States, Nations and Borders: The Ethics of Making Boundaries (Ethikon Series in Comparative Ethics (Hardcover))

This volume examines comparatively the views and principles of seven prominent ethical traditions on the issue of the making of state and national boundaries. The traditions represented are Judaism, Christianity, Islam, natural law, Confucianism, liberalism and international law. Each contributor is an expert within one of these traditions and demonstrates how that tradition can handle the five dominant methods of altering state and national boundaries: conquest, settlement, purchase, inheritance and secession. Readers range from upper-level undergraduates to scholars in philosophy, political science, international relations and comparative religion. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Series-title......Page 5 Title......Page 7 Copyright......Page 8 Contents......Page 9 About the Contributors......Page 11 Acknowledgments......Page 15 1 Introduction: The Making and Unmaking of Boundaries......Page 17 1. The Problem of Defining a Tradition and Theorizing about Traditions......Page 19 2. Ethical Traditions, Boundaries, and Territory......Page 22 3. Structure of the Volume......Page 28 Notes to Chapter 1......Page 30 PART 1 THE JEWISH TRADITION......Page 33 Introduction......Page 35 The Idea of a Holy Land......Page 37 Borders......Page 39 A. Biblical Norms......Page 40 B. Rabbinic Attitudes......Page 42 Settlement, Purchase, and Inheritance......Page 43 Secession......Page 45 State of Israel or Land of Israel......Page 47 Conclusion: Territory as a Value......Page 49 Notes to Chapter 2......Page 50 1. Holiness and Boundaries......Page 57 2. Ownership......Page 60 3. Applying Universal Principles: The Principle of Conquest......Page 62 Notes to Chapter 3......Page 67 PART 2 THE CONFUCIAN TRADITION......Page 71 1. Introduction......Page 73 2. Does Classical Confucianism Allow for (Justifiable) Territorial Boundaries Between States?......Page 74 3. On the Selection of Feasible and Desirable Confucian Values......Page 78 4. General Confucian Principles that Govern the Making and Unmaking of Territorial Boundaries......Page 79 4.2 Pluralism within Unity......Page 80 4.3 The Importance of a Virtuous Ruler......Page 83 5.1 Settlement......Page 84 5.2 Inheritance......Page 86 5.3 Sale-Purchase......Page 87 5.4 Conquest......Page 88 5.5 Secession......Page 89 6. Conclusion......Page 90 Notes to Chapter 4......Page 92 1. Introduction......Page 102 2. Confucian Governance as Family Relations......Page 103 3. Conquest and Sale-Purchase: From ‘‘Cherishing Men from Afar” to Extraterritoriality......Page 106 4. Secession: From “Brush-Talking” and “Shared Civilization” to Translation and Difference......Page 108 5. Settlement and Inheritance: From Datong to Diaspora to Greater China......Page 111 6. Conclusion......Page 112 Notes to Chapter 5......Page 113 PART 3 THE CHRISTIAN TRADITION......Page 117 1. Principles......Page 119 2. Settlement......Page 126 3. Inheritance......Page 132 4. Sale-Purchase......Page 133 5. Conquest......Page 134 7. Conclusions......Page 138 Notes to Chapter 6......Page 140 7 Christianity and Territorial Right......Page 143 1. The Early Christian Response to the Territorial Conceptions of Ancient Judaism......Page 144 2. The Development of a Christian Constitutional Conception......Page 147 3. The Restricted Place of Territory within Christian Constitutional Conceptions......Page 150 4. The Confusion of Property and Jurisdiction......Page 152 Notes to Chapter 7......Page 155 PART 4 THE NATURAL LAW TRADITION......Page 157 1. The Ancient Background......Page 159 2. The Relationships of Post-Roman Kingdoms: Union, Conquest, and Secession......Page 162 3. Was There a World Ruler?......Page 164 4. The Rights of Non-Agricultural Peoples......Page 170 Notes to Chapter 8......Page 181 1. Introduction......Page 187 2......Page 189 Notes to Chapter 9......Page 192 PART 5 THE ISLAMIC TRADITION......Page 195 10 Political Boundaries and Moral Communities: Islamic Perspectives......Page 197 Social Boundaries in the Qur’an and Sunna......Page 199 Sacred Space in the Qur’an and Sunna......Page 202 Political Boundaries in the Qur’an and Sunna......Page 210 The Meaning of Dar al-Islam......Page 212 The Expansion and Contraction of Dar al-Islam: Settlement, Conquest, and Migration......Page 214 The Fragmentation of Dar al-Islam: Secession......Page 218 Notes to Chapter 10......Page 222 11 The Unbounded Law of God and Territorial Boundaries......Page 230 1. Territory as Homeland in the Qur’an......Page 236 2. Territoriality and Universality of Shari’ah......Page 237 3. Rebellion and Secession......Page 239 4. Spatial Boundaries......Page 240 5. Conclusion......Page 241 Notes to Chapter 11......Page 242 PART 6 THE LIBERAL TRADITION......Page 245 How to Ignore Them......Page 247 Confusing Property in Land with Territory......Page 248 The Concept of a Jurisdiction......Page 249 Liberal Democratic Theory: The Peoples’ Territory......Page 250 Distinguishing Rights to Make Rules Within a Jurisdiction from Rights to Create or Alter Jurisdictions......Page 251 A Major Complication......Page 252 3. Settlement as a Mode of Incorporation......Page 253 Settlement and Customary Rights to Land......Page 256 4. Conquest......Page 258 5. Alienation of Territory (exchange, sale, gift)......Page 260 Types of Secession, Theories of the Right to Secede......Page 262 Remedial Right-Only Theories......Page 263 Primary Right Theories......Page 264 Arguments for the Plebiscitary Right View......Page 268 Consent......Page 269 Freedom of Association......Page 270 Democracy......Page 272 Notes to Chapter 12......Page 274 13 Liberalism and Boundaries: A Response to Allen Buchanan......Page 278 Notes to Chapter 13......Page 287 PART 7 THE INTERNATIONAL LAW TRADITION......Page 289 14 International Law and the Making and Unmaking of Boundaries......Page 291 1. Law as an Ethical System......Page 292 Pluralist Statist......Page 294 Solidarist Statist......Page 296 The Law of a Transnational Society......Page 301 3. Settlement, Inheritance, and Sale/Purchase......Page 303 4. Conquest......Page 305 5. Secession......Page 307 Notes to Chapter 14......Page 312 15 People and Boundaries: An “Internationalized Public Law” Approach......Page 314 1. The Pluralism/Solidarism/Transnationalism Heuristic......Page 315 2. Internationalized Public Law......Page 319 3. Settlement......Page 320 4. Inheritance......Page 324 5. Voluntary Transfer (Sale and Purchase)......Page 325 6. Conquest......Page 327 7. Secession......Page 328 Notes to Chapter 15......Page 329 1. Conquest......Page 333 2. Settlement......Page 337 3. Sales/Purchase and 4. Inheritance......Page 344 5. Secession......Page 347 Conclusion......Page 351 Notes to Chapter 16......Page 352 Index......Page 355 Introduction: The Making And Unmaking Of Boundaries / Allen Buchanan And Margaret Moore -- Pt. 1. The Jewish Tradition. Making And Unmaking The Boundaries Of Holy Land / Menachem Lorberbaum ; Man-made Boundaries And Man-made Holiness In The Jewish Tradition / Daniel Statman -- Pt. 2. The Confucian Tradition. The Making And Unmaking Of Boundaries: A Contemporary Confucian Perspective / Daniel Bell ; Borders Of Our Minds: Territories, Boundaries, And Power In The Confucian Tradition / L.h.m. Ling -- Pt. 3. The Christian Tradition. The Christian Tradition / Anthony Pagden ; Christianity And Territorial Right / Oliver O'donovan -- Pt. 4. The Natural Law Tradition. The Making And Unmaking Of Boundaries From The Natural Law Perspective / Richard Tuck ; Natural Law And The Re-making Of Boundaries / John Finnis -- Pt. 5. The Islamic Tradition. Political Boundaries And Moral Communities: Islamic Perspectives / Sohail H. Hashmi ; The Unbounded Law Of God And Territorial Boundaries / Khaled Abou El Fadl -- Pt. 6. The Liberal Tradition. The Making And Unmaking Of Boundaries: What Liberalism Has To Say / Allen Buchanan ; Liberalism And Boundaries: A Response To Allen Buchanan / David Miller -- Pt. 7. The International Law Tradition. International Law And The Making And Unmaking Of Boundaries / Andrew Hurrell ; People And Boundaries: An 'internationalized Public Law' Approach / Benedict Kingsbury. Edited By Allen Buchanan, Margaret Moore. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This volume examines comparatively the views and principles of seven prominent ethical traditions on one of the most pressing issues of modern politics - the making and unmaking of state and national boundaries. The traditions represented are Judaism, Christianity, Islam, natural law, Confucianism, liberalism and international law. Each contributor, an expert within one of these traditions, shows how that tradition can handle the five dominant methods of altering state and national boundaries: conquest, settlement, purchase, inheritance and secession. Written by a distinguished group of international specialists this volume is unique in providing both in-depth normative and comparative perspectives on a troubling question that will offer readers real insight into inter-tradition conflict. Those readers will range from upper-level undergraduates to scholars in such fields as philosophy, political science, international relations and comparative religion.