and ἀλήθεια Sola scriptura and Protestant Theology Beyond Plurivocity to Spirit and Faith Two Models of the Faith Faith in a Post-metaphysical Context From Vulgar to Refined Skepticism: Faith Seeking Understanding Appendix: Division of the Task of Theology Theology’s Threefold Division Philosophical Theology: The Aporetic Systematic Theology: Diachronic and Synchronic Diachronic and Synchronic Descriptive Phenomenology Practical Theology: Institutional Religion Procedural Practical Theology Instructional Practical Theology Prophetic Practical Theology Pastoral Practical Theology Parenetic Practical Theology Practical Theology Works Cited Index Preface Introduction Why Aporiai? Two Agendas On the Crisis in Theology An Experiential Faith PART I: THE CONTEXT OF POST-METAPHYSICAL THEOLOGY 1. What is Theology? On Paradox Precedents for Paradox in Theology Hegel’s Double Negation Denying History Tillich’s One Absolute Paradox Kierkegaard’s Thought that Thought Cannot Think Beyond Metaphysics Materialism Idealism A Common Substance Conditions of Possibility Beyond Metaphysics to Faith A Finite God? Theology Alone Has No Object Is Theology a Method? Is the Focus of Theology the Call to Decision? Theology and the Aporetic 2. Theology and Aporiai Not Mere Astonishment Contingent Necessity and More Retrieval of Spirituality Dialogue and Application: Listening Dialogue and Application: Speaking Dialogue and Application: Humility Theology as the "Fusion of Horizons 3. After Heidegger and Derrida Heidegger: On the Meaning of Being On the Copula Heidegger: Being as "World" Derrida and Binary Thought Derrida and Vulgar Skepticism 4. David Tracy: Theology as Correlation Contingent versus Metaphysical Necessity On the Role of Concealment in What is Manifest 5. On George Lindbeck’s Cultural-Linguistic Theological Model Reality and Religion as a Social Construct: Truth as Pragmatic Usage Our Debt to Language: Rules Prior to Paradigms? Faith Precedes Language: But Certainty is the Pre-Condition of Doubt A New Heteronomy 6. Theology as Inquiry into Paradox: Strangers and Pilgrims Augustine? Beyond Dualism Unknowing is not Ignorance Faith Seeking Understanding Ogden’s Reflective Faith Second Naiveté and Praxis Beyond Reductionism Theology as a Subversive Enterprise PART II: ON THE ROLE OF APORIAI IN THEOLOGY 7. The Aporia of Spirit and Matter The Aporia of Spirit and Matter Matter in Contrast to Spirit The Problem of Definition Simile of the Sun Simile of the Line Everydayness and the Real On Universals The Aporia of Universals and Particulars 8. The Aporia of Logic and Praxis Two Kinds of Paradigms Sociological Paradigms and Understanding The Subversion of Coherence as the Consequence of Coherence The Non-Cumulative Character of Human Knowledge Paradigm Revolutions and the Aporia of Logic and Praxis Religious Language and the Aporia of Logic and Praxis Conclusion 9. The Aporiai of Language Reality as Vitally Metaphoric I.A. Richards: From Analogy to Tenor and Vehicle Wheelwright: Metaphor and Tensive Reality Metaphorical Tension at the Heart of Language Metaphorical Tension at the Heart of Reality Conclusion 10. The Aporiai of Truth Truth as Correspondence: Verification and Falsification Truth as Disclosure: Metaphorical Truth On the Open-endedness of Understanding On the Historically of Understanding Language as the Mediator of Possibility Aletheia and Symbolic Reality Conclusion 11. The Aporiai of Temporality Clock Time and Eternity Cosmological Time Plato Aristotle Plotinus Time and Not-Being Anthropological Time Augustine Kant Husserl Ontological Time Heidegger Being as Time Unites the Unchanging and the Temporal Conclusion 12. The Aporia of Self and Other Defining the Self? The Self: Beyond Actuality to the Dynamic Tension of Possibilities Between Intellect and World Beyond Heidegger’s Logos to Nous On the Unique and Unrepeatable Character of Individual Consciousness Lévinas and Ricoeur on the Self The Self as Ambiguous Dialectic: The "Structure of Selfhood" Conclusion 13. Conclusion: Faith in a Post-Metaphysical Context The Crisis of Reason: Two Kinds of Rationality Beyond Critical Realism and Heidegger Non-epistemic Faith and the Priority of Spirit Beyond Self and Actuality to Concealed Possibility The Correspondence Theory of Truth and ἀλήθεια Sola scriptura and Protestant Theology Beyond Plurivocity to Spirit and Faith Two Models of the Faith Faith in a Post-metaphysical Context From Vulgar to Refined Skepticism: Faith Seeking Understanding Appendix: Division of the Task of Theology Theology’s Threefold Division Philosophical Theology: The Aporetic Systematic Theology: Diachronic and Synchronic Diachronic and Synchronic Descriptive Phenomenology Practical Theology: Institutional Religion Procedural Practical Theology Instructional Practical Theology Prophetic Practical Theology Pastoral Practical Theology Parenetic Practical Theology Practical Theology Works Cited Index

Grammaticalization theory has played a major role in the developments in language typology and functional linguistics during the last three decades. Grammaticalization phenomena show that grammars evolve in a continuous way following cross-linguistically established diachronic paths.

The contributions in this book shed new light on some central issues in grammaticalization theory such as the (uni-)directionality debate, the relation between grammaticalization and constructions, and the concept of multiple grammaticalization.

Evidence for grammaticalization in several domains of grammar is presented: adpositions, numeral classifiers, honorifics, agreement markers, applicatives, reciprocals, delexical verbs, auxiliaries, relative clauses, and discourse particles. The empirical investigations come from several languages, among them many understudied languages such as Nanafwe, Maltese, Manambu, Chibchan and Siouan languages.