Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 4 : Therapeutic Applications in Disease and Injury

Vast therapeutic applications of the following specific stem cells in disease and tissue injury are discussed: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human hair follicle stem cells, bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, periodontal/progenitor cells, cancer stem cells, and breast cancer stem cells. Because human embryonic stem cells possess the potential to produce unlimited quantities of any human cell type, considerable focus is placed on this type of stem cells in this volume. The role of cancer stem cells, specifically in breast cancer is explained. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells to aid the injured brain is included. Immune recovery after stem cells transplantation in severe combined immunodeficiency patients is described. The role of mesenchymal stem cells in enhancing the growth and metastasis of colon cancer is discussed. Clinical application of human follicle stem cells is presented. Treatment of malignant gliomas using genetically-modified neural stem cells as a marker is discussed. The impact of cancer stem cell hypothesis on designing new cancer therapies is explained. In the field of regenerative medicine, the use of stem cells in the repair of the central nervous system, tendon injury, and as a cardiac regenerative medicine is described. The role of DNA methylation in maintaining stemness induced pluripotent stem cells from human extraembryonic amnion cells is discussed. Insights on the understanding of molecular pathways involved in tumor biology are explained, which lead to the development of effective drugs. Information on pathways, such as hedgehog, facilitates targeted therapies in cancer. Front Matter....Pages i-xix Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation: Role of Sonic Hedgehog and Wingless/Int-1 Proteins....Pages 3-18 Sensitivity of Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cells to Hoxa Gene Levels....Pages 19-29 Maintenance of Neural Stem Cells in the Brain: Role of Notch Signaling....Pages 31-39 Maintenance of Hematopoiesis: Role of Early B Cell Factor 2....Pages 41-50 Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem/Progenitor Cells: Roles of TGF-β1....Pages 51-58 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Extra-Embryonic Amnion Cells: Role of DNA Methylation in Maintaining Stemness....Pages 59-65 Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells: Role of HDAC7 and PDGF-BB....Pages 67-76 Adult Neural Stem Cells; Identity and Regulation....Pages 77-84 Front Matter....Pages 85-85 Tendon Injury: Role of Differentiation of Adult and Embryonic Derived Stem Cells....Pages 87-95 The Potential of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineered Scaffolds for Repair of the Central Nervous System....Pages 97-111 Improving the Efficacy of Diabetes Mellitus Treatment by Combining Cell Replacement Therapy with Immune Correction....Pages 113-124 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Production and Characterization: An Overview of Somatic Cell Reprogramming....Pages 125-137 Proliferation of Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Role of Enamel Matrix Proteins....Pages 139-145 Pluripotent Cell-Derived Glial Precursor Cells for the Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins to the Central Nervous System....Pages 147-160 Cellularized Scaffolds: New Clothes for Cardiac Regenerative Medicine....Pages 161-174 Microencapsulation Procedures for the Immunoisolation of Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review....Pages 175-191 Front Matter....Pages 193-193 Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells: Markers, Selection and Prospective Clinical Applications....Pages 195-201 Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Therapy Through Paracrine Actions....Pages 203-216 Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Natural Killer Cell Interactions....Pages 217-224 Malignant Gliomas: Treatment Using Genetically-Modified Neural Stem Cells....Pages 225-234 Front Matter....Pages 193-193 The Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis and Its Impact on the Design of New Cancer Therapies....Pages 235-248 Breast Cancer Stem Cell: Translating to the Clinic....Pages 249-257 Enhanced Growth and Metastasis of Colon Cancer: Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells....Pages 259-266 Proteomic Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Populations Derived from Various Tissue Types....Pages 267-284 Front Matter....Pages 285-285 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Patients: Immune Recovery After Stem Cell Transplantation....Pages 287-296 Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells Aid the Injured Brain Through Trophic Support Mechanisms....Pages 297-303 Back Matter....Pages 305-319 It is difficult to overstate the potential applications of stem-cell biology to our understanding of, and responses to, disease and injury. This volume aims to bring to its readers authoritative and responsive coverage of aspects of the field that will keep them up-to-date in a fast-moving scientific landscape. The fourth volume in the series on stem cells and their cancer-carrying counterparts, this book sets out the plethora of therapeutic applications offered by a group of specific stem cells in tackling disease and tissue injury. The list of subjects includes embryonic, induced pluripotent, human hair follicle, bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal, adipose-derived, cancer, and breast cancer stem cells, in addition to periodontal/progenitor cells. The adaptability of human embryonic stem cells, which have the potential to develop into any cell type, ensures them an especially detailed treatment. Contributions explore the causal influence of cancer stem cells in malignancies such as cancer and breast cancer, and delineate the way mesenchymal stem cells contribute to the growth and metastasis of colon cancer. Shifting from disease to treatment, the text explains the therapeutic value of transplanting mesenchymal stem cells to the injured brain as an aid to its recovery. It includes material, too, on the exciting prospect of valuable new targeted cancer drugs borne of our increasing understanding of the molecular pathways peculiar to tumor biology. Key topics, such as the benefit of stem cell transplantation to immune system recovery among severe combined immunodeficiency patients, and the treatment of malignant gliomas using genetically modified neural stem cells as markers, provide a window on cutting-edge work in these specialized subjects. The extensive scope and detailed analysis of this volume, and of the series to which it belongs, mean that whether readers want a breakdown of the impact being made by cancer stem cell research on the design of next-generation cancer therapies, or details of the way stem cells could transform regenerative medicine by repairing damage to vital organs and tissues, they will find these--and much more--here Vast therapeutic applications of the following specific stem cells in disease and tissue injury are discussed: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human hair follical stem cells, bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, periodontal/progenitor cells, cancer stem cells, and breast cancer stem cells. Because human embryonic stem cells possess the potential to produce unlimited quantities of any human cell type, considerable focus is placed on this type of stem cells in this volume. Role of cancer stem cells, specifically in breast cancer is e Vast therapeutic applications of the following specific stem cells in disease and tissue injury are discussed: human embryonic stem cells, human mesenchymal stem cells, germ cell-derived pluripotent stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells, breast tumor stem cells,and hematopoietic stem cells. This book discusses therapeutic application of specific stem cells: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human hair follical stem cells, bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells, cancer and breast cancer stem cells, among others.