Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 6 : Therapeutic Applications in Disease and Injury

Annotation The difference among pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, and unipotent stem cells is pointed out. Vast therapeutic applications of the following specific stem cells in disease and tissue injury are discussed: human embryonic stem cells, human mesenchymal stem cells, germ cell-derived pluripotent stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells, breast tumor stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Because of the potential of human embryonic stem cells to produce unlimited quantities of any human cell type, considerable focus is placed on their therapeutic potential. Because of their pluripotency, these cells have been used in various applications such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, pharmacological and toxicological studies, and fundamental studies of cell differentiation. The formation of embryoid bodies, which are three-dimensional aggregates of embryonic stem cells, is explained as this is the first step in cell differentiation. Such embryoid body culture has been widely used as a trigger for the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells. The basic capacity of self-renewal of human embryogenic stem cells is explained. The role of TGF-beta in the propagation of human embryonic stem cells is discussed. The differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into neurons, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, and retinal cells is fully explained. Donor policies for hematopoietic stem cells are also explained Front Matter....Pages i-xxiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Role of TGF β....Pages 3-9 Self-renewal of Embryonic Stem Cells: Cell Cycle Regulation....Pages 11-20 Gene Expression and Epigenetic Signatures of Germ Cell-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells and Embryonic Stem Cells....Pages 21-34 Human Embryonic Stem Cell Bank: Implication of Human Leukocyte Antigens and ABO Blood Group Antigens for Cell Transplantation....Pages 35-45 Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Glutamatergic Neurons (Methods)....Pages 47-55 Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Endoderm-Derived Hepatocytes....Pages 57-69 Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes: Role of Ouabain....Pages 71-78 Function of Myc for Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells....Pages 79-85 Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Retinal Cells....Pages 87-99 Derivation and Invasive Function of Trophoblast from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells....Pages 101-109 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Differences Between Germ-Line Stem Cells and Multipotent Adult Germ-Line Stem Cells for MicroRNAs....Pages 113-129 Molecular and Signaling Pathways That Modulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Self-renewal....Pages 131-141 The Biology and Regenerative Potential of Stem Cells and Their Mesenchymal Progeny....Pages 143-160 Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Clinical Applications (An Overview)....Pages 161-175 Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Cancer....Pages 177-183 Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathologies Using Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells....Pages 185-195 Utility of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes....Pages 197-203 Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Adipocyte Lineage: Role of Cytoskeleton-Associated Proteins....Pages 205-211 Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis: Role of Dicer Expression....Pages 213-229 Mouse Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells....Pages 231-245 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Adhesion and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Supported by B-Type Carbonated Hydroxylapatite....Pages 247-259 Immunomodulatory Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Microglia....Pages 261-272 Senescence of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Stem Cells: Role of Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Through Regulating MicroRNAs....Pages 273-280 Stem Cells in the Skin....Pages 281-286 Front Matter....Pages 287-287 Donor Policies for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation....Pages 289-298 Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Utilizing Growth Factor Combined with Plerixafor....Pages 299-306 Role of Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis of COPD and Pulmonary Emphysema....Pages 307-317 Migration of Stem Cells: Role of the RhoA/ROCK I Pathway (Method)....Pages 319-331 Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells: Response to Chemotherapy....Pages 333-344 Regulation of Stem Cells by the Endocannabinoid System....Pages 345-352 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation....Pages 353-364 Front Matter....Pages 365-365 Peripheral Blood Monocytes Can Be Induced to Acquire Stem Cell-Like Properties....Pages 367-375 Somatic Cell Reprogramming: Role of Homeodomain Protein Nanog....Pages 377-384 Inhibition of Breast Tumor Stem Cells Expansion by the Endogenous Cell Fate Determination Factor Dachshund....Pages 385-395 Front Matter....Pages 397-397 Parkinson’s Disease and Stem Cells....Pages 399-407 Therapeutic Applications of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Parkinson’s Disease....Pages 409-420 Modelling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Pluripotent Stem Cells....Pages 421-430 Back Matter....Pages 431-448 This book of the multi-volume series on stem cells and their cancerous counterparts features an in-depth explanation of the differences between pluripotent, multipotent and unipotent stem cell varieties. The specific types of stem cell singled out for discussion in this sixth volume include human mesenchymal, germ cell-derived pluripotent, induced pluripotent, human umbilical cord blood-derived, breast tumor, and hematopoietic stem cells. Human embryonic stem cells and their applications receive particular attention, with explanations of the process of embryoid body formation and the self-renewing capability of human embryogenic stem cells. Additional contributions examine the influence of TGF-beta on the propagation of human embryonic stem cells, and the mechanisms by which these cells differentiate into their four secondary incarnations, neurona, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, and retinal cells. With a clear exposition of donor policies for hematopoietic stem cells to complete the package, this sixth volume in the series will strengthen STEM ́ s reputation for varied, yet comprehensive coverage of the topic This book discusses therapeutic application of specific stem cells: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human hair follical stem cells, bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells, cancer and breast cancer stem cells, among others.