Statins : indications and uses, safety and modes of action9780736074476

This new book focuses on statins which are a relatively new group of drugs used to lower blood cholesterol levels. A high cholesterol level increases a person's risk of having a heart attack or stroke. The long-term use of statins reduces the risk of such an event and can increase the life expectancy of people with a history of heart disease. The statins work by blocking an enzyme in the body that is involved in the production of LDL cholesterol, especially in the liver. This enzyme is known as HMG coenzyme A reductase. The statins are the most effective group of drugs for lowering the levels of LDL cholesterol in the body. Potential side-effects include muscle cramps and gastrointestinal upsets. These are usually resolved on temporarily lowering the dose. Liver enzyme derangements may occur, which generally return to normal after briefly discontinuing the drug. Some report headaches. Other side-effects occur rarely. STATINS: INDICATIONS AND USES, SAFETY AND MODES OF ACTION......Page 3 CONTENTS......Page 7 PREFACE......Page 9 INTRODUCTION......Page 15 PREVENTION OF CORONARY EVENTS BY STATINS IN CLINICAL TRIALS......Page 16 STATINS’ LIPID-INDEPENDENT EFFECTS FOR VASCULAR FAILURE......Page 18 REFERENCES......Page 32 INTRODUCTION......Page 41 TYPES OF ADVERSE EVENTS......Page 42 THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION......Page 49 DISCUSSION......Page 50 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 51 REFERENCES......Page 52 ABSTRACT......Page 61 INTRODUCTION......Page 62 SUBJECTS AND METHODS......Page 63 RESULTS......Page 66 DISCUSSION......Page 68 APPENDIX......Page 70 REFERENCES......Page 71 ABSTRACT......Page 75 INTRODUCTION......Page 76 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS......Page 77 RESULTS......Page 78 DISCUSSION......Page 81 REFERENCES......Page 83 PLEIOTROPIC EFFECTS OF STATINS......Page 87 PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION AND APOPTOSIS......Page 89 STATINS STABILIZE ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE BY ENZYME INHIBITION......Page 90 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES......Page 91 IMMUNOMODULATING PROPERTIES......Page 92 STATIN-MEDIATED PROMOTION OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS......Page 93 STATINS PREVENT LDL-PROTEOGLYCAN INTERACTION......Page 94 HEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOGENICITY......Page 95 STATINS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS......Page 96 STATINS AS ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC THERAPY......Page 97 REFERENCES......Page 98 ABSTRACT......Page 105 THE VULNERABLE PLAQUE......Page 106 PLEIOTROPIC EFFECTS OF STATINS......Page 108 STATINS IN EARLY SECONDARY PREVENTION......Page 110 STATINS IN THE THERAPY OF ACS......Page 113 CONCLUSION......Page 115 REFERENCES......Page 116 ABSTRACT......Page 127 INTRODUCTION......Page 128 THE FIRST CASE REPORT OF A BAD HDL-C RESPONDER TO STATINS......Page 129 CONFIRMATION ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF BAD HDL-C RESPONDERS......Page 130 THE PREVALENCE OF BAD HDL-C RESPONDERS......Page 134 CAUSES FOR BAD HDL-C RESPONSE......Page 138 THE GUIDELINES ABOUT LOW HDL-C......Page 140 THE TREATMENT OF BAD HDL-C RESPONDERS......Page 144 THE FUTURE RESEARCH ON BAD HDL-C RESPONDERS TO STATINS......Page 149 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 151 REFERENCES......Page 152 ABSTRACT......Page 157 MECHANISM OF ACTION OF STATINS......Page 158 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES (MAPKS) PATHWAYS......Page 159 STATINS, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND MAPKS......Page 163 STATINS, IMMUNOLOGIC SYSTEM AND MAPKS......Page 174 REFERENCES......Page 177 INDEX......Page 197 Statin therapy for coronary artery disease beyond lipid lowering effect / Teruo Inoue, Koichi Node Side effects of statins in monotherapy / Helmut Sinzinger, Bernhard A. Peskar Preliminary findings about the trends of the renal hemodynamics and the proxies of cardiovascular risk during a short course of atorvastatin therapy in essential hypertensives / Luigi Vernaglione Beneficial effects of addition of fenofibrate to statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary interventions / Hetal D. Shah ... [et al.] Non-lipid lowering effects of statins / A. Schmidt Statins in the therapy of acute coronary syndrome / Petr Ostadal Beneficial effects of addition of fenofibrate to statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary interventions / Hetal D. Shah ... [et al.] Bad HDL-C responders to statins / Dirk Devroey Beneficial effects of statins in systemic lupus erythematosus : molecular mechanism involved / Antonio G. Tristano.