Stem Cell Therapy for Vascular Diseases : State of the Evidence and Clinical Applications

Vascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Distinguished clinical and surgical approaches have attempted to overcome its morbidity and mortality; still 17.9 million people die every year due to vascular affections. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Stem cells synthesize and secrete cytokines that promote cell recruitment, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and neuroregeneration, all of which promote regeneration. Besides that, stem cells are also capable of differentiating in various cell types, being employed in tissue engineering. Preclinical and clinical investigations have reported efficacy of stem cell therapy for various vascular diseases. Even though results are encouraging, the studies demonstrate variation in stem cell type and origin, route and protocol for administration, and concomitant use of other treatment strategies, impairing easy interpretation of results and clinical application. The purpose of this book is to compile and comprise the current state of the evidence regarding stem cell therapy for each vascular disease, elucidating possible clinical applications. More than an objective guide for readers on the use of this novel treatment strategy, this publication will advocate for stem cell therapy use and development and will be of significant interest to physicians in a wide range of disciplines as well as researchers. Front Matter ....Pages i-xii Introduction to Stem Cell Therapy and Its Application in Vascular Diseases (Lara Lellis Navarro Minchillo Lopes, Tulio Pinho Navarro, Alan Dardik)....Pages 1-32 Types and Origin of Stem Cells (Lucíola da Silva Barcelos, Pollyana Ribeiro Castro, Elisabeth Tamara Straessler, Nicolle Kränkel)....Pages 33-68 Stem Cell Delivery Techniques for Stroke and Peripheral Artery Disease (Shin-Rong Lee, Arash Fereydooni, Alan Dardik)....Pages 69-103 The Ethical Challenges of Stem Cell Therapy in Vascular Disorders (Ramesh K. Batra)....Pages 105-113 Bone Marrow-Derived Cells: From the Laboratory to the Clinic (Justin R. King, Jie Xie, Michael P. Murphy)....Pages 115-128 Angiogenesis: Perspectives from Therapeutic Angiogenesis (Monique Bethel, Vishal Arora, Brian H. Annex)....Pages 129-153 Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers (Hallie J. Quiroz, Zhao-Jun Liu, Omaida C. Velazquez)....Pages 155-171 Venous Foot and Leg Ulcers (Edith Tzeng, Kathy Gonzalez)....Pages 173-198 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells for Vascular Regeneration (Biraja C. Dash)....Pages 199-219 Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Vasculitis (Lianming Liao, Yongquan Gu)....Pages 221-230 Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Endothelial Progenitor Cell Transplantation for Buerger’s Disease (Lianming Liao, Yongquan Gu)....Pages 231-243 Changing the Course of Peripheral Arterial Disease Using Adult Stem Progenitor Cells (Mark Niven, Galit Sivak, Shlomo Baytner, Roman Liberson, Shlomo Bulvik, Yael Porat et al.)....Pages 245-280 Stem Cell Delivery for the Treatment of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure (Akshaar N. Brahmbhatt, Sanjay Misra)....Pages 281-297 Stem Cell Therapy to Improve Acute Myocardial Infarction Remodeling (Jolanta Gorecka, Alan Dardik)....Pages 299-329 Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke (S. M. Robert, C. Matouk)....Pages 331-345 Use of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (Benjamin Press, Stanton C. Honig)....Pages 347-365 Stem Cell Therapy for Ophthalmic Vascular Disease (Caio Vinicius Regatieri, Augusto Vieira, Marcio Bittar Nehemy)....Pages 367-384 Stem Cell Therapy Delivery in Liver Disease (John Langford, Gregory T. Tietjen)....Pages 385-405 Stem Cell Therapy for Lymphedema (Dylan McLaughlin, Angela Cheng, Luke Brewster)....Pages 407-420 Back Matter ....Pages 421-425 Vascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Distinguished clinical and surgical approaches have attempted to overcome its morbidity and mortality; still 17.9 million people die every year due to vascular afflictions. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Stem cells synthesize and secrete cytokines that promote cell recruitment, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and neuroregeneration, all of which promote regeneration. Besides that, stem cells are also capable of differentiating in various cell types, being employed in tissue engineering. Preclinical and clinical investigations have reported efficacy of stem cell therapy for various vascular diseases. Even though results are encouraging, the studies demonstrate variation in stem cell type and origin, route and protocol for administration, and concomitant use of other treatment strategies, impairing easy interpretation of results and clinical application. The purpose of this book is to compile and comprise the current state of the evidence regarding stem cell therapy for each vascular disease, elucidating possible clinical applications. More than an objective guide for readers on the use of this novel treatment strategy, this publication will advocate for stem cell therapy use and development and will be of significant interest to physicians in a wide range of disciplines as well as researchers