Standardization of Epidemiologic Studies of Host Susceptibility

The incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (100M) varies dramatically across racial groups and countries, with annual age-adjusted rates of approximately 40/100,000 per year in Finland, but only 0.51100,000 per year in China. Although reasons for these marked geographic differences are unknown, it is likely that genetic variations across populations play a m~or role. To determine the contribution of genetic factors to the global patterns of 100M incidence, international comparative studies are now being undertaken as part of the WHO Multinational Project for Childhood Oiabetes, known as the DIAMOND Project. It is, therefore, necessary to develop and implement epidemiologic standards for these investigations which can be applied across populations. This will ensure that comparable data are obtained in all countries, and that relevant scientific questions can be properly addressed. The development of standards for molecular epidemiologic studies of 100M is the of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop. During this meeting at the objective University of Pittsburgh, scientists from across the world convened to discuss issues relating to the standardization of: 1. the collection of family history data to assess the risk of 100M in first degree relatives, 2. case-control molecular epidemiology studies of 100M susceptibility, 3. HLA family studies, 4. laboratory methods and ONA technology transfer for genetic marker evaluations. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Preventing Diabetes — A Health Paradigm for the Next Century: Perspectives from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)....Pages 1-2 The Contribution of DIAMOND and Multinational Studies to Epidemiological Research....Pages 3-6 Beyond Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registries: Capture-Recapture Approaches for Monitoring Incidence....Pages 7-12 Epidemiology of IDDM in Childhood in the Baltic Sea Region....Pages 13-25 Standards for IDDM Epidemiology in Asia....Pages 27-33 Standards for Family History Data Collection and Analyses for the WHO DIAMOND Project....Pages 35-41 Siberian IDDM Register and the Collection of Standardized Family History Information....Pages 43-45 The Epidemiology of Familial Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) in Hungary....Pages 47-52 The IDDM Registry in the Province of Turin (Italy): Preliminary Data of the Familial Study....Pages 53-56 The Risk of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes in Offspring of Parents with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes....Pages 57-67 Differential HLA Contribution from Fathers Versus Mothers to IDDM Susceptibility....Pages 69-75 HLA-DR3 and DR4 Allele Segregation in IDDM Families and in Controls....Pages 77-82 Preliminary Results of HLA Serological Typing of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Families in Puerto Rico....Pages 83-88 Case-Control Molecular Epidemiology Studies: Standards for the WHO DIAMOND Project....Pages 89-99 Genetic Determinants of IDDM Incidence: An International Study of HLA Haplotypes in Multiplex Parent — Child Families....Pages 101-110 Challenges in the Genetic Epidemiology of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus....Pages 111-115 Molecular Studies of Genetic Distance and Admixture....Pages 117-124 Immune Markers in Population Surveys and Family Studies....Pages 125-133 Geographic Differences in Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus....Pages 135-143 Does Beta Cell Death Result Exclusively from Genetically-Mediated Autoimmune Mechanisms? A Polemic — The Case for Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus....Pages 145-164 IDDM Epidemiology in Russia: Current and Future Directions....Pages 165-172 HLA-DQB1, DQA1 and DPB1 Alleles in Sardinian Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus....Pages 173-180 Analysis of HLA-DQ Alpha and DQ Beta Genes in Type I (Insulin-dependent) Diabetes....Pages 181-185 The Incidence of IDDM and Molecular HLA-DQB1 Typing in Macedonian Children....Pages 187-192 HLA-DR, DQ System and IDDM in Japanese....Pages 193-200 Immunogenetic Aspects of Adult Onset IDDM in Korea....Pages 201-207 Predisposition to Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Role of HLA and non-HLA Genes....Pages 209-215 Evidence for the “Genetic Admixture Hypothesis” That the Increased Incidence of IDDM Among African Americans Compared to Africans is Due in Large Part to Susceptibility Gene(s) Which Entered Through Admixture with the European American Gene Pool....Pages 217-223 HLA Studies Among North Indian Type I Diabetes....Pages 225-229 Advancements in DNA Technology as Applied to the Study of the Human Histocompatibility Complex....Pages 231-240 Molecular Epidemiology and DNA Technology Transfer: A Program for Developing Countries....Pages 241-255 Effective DNA Technology Transfer to Developing Countries....Pages 257-264 International Research and Training Through the Fogarty International Center....Pages 265-270 Incidence, Seasonal Patterns and Clinical Characteristics of IDDM in the “Three Cities Study” in Poland for the Years 1986–1990....Pages 271-277 High Incidence of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Among African American and Hispanic Children in Chicago....Pages 279-284 Back Matter....Pages 285-285