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This dissertation examines the experiences of Soviet civilians who were forced to abandon their homes in the western parts of the USSR in the wake of the Nazi invasion and relocate to the southern and eastern hinterland of the Soviet Union for the duration of the war. The study focuses on contacts, encounters and interactions among evacuees, Soviet authorities, and local residents at sites of resettlement as individuals attempted to grapple with the upheaval of the war and adapt to changed living conditions on the Soviet home front. In order to illustrate how complex relationships developed, the dissertation focuses on several main issues of contention, such as housing and employment, and sites of encounter, like the market, which became principal arenas of debate and contestation among the groups involved. This study utilizes official reports and decrees, letters penned by evacuees, and personal testimonies to consider the perspectives of diverse historical actors.^ By putting these sources in dialogue with one another, the project reveals how tensions and conflicts unfolded and how and why evacuees succeeded or failed to integrate themselves into local communities. The dissertation argues that by destabilizing the established social order and bringing together individuals from diverse parts of the Soviet Union, the evacuation experience exposed hierarchies and inequalities that characterized Soviet society, thus challenging official claims about Soviet egalitarianism and the "friendship of the nations." At the same time, encounters at sites of resettlement contributed to a transformation in the outlook and self-understanding of Soviet citizens. On the home front, the war years saw the emergence of new entitlement categories and a re-calibration of the terms of belonging within the Soviet state.^ For Soviet Jews, who formed a sizable minority among the evacuated population, the evacuation experience was particularly disturbing as many confronted anti-Semitic attitudes, which forced them to question their faith in the Soviet system. On the larger scale, the dissertation investigates the consequences of mass wartime population displacement and resettlement in the USSR, enabling scholars to better understand the legacies of the Great Patriotic War