Stalin and the Bomb : The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939-1956

For forty years the Soviet-American nuclear arms race dominated world politics, yet the Soviet nuclear establishment was shrouded in secrecy. Now that the Cold War is over and the Soviet Union has collapsed, it is possible to answer questions that have intrigued policymakers and the public for years. How did the Soviet Union build its atomic and hydrogen bombs? What role did espionage play? How did the American atomic monopoly affect Stalin's foreign policy? What was the relationship between Soviet nuclear scientists and the country's political leaders? This spellbinding book answers these questions by tracing the history of Soviet nuclear policy from developments in physics in the 1920s to the testing of the hydrogen bomb and the emergence of nuclear deterrence in the mid-1950s. In engrossing detail, David Holloway tells how Stalin launched a crash atomic program only after the Americans bombed Hiroshima and showed that the bomb could be built; how the information handed over to the Soviets by Klaus Fuchs helped in the creation of their first bomb; how the scientific intelligentsia, which included such men as Andrei Sakharov, interacted with the police apparatus headed by the suspicious and menacing Lavrentii Beria; what steps Stalin took to counter U.S. atomic diplomacy; how the nuclear project saved Soviet physics and enabled it to survive as an island of intellectual autonomy in a totalitarian society; and what happened when, after Stalin's death, Soviet scientists argued that a nuclear war might extinguish all life on earth. This magisterial history throws light on Soviet policy at the height of the Cold War, illuminates a central but hitherto secret element of the Stalinist system, and puts into perspective the tragic legacy of this program today―environmental damage, a vast network of institutes and factories, and a huge stockpile of unwanted weapons.

in Engrossing Detail, David Holloway Tells Us How Stalin Launched A Crash Atomic Program Only After The Americans Bombed Hiroshima And Showed That The Bomb Could Be Built; How The Information Handed Over To The Soviets By Klaus Fuchs Helped In The Creation Of Their Bomb; How The Scientific Intelligentsia, Which Included Such Men As Andrei Sakharov, Interacted With The Police Apparatus Headed By The Suspicious And Menacing Lavrentii Beria; What Steps Stalin Took To Counter U.s. Atomic Diplomacy; How The Nuclear Project Saved Soviet Physics And Enabled It To Survive As An Island Of Intellectual Autonomy In A Totalitarian Society; And What Happened When, After Stalin's Death, Soviet Scientists Argued That A Nuclear War Might Extinguish All Life On Earth. This Magisterial History Throws Light On Soviet Policy At The Height Of The Cold War, Illuminates A Central But Hitherto Secret Element Of The Stalinist System, And Puts Into Perspective The Tragic Legacy Of This Program - Today Environmental Damage, A Network Of Secret Cities, And A Huge Stockpile Of Unwanted Weapons.

new York Times Books Of The Century

his Hardheaded Study Gives Little Comfort To Liberals And None To Revisionist Historians....[a] More Complete Story Of Russian Nuclear Weapons Than We Have Had Yet About Our Own.

Contents Illustration Sources Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction 1 Ioffe’s Institute 2 Nuclear Prehistory 3 Reacting to Fission 4 Making a Decision 5 Getting Started 6 Hiroshima 7 The Post-Hiroshima Project 8 The Premises of Policy 9 The Atomic Industry 10 The Atomic Bomb 11 War and the Atomic Bomb 12 The War of Nerves 13 Dangerous Relations 14 The Hydrogen Bomb 15 After Stalin 16 The Atom and Peace Conclusion Bibliographical Note Notes Biographical Notes Index Based on interviews with participants and research in Soviet archives, this work reveals how the American atomic monopoly affected Stalin's foreign policy, the role of espionage in the evolution of the bomb, and the relationship between Soviet nuclear scientists and the country's leaders.