States Of War Since 9/11: Terrorism, Sovereignty And The War On Terror (routledge Critical Terrorism Studies)

This multidisciplinary edited volume explores how the spread of the 'War on Terror' has entwined matters of state sovereignty and states of war into mutually-affecting relations. This multidisciplinary edited volume explores how the spread of the 'War on Terror' has entwined matters of state sovereignty and states of war into mutually affecting relations. Pre-emptive attacks on terrorist groups in 'rogue' states, 'outsourcing' of state militancy and the mutable state of armed conflict required to wage a 'hybrid war' have increasingly been issues for the War on Terror. Moreover, such measures have seen the spread of this war to countries such as Israel, Russia, Ethiopia, and Uganda, all of whom have justified their own attacks in other nation-states as a war of 'self-defence' against terrorism. States of War since 9/11 offers a timely, innovative analysis of how the War on Terror has taken on different modes of militancy and militarisation in spreading to different nation-states and regions. Featuring a multidisciplinary line-up of eminent contributors, the book ranges in reference from the early stages of the war up to France's 2013 intervention in Mali. Part One examines the various modes of war and militarisation that have been employed in particular nation-states, including Afghanistan, Russia and Chechnya, and Israel and Palestine. Part Two examines how the war's innovations have more generally involved 'just war theory', biopolitics and sovereignty, networked battlespace, new military urbanism, citizenship, homeland security and surveillance. Overall, this book offers a fresh insight into how states have attempted to secure their own bounds by extending the boundaries of war itself. This book will be of much interest to students of critical terrorism studies, foreign policy and IR in general. This multidisciplinary edited volume explores how the spread of the 'War on Terror' has entwined matters of state sovereignty and states of war into mutually affecting relations. Pre-emptive attacks on terrorist groups in 'rogue' states, 'outsourcing' of state militancy and the mutable state of armed conflict required to wage a 'hybrid war' have increasingly been issues for the War on Terror. Moreover, such measures have seen the spread of this war to countries such as Israel, Russia, Ethiopia, and Uganda, all of whom have justified their own attacks in other nation-states as a war of 'self-defence' against terrorism. States of War since 9/11 offers a timely, innovative analysis of how the War on Terror has taken on different modes of militancy and militarisation in spreading to different nation-states and regions. Featuring a multidisciplinary line-up of eminent contributors, the book ranges in reference from the early stages of the war up to France's 2013 intervention in Mali. Part One examines the various modes of war and militarisation that have been employed in particular nation-states, including Afghanistan, Russia and Chechnya, and Israel and Palestine. Part Two examines how the war's innovations have more generally involved 'just war theory', biopolitics and sovereignty, networked battlespace, new military urbanism, citizenship, homeland security and surveillance. Overall, this book offers a fresh insight into how states have attempted to secure their own bounds by extending the boundaries of war itself. This book will be of much interest to students of critical terrorism studies, foreign policy and IR in general Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 6 Copyright Page 7 Table of Contents 8 Notes on contributors 10 Acknowledgements 13 Introduction: states at war and modes of war since 9/11 14 I 14 II 17 III 22 IV 28 References 32 Part I 36 1. Afghanistan, Pakistan and the War on Terror 38 Introduction 38 1 The Afghanistan context 39 2 The United States context 41 3 The extension of the war 42 4 Reality intrudes 43 5 Explanations 44 6 The Pakistan context 47 7 Al Qaeda and Afghanistan 49 8 The Obama administration and Afghanistan 51 9 Al Qaeda, jihad and the Arab Awakening 52 10 Pakistan, India and the United States 54 11 States of war 55 References 58 2. Russia’s War on Terror: nationalism, Islam and Chechenization 60 Introduction 60 1 International terrorism, propaganda and the Russian state 62 2 Chechnya, the West and 9/11 67 3 Beslan, Chechenization and domestic reform 72 Conclusion 74 Notes 76 References 76 3. Female militancy and the Wars on Terror: revisiting feminist interventions from South Asia 80 Introduction 80 1 Frames of intelligibility: tracing female militancy 81 2 The terrorism archive 83 3 Locating female militancy in Sri Lanka 86 4 Apprehending female militancy 89 Notes 93 References 94 4. The inevitable War on Terror: de-terrorising the Palestinians 97 Introduction 97 1 Palestine as a state of war: paradigmatic remarks 99 2 Historicising Palestinian terrorism, 1882 to 2009 101 3 The PLO: epitomising Palestinian terrorism 103 4 The current image: terrorists or partners for peace? 106 5 Post-2000 converging the two ‘Wars on Terror’ 108 6 ‘What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun’ (Ecclesiastes 1:9) 111 References 113 5. A tale of two insurgencies: oil, authority and the spectre of terror in Nigeria 116 Introduction 116 1 Regional insurgency, national leviathan 119 2 The politics of dispossession and resentment 123 3 States of emergency and the war on terror: Boko Haram and MEND compared 129 Boko Haram and the politics of takfir 130 MEND and the spatial dynamics of insurgency 133 4 States of terror 136 Notes 138 References 140 6. From Terror War to liberal humanitarian wars: the case of the NATO Libyan intervention 143 Introduction 143 1 Libya, the Qaddafi spectacle and insurrection 144 2 NATO war in Libya, Phase One: no-fly zone 149 3 Libya war Phase Two: NATO takes command 155 4 The NATO Libyan intervention and the dilemmas of liberal-humanitarian war 157 Notes 160 References 162 7. Reincarnating Al Qaeda: the global War on Terror and the ‘Arab Spring’ 164 Introduction 164 The scope of the chapter 166 1 The GWOT and the ‘Arab Spring’ 167 2 The creation and manipulation of AQIM 169 Al Qaeda in the West for the West 171 The DRS/AQIM role in the Arab Spring’s counter-revolution 173 3 The reincarnation of Al Qaeda 175 The Malian ‘crisis’ 175 The In Amenas terrorist attack 177 4 States of war 179 Notes 180 References 181 Part II 182 8. Between the devil and the deep blue sea: thinking in new ways about just war 184 Introduction 184 1 The concept of just war 185 2 Our moral compass 188 3 A recognition of history 191 Conclusion 195 Notes 197 References 197 9. Fighting states of subjection: the biopolitical stakes of the liberal War on Terror 200 Introduction 200 1 Butler’s liberalism 202 2 Resourcing political subjectivity 209 3 The beyond of liberal biopolitics 211 Conclusion 214 References 215 10. Recombinant resilience and the temptations of global interdiction 217 Introduction 217 1 The evolution of a global counterinsurgency 217 2 The network trope and global battle space 219 3 The geometry of networks: beyond planes and contiguity 220 4 Networks and the urbanisation of (in)security 223 5 Flexibility, ambivalence, recombinance 225 6 Recombinant resilience 226 7 Expansion and omnipresence 228 Conclusion: the temptations of interdiction 230 Acknowledgements 232 Notes 232 References 233 11. States of urban war: understanding the new military urbanism 237 Rural soldiers, urban war 238 Tracking: citizen-consumer soldier 239 Camera-weapon spectacles of urban violence 242 Security surge 244 Cosmopolitanism and homeland 246 New state spaces of violence 247 References 250 12. War and the contingency of citizenship 252 Introduction 252 1 The architecture of war and security 253 2 War, security and the social sphere 261 3 Rights and ‘suspect citizens’ 265 Notes 267 References 268 Index 271 Terrorism, Sovereignty and the War on Terror This Multidisciplinary Edited Volume Explores How The Spread Of The 'war On Terror' Has Entwined Matters Of State Sovereignty And States Of War Into Mutually-affecting Relations. Pre-emptive Attacks On Terrorist Groups In 'rogue' States; 'outsourcing' Of State Militancy; And The Mutable State Of Armed Conflict Required To Wage A 'hybrid War' Have Increasingly Been Issues For The 'war On Terrorism' (wot). Taken Together, They Also Provide Just One Example Of How Any Detailed Exploration Of The States Involved Needs To Address Not Only Matters Of Nation-state Sovereignty, But Also The Modes (states) Of Militancy That The War On Terror Has Assumed In Spreading Internationally. Moreover, Such Measures Have Seen The Spread Of The War On Terror To Countries Such As Israel, Russia, Ethiopia, And Uganda, All Of Whom Have Justified Their Own Attacks In Other Nation-states As A War Of 'self Defence' Against Terrorism.^ And As The War On Terror Has Spread With The Willingness Of Other Countries To Adopt It, Those Countries Have In Turn Adapted Emergency Modes Of War-- Including Targeted Assassinations, Indefinite Detention, Rendition, And Torture. This Work Relates Legal And Political Aspects Of The War On Terror And Also Incorporates A 'war And Society Approach' In Order To Examine How Society Has Effected Changes In War, And How War And Militarization Have Assumed Various States In Society. Doing So Allows For Consideration Of How Different 'states' Have Become Interconnected In The War On Terror--^ Including States Of Warfare And National Governance, And Those Of Social Affect. Part I Offers A Series Of Framing Chapters That Take A Broad View Of Particular Issues; After The Framing Chapters Of Part One, The Chapters In Part Ii Examine How Modes (states) Of The War On Terror Have Spread As A Result Of Being Taken Up In Various Nation-states. In Relating Various States Of War And Wars Against States, This Volume Will Be A Significant And Novel Contribution To Critical Study Of The War On Terror. While Most Other Studies Of It Have Limited Their Purview To A Principal Cast Of Nation-states (usa, Uk, Iraq, Afghanistan), This Volume Focuses On Ways In Which The War On Terror Has Proliferated Beyond Those States. And Whereas Most Other Studies Have Limited Their Analysis Of The Modes Of War To A Particular Perspective (e.g., International Law, Security, Or Development), This Volume Addresses How Those Modes Have Ramified And Thus Assumed Various States In The Process Of Being Spread.^ This Book Will Be Of Much Interest To Students Of Critical Terrorism Studies, -- Introduction: States At War And Modes Of War Since 9/11 / Alex Houen -- Afghanistan, Pakistan And The War On Terror / Paul Rogers -- Russia's War On Terror: Nationalism, Islam And Chechenization / Emma Gilligan -- Female Militancy And The Wars On Terror: Revisiting Feminist Interventions From South Asia / Neloufer De Mel -- The Inevitable War On Terror: De-terrorising The Palestinians / Ilan Pappé -- A Tale Of Two Insurgencies: Oil, Authority And The Spectre Of Terror In Nigeria / Michael J. Watts -- From Terror War To Liberal Humanitarian Wars: The Case Of The Nato Libyan Intervention / Douglas Kellner -- Reincarnating Al Qaeda: The Global War On Terror And The 'arab Spring' / Jeremy H. Keenan -- Between The Devil And The Deep Blue Sea: Thinking In New Ways About Just War / Cian O'driscoll -- Fighting States Of Subjection: The Biopolitical Stakes Of The Liberal War On Terror / Julian Reid -- Recombinant Resilience And The Temptations Of Global Interdiction / Martin Coward -- States Of Urban War: Understanding The New Military Urbanism / Stephen Graham -- War And The Contingency Of Citizenship / Vivienne Jabri. Edited By Alex Houen. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.