Stability of Slopes and Underground Excavations: Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference 2020 Volume 3 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Book 185)

This book comprises select proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2020 (IGC2020) focusing on recent developments in the field of transportation geotechnics, scour and erosion, offshore geotechnics, and environmental geotechnology. The contents are useful to academicians, researchers, practitioners and policymakers to understand and tackle the challenges in an efficient manner and to adopt appropriate sustainable geotechnical engineering solutions. Contents About the Editors Prediction of Stability of an Infinite Slope Using Geospatial Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Materials 3.2 Methods 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Application of Bi-directional Extreme Learning Machine in Predicting Stability of Slope of Railway Embankment in Seismic Condition 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Conventional Analysis of Slopes 2.2 Extreme Learning Machine 2.3 Bi-directional ELM 3 Slope Stability Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Evaluation of FOS in Static and Seismic Conditions 4.2 Assessment of Bi-directional ELM Model 5 Summary and Conclusion References Risk Assessment and Early Warning System for Landslides in Himalayan Terrain 1 Introduction 2 Early Warning System for Landslides (LEWS) 3 Landslides Zonation Mapping 3.1 Landslide Susceptibility Zoning (LSZ) 3.2 Landslide Risk Zoning (LRZ) 4 Mountains Zones Regulations 5 Existing Methods of Landslide Remediation and Mitigation 6 Conclusions References Numerical Analysis of the Stability of Soil Slope Subjected to Rainwater Infiltration 1 Introduction 2 Slope Geometry and Boundary Conditions 3 Initial Conditions 4 Soil Properties 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of Rainfall on Pore-Water Pressure Generation 5.2 Effect of Rainfall on the Stability of Slope 5.3 Effect of Rainfall on Degree of Saturation 5.4 Strain Response of Slope During Rainfall 6 Conclusions References Response of Sand at Low Normal Stresses Using Gravity Shear Test 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Gravity Induced Shear Test Results 3.2 Direct Shear Test Results 3.3 Strength Envelope 4 Conclusions References Rock Slope Stability Analysis of a Metro Station Excavation 1 Introduction 2 Site Description and Geology 2.1 Major Discontinuities 3 Geotechnical Parameters for Analysis and Design 3.1 Rock Mass 3.2 Rock-Rock Joints 4 Design Methodology 5 Analysis 5.1 Assumptions and Loading 5.2 Analytical Method 5.3 Empirical Method 5.4 Numerical Analysis 6 Instrumentation and Monitoring 7 Comparative Analysis 8 Conclusions References Design of Core of Earthen Dam by Replacement with Geosynthetics 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Embankment Without the Inclusion of GCL 3.2 Embankment with Inclusion of GCL 4 Conclusion References Investigation and Design of Remedial Measures for Landslide in Hunthar Veng, Mizoram—A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Geology 3 Site Description and Assessment of Causative Factors for Landslide 4 Subsurface Profile and Design Parameters 5 Stability Analysis 6 Conclusions References Stability Analysis of Tailings Dam Using Finite Element Approach and Conventional Limit Equilibrium Approach 1 Introduction 2 Site Description 3 Foundation Soil and Tailings Properties 4 Construction of Dam Embankments 5 Stability Analysis Using LEM 5.1 Results and Discussion 6 Stability Analysis Using FEM 6.1 Results and Discussion 7 Comparison of Results Obtained from Lem and Fem 8 Conclusions References Stability Analysis of Slopes at a Landslide Prone Area: A Case Study on the Landslide at Madikere, India 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Properties of Soil 2.3 Properties of Amended Soil 2.4 Stability Analysis of Slopes 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Study of Dry Granular Flow Behaviour with and Without Erodible Layer 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Numerical Analysis of Buried Pipelines Located in Slopes 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Numerical Analysis 2.2 Materials to Be Modeled 2.3 Details of Numerical Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Validation of Finite Element Analysis Against Experimental Result 3.2 Influence of Footing Distance from the Slope Crest on Bearing Capacity of Footing 3.3 Influence on Bearing Capacity After Installation of Pipe in Soil Slope 4 Conclusions References Different Sets of Remediation for Mitigation of Landslides in Hilly Terrains of India 1 Introduction 1.1 Falls 1.2 Topples 1.3 Slides 1.4 Spread 2 Reinforced Earth Structure for Stabilization of Landslide 2.1 Components of Earth Reinforced Structure 3 Soil Nailing Technique for Stabilization of Landslides 3.1 Soil Nailing Technique 3.2 Design Procedure 4 Landslides Remedial Measures––Retaining Structures 4.1 Retaining Structures 4.2 Retaining Wall System 5 Micro-piles or Root Piles for Slope Stabilization 5.1 Advantages of Micro-piles 6 Landslide Remedial Measures––Drainage 6.1 Drainage Remedial Measures––Surface Drainage 6.2 Catch Water Drains 6.3 Deep Trench Drains 6.4 Scupper 6.5 Subsurface Drainage 6.6 Horizontal Drains 7 Bioengineering Measures for Stabilization of Landslides 8 Conclusions References Influence of Fines Content on Stability of Unsaturated Soil Slopes 1 Introduction 2 Literature on Hysteretic SWCC 3 Soils Considered 4 Unsaturated Infinite Slope Stability 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Degree of Hysteresis 6 Conclusions References Stability of Sloped Soil Embankment for Seismic and Tidal Load Combination 1 Introduction 1.1 Equations Used to Find the Factor of Safety 2 Analysis of Sloped Soil Embankment 2.1 Sloped Soil Embankment Under Horizontal Seismic Loading 2.2 Sloped Soil Embankment Under Horizontal Seismic and Tidal Load Combination 3 Effect of Surcharge on the Factor of Safety 3.1 Sloped Soil Embankment Subjected to Seismic Loading 3.2 Sloped Soil Embankment Subjected to a Combination of Seismic and Tidal Loading 4 Conclusions References Monitoring of Landslide in Heavy Rainfall Areas Using Low-Cost Microcontrollers 1 Introduction 1.1 General 2 Laboratory Experiments 2.1 General 2.2 Material Characteristics 2.3 Sensor Characteristics 3 Future Developments Recommended 3.1 General 3.2 Role of Web-Based Service Providers 4 Conclusions References An Experimental Study on the Influence of Water-Level Fluctuation on Stability of Slope of Model River Bank Composed of Cohesionless Material 1 Introduction 2 Objective 2.1 Aim and Objectives 3 Literature Review 4 Experimental Programme and Methodology 4.1 Laboratory Model Study 4.2 Test Procedure and Program 4.3 Materials Used in the Study 4.4 Embankment Geometry 5 Experimental Result and Discussion 5.1 Experimental Data of Pore Pressure and Shear Strength After Drawdown for Hydrograph Case-I 5.2 Calculation of Factor of Safety by Strength Reduction Method 5.3 Results Discussion 6 Conclusions References Rock Mass Index (RMI) to Estimate the Shear Strength Parameters of the Rockmass: Case Study from Lesser Himalayas, Jammu & Kashmir, India 1 Introduction 2 Methodologies 3 Results 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References The Light at the End of the Tunnel––The Sleemanabad Tunnel 1 Introduction 2 Key Terms 3 Project Outline 4 Geotechnical Conditions 5 TBM Selection 5.1 Robbins 6 TBM Technical Specifications 7 Project Launch 7.1 Technical Problems 7.2 Project Back on Track 8 Diary of Tunnel Boring: Segment to Segment 9 Conclusion—Light at the End of a Dark Tunnel References Static and Dynamic Assessment of Tunnel Rock Supports in Weak Rock 1 Introduction 2 Empirical Approach 2.1 Rock Mass Classification 3 Numerical Approach 4 Static Analysis 5 Dynamic Analysis 5.1 Pseudo-Static Analysis 5.2 Time Response Analysis 6 Conclusions References Numerical Study on the Influence of In-Situ Stress Ratio on Stress and Deformation Characteristics of Rock Tunnel 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Mohr–Coulomb Model 4.2 Hoek–Brown Model 5 Conclusions References Active Earth Pressure Distribution Against Braced Wall Considering Arching Effects 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Study 3 Case Study 3.1 Kolkata Metro Construction [5] 3.2 An Idealized Deep Excavation [6] 3.3 Excavation in Shanghai Soft Clay [7] 4 Conclusions References Investigation on Axial Response of Pile Due to Staged Tunnelling: A Numerical Approach 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Validation of Numerical Model 2.2 Soil and Tunnel Parameters 2.3 Numerical Modelling 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Pile Head Settlement 3.2 Effect of Length of the Pile 3.3 Effect of Working Load on Pile 4 Conclusions References Comparison of Limiting Equilibrium and Finite Element Analysis for Embedded Retaining Walls 1 Introduction 2 Cantilever Wall Analysis 3 Analysis of Propped Walls 3.1 Single Propped Wall (CMRL Case Study) 3.2 Multiple Propped Wall 4 Conclusions References Assessment of Effect of Deep Excavation on Adjacent Structures Using Finite Element Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Materials and Methodology 4 Modeling and Parametric Studies 4.1 Simulation of Deep Excavation in Plaxis 2D 4.2 Parametric Study of Contiguous Pile Wall 5 Conclusions References Performance Evaluation of Controlled Blasting and Prediction of Attenuation Relation for Charnockite Rocks 1 Introduction 2 Geology of the Site and Trial Blast Studies 3 Analysis of Actual Blast 4 Conclusions References Embedded Retention Wall Design Practices Consequences and Measures 1 Introduction 2 Method of Analysis and Its Influence 2.1 Method of Analysis 2.2 Case Studies 2.3 Observations 3 Parametric Study 3.1 Effect of the Water Table 3.2 Effect of Over Excavations 3.3 Effect of Surcharge 3.4 Effect of Moment of Inertia of Wall 3.5 Effect of Soil Stiffness 4 Influence of Drained/Undrained Behavior of Soil 5 Discussions and Conclusion References Effect of Overburden Pressure and Soil Parameters on Tunnel-Induced Ground Settlement 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 An Overview 2.2 Mathematical Background 2.3 Numerical Analysis and Computational Method 3 Model of the Study 4 Presentation of Results 5 Discussions on Results 5.1 Surface Settlement for Different Tunnel Depths with the Same Ground Condition 5.2 Surface Settlement for Same Tunnel Depth with Different Ground Conditions 5.3 Comparison of Different Methods 6 Conclusions References Seismic Analysis of Shallow Tunnels in Soil Medium 1 Introduction 2 Tunnel Deformation Under Seismic Loading 2.1 Wang’s Analytical Solution 2.2 Penzien’s Analytical Solution 3 Result of Analytical Solutions 4 Conclusions References Development of Rational Method of Design of Soil Nailing System in Granular Soil 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Gassler Method 2.2 Proposed Method for Design of Driven Nails System 3 Design of Soil Nailing Walls 4 Conclusions References Numerical Analysis on Interaction of Single Pile Tunnel System 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Numerical Studies 2.2 Finite Element Mesh and Boundary Condition 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Validation of Numerical Model 3.2 Ground Surface Settlement Due to Tunneling in Greenfield Condition 3.3 Reduction in Ultimate Load Bearing Capacity of Pile Due to Tunnel 3.4 Parametric Study 4 Conclusions References