Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Different Organs (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book 1169)

This book presents a comprehensive discussion on the heterogeneity existing between different types of stem cells within the same tissue. As the functions of these stem cells vary, this is very important for the application of stem cells in cell therapy. This book describes the many recent developments that have revealed completely different roles of distinct stem cells within the same organ.__Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Different Organs__ provides a timely update on the current information on stem cells heterogeneity in various tissues. It also provides a solid foundation of the history of stem cells from specific tissues and the current applications of this knowledge in regenerative medicine. Taken with its companion volumes, __Stem Cells Heterogeneity: Novel Concepts__ and __Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Cancer__, this book is essential reading for advanced cell biology students as well as researchers and clinicians working with stem cells. Preface 5 Contents 7 Contributors 9 Chapter 1: Heterogeneity of Neural Stem Cells in the Ventricular–Subventricular Zone 13 Introduction 14 V-SVZ Origins and Development 14 Transcriptional Heterogeneity Within the V-SVZ 15 Heterogeneity in Human V-SVZ 23 Functional Heterogeneity Within the V-SVZ 24 Transcriptional Variations Across the NSC Lineage 24 Cell Cycle Heterogeneity 25 Microenvironmental Influences in the V-SVZ and Its Subregions 25 Epigenetic Regulation of V-SVZ Cell Diversity 27 Metabolic Differences Within the V-SVZ 28 Heterogeneity in the Aging Niche 29 Future Directions: Uniting Transcript, Signal Transduction, and Function 29 References 30 Chapter 2: Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Hippocampus 43 Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells and Their Origin 44 SGZ Neurogenic Niche 45 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Heterogeneity 46 Morphological Heterogeneity 48 Cell Cycle Heterogeneity 49 Epigenetic Heterogeneity 51 Nonautonomous Heterogeneity 52 Metabolic Heterogeneity 52 Heterogenic Response of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells to Stimuli 53 Conclusion 55 References 56 Chapter 3: Heterogeneity of Sweat Gland Stem Cells 66 Introduction 66 Sweat Gland Formation 67 Sweat Gland Stem Cells 68 Future Trends and Directions 71 References 72 Chapter 4: Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Human Vocal Fold Mucosa 74 Introduction 75 Maculae Flavae as a Stem Cell Niche in the Human Vocal Fold Mucosa 76 Maculae Flavae in the Human Adult Vocal Fold Mucosa 76 Maculae Flavae in the Human Newborn Vocal Fold Mucosa 78 Microenvironment, Hyaluronan-Rich Matrix, of the Maculae Flavae as a Stem Cell Niche in the Human Vocal Fold Mucosa 78 Heterogeneity of the Cell Population in the Maculae Flavae of the Human Vocal Fold Mucosa 79 Vocal Fold Stellate Cells in the Human Adult Maculae Flavae 80 Intermediate Filaments of the Cell Population in the Human Adult Maculae Flavae 80 Radiosensitivity of the Cell Population in the Human Adult Maculae Flavae 81 Telomerase in the Cell Population in the Human Adult Maculae Flavae 81 Cell Cycle of the Cell Population in the Human Adult Maculae Flavae 81 Cell Division of the Cell Population in the Human Adult Maculae Flavae 81 Origin of Cell Population in the Human Adult Maculae Flavae 83 Cell Population in the Human Newborn Maculae Flavae 83 Hierarchy of Putative Stem Cells in the Human Maculae Flavae 84 Slow-Dividing Cell Population in the Maculae Flavae 84 Side Population Cells in the Vocal Fold Mucosa 85 Mechanical Regulation (Cellular Mechanotransduction) of the Cells in the Human Maculae Flavae 85 Transition Area Between the Human Adult Maculae Flavae and Surrounding Tissue 86 Future Prospects 88 References 89 Chapter 5: Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Thyroid 92 Introduction 93 Thyroid Gland Development and Its Molecular Signature 93 Embryonic Stem Cells as a Source of Thyrocyte-Like Cells 94 Adult Thyroid Stem/Progenitor Cells 96 Stem Cell Heterogeneity in Thyroid Regeneration 98 Models for Thyroid Regeneration 100 Concluding Remarks 101 References 101 Chapter 6: Heterogeneity of Pulmonary Stem Cells 105 Introduction 106 Basal Cells 107 Submucosal Gland Progenitors 112 Secretory Cells 115 Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells (PNECs) 119 Alveolar Progenitors 119 Hillocks 120 Conclusions 121 References 122 Chapter 7: Heterogeneity of Mammary Stem Cells 128 Murine Mammary Stem Cells 129 Mouse Mammary Gland Development at a Glance 129 Professional Mouse Mammary Stem Cells from Embryonic to Maternal Life 129 Mouse Mammary Stem Cells Across the Basal and Luminal Mammary Epithelium 131 Quiescent Stem Cells in the Mouse Mammary Gland 133 Human Mammary Stem Cells 134 Structure of the Human Mammary Gland 134 Evidence for Human Mammary Stem Cells 136 Characterization of Putative Human MaSCs 137 Molecular Heterogeneity of hMaSCs 140 Location of Mammary Stem Cells and Their Niche 141 Conclusions and Future Directions 143 References 144 Chapter 8: Heterogeneity of Adult Cardiac Stem Cells 150 Introduction: Need for an Effective and Widely Available Therapy for Cardiac Repair/Regeneration 151 Biology of the Adult Heart: The Old Paradigm 152 Biology of the Adult Heart: The New Paradigm 152 C-kitpos Cardiac Stem/Progenitor Cells 154 Sca-1-Positive Cardiac Cells 160 Side Population Cells 163 Cardiosphere-Derived Cells 164 Mesenchymal Cardiac Stem Cells 165 Isl-1pos Cardiac Progenitor Cells 166 Epicardium-Derived Cells (EPDCs) 168 Pericytes 169 Controversy over the Role and Myogenic Properties of the eCSCs 171 Cardiac Stem and Progenitor Cells: The Same or Different Cells? 174 Conclusions and Future Perspective 175 References 176 Chapter 9: Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cell Heterogeneity 188 Skeletal Muscle Regeneration 188 Heterogeneity in Skeletal Muscle-Resident Stem Cells 190 Heterogeneity in Satellite Cell Gene Expression 191 Satellite Cell Heterogeneity in Cell Cycle Status 193 Asymmetric Division Contributes to Satellite Cell Heterogeneity 195 Future Perspectives and Concluding Remarks 196 References 198 Chapter 10: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity 203 Introduction 203 Phenotypic and Functional Distinction of Short-Term and Long-Term Repopulating Hematopoietic Stem Cells 204 Lineage-Biased Hematopoietic Stem Cell Subsets 206 Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Emergency Hematopoiesis 209 Aging of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Subsets 211 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 213 References 214 Chapter 11: Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Ovary 220 Introduction 221 Main Text 223 Ovarian Stem Cells 223 What Are These Germ Cell Nests Described in Fetal Ovaries? 225 Conclusions and Directions for Future Research 227 References 228 Chapter 12: Heterogeneity of Spermatogonial Stem Cells 231 Introduction 232 Classical Spermatogonial Stem Cell Definition Based on Morphology 233 Spermatogonial Stem Cell Definition Based on Functional Transplantation 235 Spermatogonial Stem Cell Definition Based on Genetic Lineage Tracing 239 Heterogeneity of Spermatogonial Stem Cells 242 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 243 References 244 Chapter 13: Sources, Identification, and Clinical Implications of Heterogeneity in Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells 249 Introduction 250 Sources of Heterogeneity 253 Inter-individual Heterogeneity 253 Tissue-Dependent Heterogeneity 255 Heterogeneity During Cloning Expansion 256 Identification of Heterogeneity 258 Clinical Implications of Heterogeneity 258 Future Trends 259 Conclusions 259 References 260 Index 263 Front Matter ....Pages i-xii Heterogeneity of Neural Stem Cells in the Ventricular–Subventricular Zone (Gabrielle V. Rushing, Madelyn K. Bollig, Rebecca A. Ihrie)....Pages 1-30 Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Hippocampus (Mehmet Tosun, Fatih Semerci, Mirjana Maletic-Savatic)....Pages 31-53 Heterogeneity of Sweat Gland Stem Cells (Matthias Brandenburger, Charli Kruse)....Pages 55-62 Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Human Vocal Fold Mucosa (Kiminori Sato)....Pages 63-80 Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Thyroid (Giovanni Zito, Antonina Coppola, Giuseppe Pizzolanti, Carla Giordano)....Pages 81-93 Heterogeneity of Pulmonary Stem Cells (Thomas J. Lynch, Vitaly Ievlev, Kalpaj R. Parekh)....Pages 95-117 Heterogeneity of Mammary Stem Cells (Rhiannon French, Giusy Tornillo)....Pages 119-140 Heterogeneity of Adult Cardiac Stem Cells (Mariangela Scalise, Fabiola Marino, Eleonora Cianflone, Teresa Mancuso, Pina Marotta, Iolanda Aquila et al.)....Pages 141-178 Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cell Heterogeneity (Dong Seong Cho, Jason D. Doles)....Pages 179-193 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity (Roland Jurecic)....Pages 195-211 Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Ovary (Deepa Bhartiya, Hiren Patel, Diksha Sharma)....Pages 213-223 Heterogeneity of Spermatogonial Stem Cells (Hiroshi Kubota)....Pages 225-242 Sources, Identification, and Clinical Implications of Heterogeneity in Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells (Frank G. Lyons, Tobias A. Mattei)....Pages 243-256 Back Matter ....Pages 257-266 This book presents a comprehensive discussion on the heterogeneity existing between different types of stem cells within the same tissue. As the functions of these stem cells vary, this is very important for the application of stem cells in cell therapy. This book describes the many recent developments that have revealed completely different roles of distinct stem cells within the same organ. Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Different Organs provides a timely update on the current information on stem cells heterogeneity in various tissues. It also provides a solid foundation of the history of stem cells from specific tissues and the current applications of this knowledge in regenerative medicine. Taken with its companion volumes, Stem Cells Heterogeneity: Novel Concepts and Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Cancer , this book is essential reading for advanced cell biology students as well as researchers and clinicians working with stem cells.