St. Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologica : Complete english edition in five volumes

Cover......Page 1 About this book......Page 2 Table of Contents......Page 3 Title Page......Page 153 Article. 1 - Whether, besides philosophy, any further doctrine is required?......Page 154 Article. 2 - Whether sacred doctrine is a science?......Page 155 Article. 4 - Whether sacred doctrine is a practical science?......Page 156 Article. 5 - Whether sacred doctrine is nobler than other sciences?......Page 157 Article. 6 - Whether this doctrine is the same as wisdom?......Page 158 Article. 7 - Whether God is the object of this science?......Page 159 Article. 8 - Whether sacred doctrine is a matter of argument?......Page 160 Article. 9 - Whether Holy Scripture should use metaphors?......Page 161 Article. 10 - Whether in Holy Scripture a word may have several senses?......Page 162 Article. 1 - Whether the existence of God is self-evident?......Page 164 Article. 2 - Whether it can be demonstrated that God exists?......Page 165 Article. 3 - Whether God exists?......Page 166 Question. 3 - OF THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD (EIGHT ARTICLES)......Page 168 Article. 1 - Whether God is a body?......Page 169 Article. 2 - Whether God is composed of matter and form?......Page 170 Article. 3 - Whether God is the same as His essence or nature?......Page 171 Article. 4 - Whether essence and existence are the same in God?......Page 172 Article. 5 - Whether God is contained in a genus?......Page 173 Article. 6 - Whether in God there are any accidents?......Page 174 Article. 7 - Whether God is altogether simple?......Page 175 Article. 8 - Whether God enters into the composition of other things?......Page 176 Article. 1 - Whether God is perfect?......Page 177 Article. 2 - Whether the perfections of all things are in God?......Page 178 Article. 3 - Whether any creature can be like God?......Page 179 Article. 1 - Whether goodness differs really from being?......Page 181 Article. 2 - Whether goodness is prior in idea to being?......Page 182 Article. 3 - Whether every being is good?......Page 183 Article. 4 - Whether goodness has the aspect of a final cause?......Page 184 Article. 5 - Whether the essence of goodness consists in mode, species and order?......Page 185 Article. 6 - Whether goodness is rightly divided into the virtuous*, the useful and the pleasant? [*“Bonum honestum” is the virtuous good considered as fitting. (cf. SS, Q[141], A[3]; SS, Q[145])]......Page 186 Question. 6 - THE GOODNESS OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)......Page 187 Article. 2 - Whether God is the supreme good?......Page 188 Article. 3 - Whether to be essentially good belongs to God alone?......Page 189 Article. 4 - Whether all things are good by the divine goodness?......Page 190 Article. 1 - Whether God is infinite?......Page 191 Article. 2 - Whether anything but God can be essentially infinite?......Page 192 Article. 3 - Whether an actually infinite magnitude can exist?......Page 193 Article. 4 - Whether an infinite multitude can exist?......Page 195 Article. 1 - Whether God is in all things?......Page 196 Article. 2 - Whether God is everywhere?......Page 197 Article. 3 - Whether God is everywhere by essence, presence and power?......Page 198 Article. 4 - Whether to be everywhere belongs to God alone?......Page 200 Article. 1 - Whether God is altogether immutable?......Page 201 Article. 2 - Whether to be immutable belongs to God alone?......Page 202 Article. 1 - Whether this is a good definition of eternity, “The simultaneously-whole and perfect possession of interminable life”?......Page 204 Article. 2 - Whether God is eternal?......Page 205 Article. 3 - Whether to be eternal belongs to God alone?......Page 206 Article. 4 - Whether eternity differs from time?......Page 207 Article. 5 - The difference of aeviternity and time......Page 209 Article. 6 - Whether there is only one aeviternity?......Page 210 Article. 1 - Whether “one” adds anything to “being”?......Page 212 Article. 2 - Whether “one” and “many” are opposed to each other?......Page 213 Article. 3 - Whether God is one?......Page 214 Article. 4 - Whether God is supremely one?......Page 215 Question. 12 - HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US (THIRTEEN ARTICLES)......Page 216 Article. 1 - Whether any created intellect can see the essence of God?......Page 217 Article. 2 - Whether the essence of God is seen by the created intellect through an image?......Page 218 Article. 3 - Whether the essence of God can be seen with the bodily eye?......Page 219 Article. 4 - Whether any created intellect by its natural powers can see the Divine essence?......Page 220 Article. 5 - Whether the created intellect needs any created light in order to see the essence of God?......Page 221 Article. 6 - Whether of those who see the essence of God, one sees more perfectly than another?......Page 222 Article. 7 - Whether those who see the essence of God comprehend Him?......Page 224 Article. 8 - Whether those who see the essence of God see all in God?......Page 225 Article. 9 - Whether what is seen in God by those who see the Divine essence, is seen through any similitude?......Page 226 Article. 10 - Whether those who see the essence of God see all they see in it at the same time?......Page 227 Article. 11 - Whether anyone in this life can see the essence of God?......Page 228 Article. 12 - Whether God can be known in this life by natural reason?......Page 229 Article. 13 - Whether by grace a higher knowledge of God can be obtained than by natural reason?......Page 230 Question. 13 - THE NAMES OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES)......Page 231 Article. 1 - Whether a name can be given to God?......Page 232 Article. 2 - Whether any name can be applied to God substantially?......Page 233 Article. 4 - Whether names applied to God are synonymous?......Page 235 Article. 5 - Whether what is said of God and of creatures is univocally predicated of them?......Page 237 Article. 6 - Whether names predicated of God are predicated primarily of creatures?......Page 238 Article. 7 - Whether names which imply relation to creatures are predicated of God temporally?......Page 240 Article. 8 - Whether this name “God” is a name of the nature?......Page 242 Article. 9 - Whether this name “God” is communicable?......Page 243 Article. 10 - Whether this name “God” is applied to God univocally by nature, by participation, and according to opinion?......Page 244 Article. 11 - Whether this name, HE WHO IS, is the most proper name of God?......Page 246 Article. 12 - Whether affirmative propositions can be formed about God?......Page 247 Question. 14 - OF GOD’S KNOWLEDGE (SIXTEEN ARTICLES)......Page 248 Article. 1 - Whether there is knowledge [*Scientia]?......Page 249 Article. 2 - Whether God understands Himself?......Page 250 Article. 3 - Whether God comprehends Himself?......Page 251 Article. 4 - Whether the act of God’s intellect is His substance?......Page 252 Article. 5 - Whether God knows things other than Himself?......Page 253 Article. 6 - Whether God knows things other than Himself by proper knowledge?......Page 254 Article. 7 - Whether the knowledge of God is discursive?......Page 256 Article. 8 - Whether the knowledge of God is the cause of things?......Page 257 Article. 9 - Whether God has knowledge of things that are not?......Page 258 Article. 10 - Whether God knows evil things?......Page 259 Article. 11 - Whether God knows singular things?......Page 260 Article. 12 - Whether God can know infinite things?......Page 262 Article. 13 - Whether the knowledge of God is of future contingent things?......Page 263 Article. 14 - Whether God knows enunciable things?......Page 265 Article. 15 - Whether the knowledge of God is variable?......Page 266 Article. 16 - Whether God has a speculative knowledge of things?......Page 267 Question. 15 - OF IDEAS (THREE ARTICLES)......Page 268 Article. 1 - Whether there are ideas?......Page 269 Article. 2 - Whether ideas are many?......Page 270 Article. 3 - Whether there are ideas of all things that God knows?......Page 271 Question. 16 - OF TRUTH (EIGHT ARTICLES)......Page 272 Article. 1 - Whether truth resides only in the intellect?......Page 273 Article. 2 - Whether truth resides only in the intellect composing and dividing?......Page 274 Article. 3 - Whether the true and being are convertible terms?......Page 275 Article. 4 - Whether good is logically prior to the true?......Page 276 Article. 6 - Whether there is only one truth, according to which all things are true?......Page 277 Article. 7 - Whether created truth is eternal?......Page 278 Article. 8 - Whether truth is immutable?......Page 279 Article. 1 - Whether falsity exists in things?......Page 281 Article. 2 - Whether there is falsity in the senses?......Page 282 Article. 3 - Whether falsity is in the intellect?......Page 283 Article. 4 - Whether true and false are contraries?......Page 285 Article. 1 - Whether to live belongs to all natural things?......Page 286 Article. 2 - Whether life is an operation?......Page 287 Article. 3 - Whether life is properly attributed to God?......Page 288 Article. 4 - Whether all things are life in God?......Page 290 Article. 1 - Whether there is will in God?......Page 291 Article. 2 - Whether God wills things apart from Himself?......Page 292 Article. 3 - Whether whatever God wills He wills necessarily?......Page 293 Article. 4 - Whether the will of God is the cause of things?......Page 295 Article. 5 - Whether any cause can be assigned to the divine will?......Page 297 Article. 6 - Whether the will of God is always fulfilled?......Page 298 Article. 7 - Whether the will of God is changeable?......Page 299 Article. 8 - Whether the will of God imposes necessity on the things willed?......Page 301 Article. 9 - Whether God wills evils?......Page 302 Article. 10 - Whether God has free-will?......Page 303 Article. 12 - Whether five expressions of will are rightly assigned to the divine will?......Page 304 Article. 1 - Whether love exists in God?......Page 306 Article. 2 - Whether God loves all things?......Page 308 Article. 4 - Whether God always loves more the better things?......Page 309 Question. 21 - THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)......Page 311 Article. 1 - Whether there is justice in God?......Page 312 Article. 2 - Whether the justice of God is truth?......Page 313 Article. 3 - Whether mercy can be attributed to God?......Page 314 Article. 4 - Whether in every work of God there are mercy and justice?......Page 315 Article. 1 - Whether providence can suitably be attributed to God?......Page 316 Article. 2 - Whether everything is subject to the providence of God?......Page 317 Article. 3 - Whether God has immediate providence over everything?......Page 320 Article. 4 - Whether providence imposes any necessity on things foreseen?......Page 321 Article. 1 - Whether men are predestined by God?......Page 322 Article. 2 - Whether predestination places anything in the predestined?......Page 323 Article. 3 - Whether God reprobates any man?......Page 324 Article. 4 - Whether the predestined are chosen by God? [*“Eligantur.”]......Page 325 Article. 5 - Whether the foreknowledge of merits is the cause of predestination?......Page 326 Article. 6 - Whether predestination is certain?......Page 329 Article. 7 - Whether the number of the predestined is certain?......Page 330 Article. 8 - Whether predestination can be furthered by the prayers of the saints?......Page 332 Article. 1 - Whether the book of life is the same as predestination?......Page 333 Article. 2 - Whether the book of life regards only the life of glory of the predestined?......Page 334 Article. 3 - Whether anyone may be blotted out of the book of life?......Page 335 Article. 1 - Whether there is power in God?......Page 336 Article. 2 - Whether the power of God is infinite?......Page 337 Article. 3 - Whether God is omnipotent?......Page 339 Article. 4 - Whether God can make the past not to have been?......Page 341 Article. 5 - Whether God can do what He does not?......Page 342 Article. 6 - Whether God can do better than what He does?......Page 343 Article. 2 - Whether God is called blessed in respect of His intellect?......Page 345 Article. 3 - Whether God is the beatitude of each of the blessed?......Page 346 Question. 27 - The Procession of the Divine Persons (Five Articles)......Page 347 Article. 1 - Whether there is procession in God?......Page 348 Article. 2 - Whether any procession in God can be called generation?......Page 349 Article. 3 - Whether any other procession exists in God besides that of the Word?......Page 350 Article. 4 - Whether the procession of love in God is generation?......Page 351 Article. 5 - Whether there are more than two processions in God?......Page 352 Article. 1 - Whether there are real relations in God?......Page 353 Article. 2 - Whether relation in God is the same as His essence?......Page 355 Article. 3 - Whether the relations in God are really distinguished from each other?......Page 356 Article. 4 - Whether in God there are only four real relations---paternity, filiation, spiration, and procession?......Page 357 Article. 1 - The definition of “person”......Page 359 Article. 2 - Whether “person” is the same as hypostasis, subsistence, and essence?......Page 360 Article. 3 - Whether the word “person” should be said of God?......Page 362 Article. 4 - Whether this word “person” signifies relation?......Page 363 Article. 1 - Whether there are several persons in God?......Page 365 Article. 2 - Whether there are more than three persons in God?......Page 367 Article. 3 - Whether the numeral terms denote anything real in God?......Page 368 Article. 4 - Whether this term “person” can be common to the three persons?......Page 370 Article. 1 - Whether there is trinity in God?......Page 371 Article. 2 - Whether the Son is other than the Father?......Page 372 Article. 3 - Whether the exclusive word “alone” should be added to the essential term in God?......Page 374 Article. 4 - Whether an exclusive diction can be joined to the personal term?......Page 375 Question. 32 - THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES)......Page 376 Article. 1 - Whether the trinity of the divine persons can be known by natural reason?......Page 377 Article. 2 - Whether there are notions in God?......Page 379 Article. 3 - Whether there are five notions?......Page 381 Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful to have various contrary opinions of notions?......Page 382 Article. 1 - Whether it belongs to the Father to be the principle?......Page 383 Article. 2 - Whether this name “Father” is properly the name of a divine person?......Page 384 Article. 3 - Whether this name “Father” is applied to God, firstly as a personal name?......Page 385 Article. 4 - Whether it is proper to the Father to be unbegotten?......Page 386 Article. 1 - Whether Word in God is a personal name?......Page 389 Article. 2 - Whether “Word” is the Son's proper name?......Page 391 Article. 3 - Whether the name “Word” imports relation to creatures?......Page 392 Article. 1 - Whether image in God is said personally?......Page 394 Article. 2 - Whether the name of Image is proper to the Son?......Page 395 Article. 1 - Whether this name “Holy Ghost” is the proper name of one divine person?......Page 396 Article. 2 - Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son?......Page 398 Article. 3 - Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father through the Son?......Page 401 Article. 4 - Whether the Father and the Son are one principle of the Holy Ghost?......Page 402 Article. 1 - Whether “Love” is the proper name of the Holy Ghost?......Page 404 Article. 2 - Whether the Father and the Son love each other by the Holy Ghost?......Page 406 Article. 1 - Whether 'Gift' is a personal name?......Page 408 Article. 2 - Whether 'Gift' is the proper name of the Holy Ghost?......Page 410 Article. 1 - Whether in God the essence is the same as the person?......Page 411 Article. 2 - Whether it must be said that the three persons are of one essence?......Page 412 Article. 3 - Whether essential names should be predicated in the singular of the three persons?......Page 414 Article. 4 - Whether the concrete essential names can stand for the person?......Page 415 Article. 5 - Whether abstract essential names can stand for the person?......Page 417 Article. 6 - Whether the persons can be predicated of the essential terms?......Page 419 Article. 7 - Whether the essential names should be appropriated to the persons?......Page 420 Article. 8 - Whether the essential attributes are appropriated to the persons in a fitting manner by the holy doctors?......Page 421 Question. 40 - OF THE PERSONS AS COMPARED TO THE RELATIONS OR PROPERTIES (FOUR ARTICLES)......Page 424 Article. 1 - Whether relation is the same as person?......Page 425 Article. 2 - Whether the persons are distinguished by the relations?......Page 426 Article. 3 - Whether the hypostases remain if the relations are mentally abstracted from the persons?......Page 427 Article. 4 - Whether the properties presuppose the notional acts?......Page 429 Article. 1 - Whether the notional acts are to be attributed to the persons?......Page 430 Article. 2 - Whether the notional acts are voluntary?......Page 431 Article. 3 - Whether the notional acts proceed from something?......Page 433 Article. 4 - Whether in God there is a power in respect of the notional acts?......Page 435 Article. 5 - Whether the power of begetting signifies a relation, and not the essence?......Page 436 Article. 6 - Whether several persons can be the term of one notional act?......Page 438 Article. 1 - Whether there is equality in God?......Page 439 Article. 2 - Whether the person proceeding is co-eternal with His principle, as the Son with the Father?......Page 441 Article. 3 - Whether in the divine persons there exists an order of nature?......Page 442 Article. 4 - Whether the Son is equal to the Father in greatness?......Page 443 Article. 6 - Whether the Son is equal to the Father in power?......Page 445 Question. 43 - THE MISSION OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (EIGHT ARTICLES)......Page 446 Article. 2 - Whether mission is eternal, or only temporal?......Page 447 Article. 3 - Whether the invisible mission of the divine person is only according to the gift of sanctifying grace?......Page 448 Article. 5 - Whether it is fitting for the Son to be sent invisibly?......Page 450 Article. 6 - Whether the invisible mission is to all who participate grace?......Page 452 Article. 7 - Whether it is fitting for the Holy Ghost to be sent visibly?......Page 453 Article. 8 - Whether a divine person is sent only by the person whence He proceeds eternally?......Page 455 Article. 1 - Whether it is necessary that every being be created by God?......Page 456 Article. 2 - Whether primary matter is created by God?......Page 457 Article. 3 - Whether the exemplar cause is anything besides God?......Page 458 Article. 4 - Whether God is the final cause of all things?......Page 459 Question. 45 - THE MODE OF EMANATION OF THINGS FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE (EIGHT ARTICLES)......Page 460 Article. 1 - Whether to create is to make something from nothing?......Page 461 Article. 2 - Whether God can create anything?......Page 462 Article. 3 - Whether creation is anything in the creature?......Page 463 Article. 4 - Whether to be created belongs to composite and subsisting things?......Page 464 Article. 5 - Whether it belongs to God alone to create?......Page 465 Article. 6 - Whether to create is proper to any person?......Page 467 Article. 7 - Whether in creatures is necessarily found a trace of the Trinity?......Page 469 Article. 8 - Whether creation is mingled with works of nature and art?......Page 470 Article. 1 - Whether the universe of creatures always existed?......Page 471 Article. 2 - Whether it is an article of faith that the world began?......Page 474 Article. 3 - Whether the creation of things was in the beginning of time?......Page 477 Article. 1 - Whether the multitude and distinction of things come from God?......Page 478 Article. 2 - Whether the inequality of things is from God?......Page 480 Article. 3 - Whether there is only one world?......Page 481 Article. 1 - Whether evil is a nature?......Page 482 Article. 2 - Whether evil is found in things?......Page 484 Article. 3 - Whether evil is in good as in its subject?......Page 485 Article. 4 - Whether evil corrupts the whole good?......Page 486 Article. 5 - Whether evil is adequately divided into pain* and fault?......Page 487 Article. 6 - Whether pain has the nature of evil more than fault has?......Page 488 Article. 1 - Whether good can be the cause of evil?......Page 490 Article. 2 - Whether the supreme good, God, is the cause of evil?......Page 491 Article. 3 - Whether there be one supreme evil which is the cause of every evil?......Page 492 Article. 1 - Whether an angel is altogether incorporeal?......Page 494 Article. 2 - Whether an angel is composed of matter and form?......Page 495 Article. 3 - Whether the angels exist in any great number?......Page 498 Article. 4 - Whether the angels differ in species?......Page 499 Article. 5 - Whether the angels are incorruptible?......Page 500 Question. 51 - OF THE ANGELS IN COMPARISON WITH BODIES (THREE ARTICLES)......Page 501 Article. 1 - Whether the angels have bodies naturally united to them?......Page 502 Article. 2 - Whether angels assume bodies?......Page 503 Article. 3 - Whether the angels exercise functions of life in the bodies assumed?......Page 504 Article. 1 - Whether an angel is in a place?......Page 506 Article. 2 - Whether an angel can be in several places at once?......Page 507 Article. 3 - Whether several angels can be at the same time in the same place?......Page 508 Article. 1 - Whether an angel can be moved locally?......Page 509 Article. 2 - Whether an angel passes through intermediate space?......Page 510 Article. 3 - Whether the movement of an angel is instantaneous?......Page 512 Article. 1 - Whether an angel's act of understanding is his substance?......Page 514 Article. 2 - Whether in the angel to understand is to exist?......Page 515 Article. 3 - Whether an angel's power of intelligence is his essence?......Page 516 Article. 4 - Whether there is an active and a passive intellect in an angel?......Page 517 Article. 5 - Whether there is only intellectual knowledge in the angels?......Page 518 Article. 1 - Whether the angels know all things by their substance?......Page 519 Article. 2 - Whether the angels understand by species drawn from things?......Page 520 Article. 3 - Whether the higher angels understand by more universal species than the lower angels?......Page 522 Article. 1 - Whether an angel knows himself?......Page 523 Article. 2 - Whether one angel knows another?......Page 524 Article. 3 - Whether an angle knows God by his own natural principles?......Page 526 Article. 1 - Whether the angels know material things?......Page 527 Article. 2 - Whether an angel knows singulars?......Page 528 Article. 3 - Whether angels know the future?......Page 530 Article. 4 - Whether angels know secret thoughts?......Page 531 Article. 5 - Whether the angels know the mysteries of grace?......Page 533 Article. 1 - Whether the angel's intellect is sometimes in potentiality, sometimes in act?......Page 534 Article. 2 - Whether an angel can understand many things at the same time?......Page 535 Article. 3 - Whether an angel's knowledge is discursive?......Page 536 Article. 4 - Whether the angels understand by composing and dividing?......Page 537 Article. 5 - Whether there can be falsehood in the intellect of an angel?......Page 538 Article. 6 - Whether there is a 'morning' and an 'evening' knowledge in the angels?......Page 539 Article. 7 - Whether the morning and evening knowledge are one?......Page 541 Article. 1 - Whether there is will in the angels?......Page 542 Article. 2 - Whether in the angels the will differs from the intellect?......Page 543 Article. 3 - Whether there is free-will in the angels?......Page 545 Article. 4 - Whether there is an irascible and a concupiscible appetite in the angels?......Page 546 Article. 1 - Whether there is natural love or dilection in an angel?......Page 547 Article. 2 - Whether there is love of choice in the angels?......Page 548 Article. 3 - Whether the angel loves himself with both natural love, and love of choice?......Page 549 Article. 4 - Whether an angel loves another with natural love as he loves himself?......Page 550 Article. 5 - Whether an angel by natural love loves God more than he loves himself?......Page 551 Article. 1 - Whether the angels have a cause of their existence?......Page 553 Article. 2 - Whether the angel was produced by God from eternity?......Page 554 Article. 3 - Whether the angels were created before the corporeal world?......Page 555 Article. 4 - Whether the angels were created in the empyrean heaven?......Page 556 Article. 1 - Whether the angels were created in beatitude?......Page 557 Article. 2 - Whether an angel needs grace in order to turn to God?......Page 558 Article. 4 - Whether an angel merits his beatitude?......Page 560 Article. 5 - Whether the angel obtained beatitude immediately after one act of merit?......Page 562 Article. 6 - Whether the angels receive grace and glory according to the degree of their natural gifts?......Page 563 Article. 7 - Whether natural knowledge and love remain in the beatified angels?......Page 564 Article. 9 - Whether the beatified angels advance in beatitude?......Page 565 Article. 1 - Whether the evil of fault can be in the angels?......Page 567 Article. 2 - Whether only the sin of pride and envy can exist in an angel?......Page 569 Article. 3 - Whether the devil desired to be as God?......Page 570 Article. 4 - Whether any demons are naturally wicked?......Page 571 Article. 5 - Whether the devil was wicked by the fault of his own will in the first instant of his creation?......Page 572 Article. 6 - Whether there was any interval between the creation and the fall of the angel?......Page 574 Article. 7 - Whether the highest angel among those who sinned was the highest of all?......Page 575 Article. 8 - Whether the sin of the highest angel was the cause of the others sinning?......Page 576 Article. 9 - Whether those who sinned were as many as those who remained firm?......Page 577 Article. 1 - Whether the demons' intellect is darkened by privation of the knowledge of all truth?......Page 578 Article. 2 - Whether the will of the demons is obstinate in evil?......Page 580 Article. 3 - Whether there is sorrow in the demons?......Page 582 Article. 4 - Whether our atmosphere is the demons' place of punishment?......Page 583 Question. 65 - The Work of Creation of Corporeal Creatures (Four Articles)......Page 584 Article. 1 - Whether corporeal creatures are from God?......Page 585 Article. 2 - Whether corporeal things were made on account of God's goodness?......Page 586 Article. 3 - Whether corporeal creatures were produced by God through the medium of the angels?......Page 587 Article. 4 - Whether the forms of bodies are from the angels?......Page 588 Article. 1 - Whether formlessness of created matter preceded in time its formation?......Page 590 Article. 2 - Whether the formless matter of all corporeal things is the same?......Page 592 Article. 3 - Whether the empyrean heaven was created at the same time as formless matter?......Page 594 Article. 4 - Whether time was created simultaneously with formless matter?......Page 596 Question. 67 - ON THE WORK OF DISTINCTION IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES)......Page 597 Article. 2 - Whether light is a body?......Page 598 Article. 3 - Whether light is a quality?......Page 599 Article. 4 - Whether the production of light is fittingly assigned to the first day?......Page 601 Article. 1 - Whether the firmament was made on the second day?......Page 603 Article. 2 - Whether there are waters above the firmament?......Page 605 Article. 3 - Whether the firmament divides waters from waters?......Page 607 Article. 4 - Whether there is only one heaven?......Page 608 Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting that the gathering together of the waters should take place, as recorded, on the third day?......Page 609 Article. 2 - Whether it was fitting that the production of plants should take place on the third day?......Page 612 Article. 1 - Whether the lights ought to have been produced on the fourth day?......Page 613 Article. 2 - Whether the cause assigned for the production of the lights is reasonable?......Page 616 Article. 3 - Whether the lights of heaven are living beings?......Page 617 Question. 71 - ON THE WORK OF THE FIFTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE)......Page 619 Question. 72 - ON THE WORK OF THE SIXTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE)......Page 621 Article. 1 - Whether the completion of the Divine works ought to be ascribed to the seventh day?......Page 623 Article. 2 - Whether God rested on the seventh day from all His work?......Page 624 Article. 3 - Whether blessing and sanctifying are due to the seventh day?......Page 625 Article. 1 - Whether these days are sufficiently enumerated?......Page 626 Article. 2 - Whether all these days are one day?......Page 628 Article. 3 - Whether Scripture uses suitable words to express the work of the six days?......Page 629 Article. 1 - Whether the soul is a body?......Page 632 Article. 2 - Whether the human soul is something subsistent?......Page 634 Article. 3 - Whether the souls of brute animals are subsistent?......Page 635 Article. 4 - Whether the soul is man?......Page 636 Article. 5 - Whether the soul is composed of matter and form?......Page 637 Article. 6 - Whether the human soul is incorruptible?......Page 639 Article. 7 - Whether the soul is of the same species as an angel?......Page 640 Article. 1 - Whether the intellectual principle is united to the body as its form?......Page 642 Article. 2 - Whether the intellectual principle is multiplied according to the number of bodies?......Page 645 Article. 3 - Whether besides the intellectual soul there are in man other souls essentially different from one another?......Page Cover 1 About this book 2 Table of Contents 3 Title Page 153 First Part 154 Treatise on Sacred Doctrine (Q[1]) 154 Question. 1 - The Nature and Extent of Sacred Doctrine (Ten Articles) 154 Article. 1 - Whether, besides philosophy, any further doctrine is required? 154 Article. 2 - Whether sacred doctrine is a science? 155 Article. 3 - Whether sacred doctrine is one science? 156 Article. 4 - Whether sacred doctrine is a practical science? 156 Article. 5 - Whether sacred doctrine is nobler than other sciences? 157 Article. 6 - Whether this doctrine is the same as wisdom? 158 Article. 7 - Whether God is the object of this science? 159 Article. 8 - Whether sacred doctrine is a matter of argument? 160 Article. 9 - Whether Holy Scripture should use metaphors? 161 Article. 10 - Whether in Holy Scripture a word may have several senses? 162 Treatise on The One God (QQ[2-26]) 164 Question. 2 - The Existence of God (Three Articles) 164 Article. 1 - Whether the existence of God is self-evident? 164 Article. 2 - Whether it can be demonstrated that God exists? 165 Article. 3 - Whether God exists? 166 Question. 3 - OF THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD (EIGHT ARTICLES) 168 Article. 1 - Whether God is a body? 169 Article. 2 - Whether God is composed of matter and form? 170 Article. 3 - Whether God is the same as His essence or nature? 171 Article. 4 - Whether essence and existence are the same in God? 172 Article. 5 - Whether God is contained in a genus? 173 Article. 6 - Whether in God there are any accidents? 174 Article. 7 - Whether God is altogether simple? 175 Article. 8 - Whether God enters into the composition of other things? 176 Question. 4 - THE PERFECTION OF GOD (THREE ARTICLES) 177 Article. 1 - Whether God is perfect? 177 Article. 2 - Whether the perfections of all things are in God? 178 Article. 3 - Whether any creature can be like God? 179 Question. 5 - OF GOODNESS IN GENERAL (SIX ARTICLES) 181 Article. 1 - Whether goodness differs really from being? 181 Article. 2 - Whether goodness is prior in idea to being? 182 Article. 3 - Whether every being is good? 183 Article. 4 - Whether goodness has the aspect of a final cause? 184 Article. 5 - Whether the essence of goodness consists in mode, species and order? 185 Article. 6 - Whether goodness is rightly divided into the virtuous*, the useful and the pleasant? [*“Bonum honestum” is the virtuous good considered as fitting. (cf. SS, Q[141], A[3]; SS, Q[145])] 186 Question. 6 - THE GOODNESS OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 187 Article. 1 - Whether God is good? 188 Article. 2 - Whether God is the supreme good? 188 Article. 3 - Whether to be essentially good belongs to God alone? 189 Article. 4 - Whether all things are good by the divine goodness? 190 Question. 7 - THE INFINITY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 191 Article. 1 - Whether God is infinite? 191 Article. 2 - Whether anything but God can be essentially infinite? 192 Article. 3 - Whether an actually infinite magnitude can exist? 193 Article. 4 - Whether an infinite multitude can exist? 195 Question. 8 - THE EXISTENCE OF GOD IN THINGS (FOUR ARTICLES) 196 Article. 1 - Whether God is in all things? 196 Article. 2 - Whether God is everywhere? 197 Article. 3 - Whether God is everywhere by essence, presence and power? 198 Article. 4 - Whether to be everywhere belongs to God alone? 200 Question. 9 - THE IMMUTABILITY OF GOD (TWO ARTICLES) 201 Article. 1 - Whether God is altogether immutable? 201 Article. 2 - Whether to be immutable belongs to God alone? 202 Question. 10 - THE ETERNITY OF GOD (SIX ARTICLES) 204 Article. 1 - Whether this is a good definition of eternity, “The simultaneously-whole and perfect possession of interminable life”? 204 Article. 2 - Whether God is eternal? 205 Article. 3 - Whether to be eternal belongs to God alone? 206 Article. 4 - Whether eternity differs from time? 207 Article. 5 - The difference of aeviternity and time 209 Article. 6 - Whether there is only one aeviternity? 210 Question. 11 - THE UNITY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 212 Article. 1 - Whether “one” adds anything to “being”? 212 Article. 2 - Whether “one” and “many” are opposed to each other? 213 Article. 3 - Whether God is one? 214 Article. 4 - Whether God is supremely one? 215 Question. 12 - HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) 216 Article. 1 - Whether any created intellect can see the essence of God? 217 Article. 2 - Whether the essence of God is seen by the created intellect through an image? 218 Article. 3 - Whether the essence of God can be seen with the bodily eye? 219 Article. 4 - Whether any created intellect by its natural powers can see the Divine essence? 220 Article. 5 - Whether the created intellect needs any created light in order to see the essence of God? 221 Article. 6 - Whether of those who see the essence of God, one sees more perfectly than another? 222 Article. 7 - Whether those who see the essence of God comprehend Him? 224 Article. 8 - Whether those who see the essence of God see all in God? 225 Article. 9 - Whether what is seen in God by those who see the Divine essence, is seen through any similitude? 226 Article. 10 - Whether those who see the essence of God see all they see in it at the same time? 227 Article. 11 - Whether anyone in this life can see the essence of God? 228 Article. 12 - Whether God can be known in this life by natural reason? 229 Article. 13 - Whether by grace a higher knowledge of God can be obtained than by natural reason? 230 Question. 13 - THE NAMES OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES) 231 Article. 1 - Whether a name can be given to God? 232 Article. 2 - Whether any name can be applied to God substantially? 233 Article. 3 - Whether any name can be applied to God in its literal sense? 235 Article. 4 - Whether names applied to God are synonymous? 235 Article. 5 - Whether what is said of God and of creatures is univocally predicated of them? 237 Article. 6 - Whether names predicated of God are predicated primarily of creatures? 238 Article. 7 - Whether names which imply relation to creatures are predicated of God temporally? 240 Article. 8 - Whether this name “God” is a name of the nature? 242 Article. 9 - Whether this name “God” is communicable? 243 Article. 10 - Whether this name “God” is applied to God univocally by nature, by participation, and according to opinion? 244 Article. 11 - Whether this name, HE WHO IS, is the most proper name of God? 246 Article. 12 - Whether affirmative propositions can be formed about God? 247 Question. 14 - OF GOD’S KNOWLEDGE (SIXTEEN ARTICLES) 248 Article. 1 - Whether there is knowledge [*Scientia]? 249 Article. 2 - Whether God understands Himself? 250 Article. 3 - Whether God comprehends Himself? 251 Article. 4 - Whether the act of God’s intellect is His substance? 252 Article. 5 - Whether God knows things other than Himself? 253 Article. 6 - Whether God knows things other than Himself by proper knowledge? 254 Article. 7 - Whether the knowledge of God is discursive? 256 Article. 8 - Whether the knowledge of God is the cause of things? 257 Article. 9 - Whether God has knowledge of things that are not? 258 Article. 10 - Whether God knows evil things? 259 Article. 11 - Whether God knows singular things? 260 Article. 12 - Whether God can know infinite things? 262 Article. 13 - Whether the knowledge of God is of future contingent things? 263 Article. 14 - Whether God knows enunciable things? 265 Article. 15 - Whether the knowledge of God is variable? 266 Article. 16 - Whether God has a speculative knowledge of things? 267 Question. 15 - OF IDEAS (THREE ARTICLES) 268 Article. 1 - Whether there are ideas? 269 Article. 2 - Whether ideas are many? 270 Article. 3 - Whether there are ideas of all things that God knows? 271 Question. 16 - OF TRUTH (EIGHT ARTICLES) 272 Article. 1 - Whether truth resides only in the intellect? 273 Article. 2 - Whether truth resides only in the intellect composing and dividing? 274 Article. 3 - Whether the true and being are convertible terms? 275 Article. 4 - Whether good is logically prior to the true? 276 Article. 5 - Whether God is truth? 277 Article. 6 - Whether there is only one truth, according to which all things are true? 277 Article. 7 - Whether created truth is eternal? 278 Article. 8 - Whether truth is immutable? 279 Question. 17 - CONCERNING FALSITY (FOUR ARTICLES) 281 Article. 1 - Whether falsity exists in things? 281 Article. 2 - Whether there is falsity in the senses? 282 Article. 3 - Whether falsity is in the intellect? 283 Article. 4 - Whether true and false are contraries? 285 Question. 18 - THE LIFE OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 286 Article. 1 - Whether to live belongs to all natural things? 286 Article. 2 - Whether life is an operation? 287 Article. 3 - Whether life is properly attributed to God? 288 Article. 4 - Whether all things are life in God? 290 Question. 19 - THE WILL OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES) 291 Article. 1 - Whether there is will in God? 291 Article. 2 - Whether God wills things apart from Himself? 292 Article. 3 - Whether whatever God wills He wills necessarily? 293 Article. 4 - Whether the will of God is the cause of things? 295 Article. 5 - Whether any cause can be assigned to the divine will? 297 Article. 6 - Whether the will of God is always fulfilled? 298 Article. 7 - Whether the will of God is changeable? 299 Article. 8 - Whether the will of God imposes necessity on the things willed? 301 Article. 9 - Whether God wills evils? 302 Article. 10 - Whether God has free-will? 303 Article. 11 - Whether the will of expression is to be distinguished in God? 304 Article. 12 - Whether five expressions of will are rightly assigned to the divine will? 304 Question. 20 - GOD'S LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES) 306 Article. 1 - Whether love exists in God? 306 Article. 2 - Whether God loves all things? 308 Article. 3 - Whether God loves all things equally? 309 Article. 4 - Whether God always loves more the better things? 309 Question. 21 - THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 311 Article. 1 - Whether there is justice in God? 312 Article. 2 - Whether the justice of God is truth? 313 Article. 3 - Whether mercy can be attributed to God? 314 Article. 4 - Whether in every work of God there are mercy and justice? 315 Question. 22 - THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 316 Article. 1 - Whether providence can suitably be attributed to God? 316 Article. 2 - Whether everything is subject to the providence of God? 317 Article. 3 - Whether God has immediate providence over everything? 320 Article. 4 - Whether providence imposes any necessity on things foreseen? 321 Question. 23 - OF PREDESTINATION (EIGHT ARTICLES) 322 Article. 1 - Whether men are predestined by God? 322 Article. 2 - Whether predestination places anything in the predestined? 323 Article. 3 - Whether God reprobates any man? 324 Article. 4 - Whether the predestined are chosen by God? [*“Eligantur.”] 325 Article. 5 - Whether the foreknowledge of merits is the cause of predestination? 326 Article. 6 - Whether predestination is certain? 329 Article. 7 - Whether the number of the predestined is certain? 330 Article. 8 - Whether predestination can be furthered by the prayers of the saints? 332 Question. 24 - THE BOOK OF LIFE (THREE ARTICLES) 333 Article. 1 - Whether the book of life is the same as predestination? 333 Article. 2 - Whether the book of life regards only the life of glory of the predestined? 334 Article. 3 - Whether anyone may be blotted out of the book of life? 335 Question. 25 - THE POWER OF GOD (SIX ARTICLES) 336 Article. 1 - Whether there is power in God? 336 Article. 2 - Whether the power of God is infinite? 337 Article. 3 - Whether God is omnipotent? 339 Article. 4 - Whether God can make the past not to have been? 341 Article. 5 - Whether God can do what He does not? 342 Article. 6 - Whether God can do better than what He does? 343 Question. 26 - OF THE DIVINE BEATITUDE (FOUR ARTICLES) 345 Article. 1 - Whether beatitude belongs to God? 345 Article. 2 - Whether God is called blessed in respect of His intellect? 345 Article. 3 - Whether God is the beatitude of each of the blessed? 346 Article. 4 - Whether all other beatitude is included in the beatitude of God? 347 Treatise on The Most Holy Trinity (QQ[27-43]) 347 Question. 27 - The Procession of the Divine Persons (Five Articles) 347 Article. 1 - Whether there is procession in God? 348 Article. 2 - Whether any procession in God can be called generation? 349 Article. 3 - Whether any other procession exists in God besides that of the Word? 350 Article. 4 - Whether the procession of love in God is generation? 351 Article. 5 - Whether there are more than two processions in God? 352 Question. 28 - THE DIVINE RELATIONS (FOUR ARTICLES) 353 Article. 1 - Whether there are real relations in God? 353 Article. 2 - Whether relation in God is the same as His essence? 355 Article. 3 - Whether the relations in God are really distinguished from each other? 356 Article. 4 - Whether in God there are only four real relations---paternity, filiation, spiration, and procession? 357 Question. 29 - THE DIVINE PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES) 359 Article. 1 - The definition of “person” 359 Article. 2 - Whether “person” is the same as hypostasis, subsistence, and essence? 360 Article. 3 - Whether the word “person” should be said of God? 362 Article. 4 - Whether this word “person” signifies relation? 363 Question. 30 - THE PLURALITY OF PERSONS IN GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 365 Article. 1 - Whether there are several persons in God? 365 Article. 2 - Whether there are more than three persons in God? 367 Article. 3 - Whether the numeral terms denote anything real in God? 368 Article. 4 - Whether this term “person” can be common to the three persons? 370 Question. 31 - OF WHAT BELONGS TO THE UNITY OR PLURALITY IN GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) 371 Article. 1 - Whether there is trinity in God? 371 Article. 2 - Whether the Son is other than the Father? 372 Article. 3 - Whether the exclusive word “alone” should be added to the essential term in God? 374 Article. 4 - Whether an exclusive diction can be joined to the personal term? 375 Question. 32 - THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES) 376 Article. 1 - Whether the trinity of the divine persons can be known by natural reason? 377 Article. 2 - Whether there are notions in God? 379 Article. 3 - Whether there are five notions? 381 Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful to have various contrary opinions of notions? 382 Question. 33 - OF THE PERSON OF THE FATHER (FOUR ARTICLES) 383 Article. 1 - Whether it belongs to the Father to be the principle? 383 Article. 2 - Whether this name “Father” is properly the name of a divine person? 384 Article. 3 - Whether this name “Father” is applied to God, firstly as a personal name? 385 Article. 4 - Whether it is proper to the Father to be unbegotten? 386 Question. 34 - OF THE PERSON OF THE SON (THREE ARTICLES) 389 Article. 1 - Whether Word in God is a personal name? 389 Article. 2 - Whether “Word” is the Son's proper name? 391 Article. 3 - Whether the name “Word” imports relation to creatures? 392 Question. 35 - OF THE IMAGE (TWO ARTICLES) 394 Article. 1 - Whether image in God is said personally? 394 Article. 2 - Whether the name of Image is proper to the Son? 395 Question. 36 - OF THE PERSON OF THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES) 396 Article. 1 - Whether this name “Holy Ghost” is the proper name of one divine person? 396 Article. 2 - Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son? 398 Article. 3 - Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father through the Son? 401 Article. 4 - Whether the Father and the Son are one principle of the Holy Ghost? 402 Question. 37 - OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST---LOVE (TWO ARTICLES) 404 Article. 1 - Whether “Love” is the proper name of the Holy Ghost? 404 Article. 2 - Whether the Father and the Son love each other by the Holy Ghost? 406 Question. 38 - OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST, AS GIFT (TWO ARTICLES) 408 Article. 1 - Whether 'Gift' is a personal name? 408 Article. 2 - Whether 'Gift' is the proper name of the Holy Ghost? 410 Question. 39 - OF THE PERSONS IN RELATION TO THE ESSENCE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 411 Article. 1 - Whether in God the essence is the same as the person? 411 Article. 2 - Whether it must be said that the three persons are of one essence? 412 Article. 3 - Whether essential names should be predicated in the singular of the three persons? 414 Article. 4 - Whether the concrete essential names can stand for the person? 415 Article. 5 - Whether abstract essential names can stand for the person? 417 Article. 6 - Whether the persons can be predicated of the essential terms? 419 Article. 7 - Whether the essential names should be appropriated to the persons? 420 Article. 8 - Whether the essential attributes are appropriated to the persons in a fitting manner by the holy doctors? 421 Question. 40 - OF THE PERSONS AS COMPARED TO THE RELATIONS OR PROPERTIES (FOUR ARTICLES) 424 Article. 1 - Whether relation is the same as person? 425 Article. 2 - Whether the persons are distinguished by the relations? 426 Article. 3 - Whether the hypostases remain if the relations are mentally abstracted from the persons? 427 Article. 4 - Whether the properties presuppose the notional acts? 429 Question. 41 - OF THE PERSONS IN REFERENCE TO THE NOTIONAL ACTS (SIX ARTICLES) 430 Article. 1 - Whether the notional acts are to be attributed to the persons? 430 Article. 2 - Whether the notional acts are voluntary? 431 Article. 3 - Whether the notional acts proceed from something? 433 Article. 4 - Whether in God there is a power in respect of the notional acts? 435 Article. 5 - Whether the power of begetting signifies a relation, and not the essence? 436 Article. 6 - Whether several persons can be the term of one notional act? 438 Question. 42 - OF EQUALITY AND LIKENESS AMONG THE DIVINE PERSONS (SIX ARTICLES) 439 Article. 1 - Whether there is equality in God? 439 Article. 2 - Whether the person proceeding is co-eternal with His principle, as the Son with the Father? 441 Article. 3 - Whether in the divine persons there exists an order of nature? 442 Article. 4 - Whether the Son is equal to the Father in greatness? 443 Article. 5 - Whether the Son is in the Father, and conversely? 445 Article. 6 - Whether the Son is equal to the Father in power? 445 Question. 43 - THE MISSION OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (EIGHT ARTICLES) 446 Article. 1 - Whether a divine person can be properly sent? 447 Article. 2 - Whether mission is eternal, or only temporal? 447 Article. 3 - Whether the invisible mission of the divine person is only according to the gift of sanctifying grace? 448 Article. 4 - Whether the Father can be fittingly sent? 450 Article. 5 - Whether it is fitting for the Son to be sent invisibly? 450 Article. 6 - Whether the invisible mission is to all who participate grace? 452 Article. 7 - Whether it is fitting for the Holy Ghost to be sent visibly? 453 Article. 8 - Whether a divine person is sent only by the person whence He proceeds eternally? 455 Treatise on The Creation (QQ[44-49]) 456 Question. 44 - The Procession of Creatures From God, and of the First Cause of all Things (Four Articles) 456 Article. 1 - Whether it is necessary that every being be created by God? 456 Article. 2 - Whether primary matter is created by God? 457 Article. 3 - Whether the exemplar cause is anything besides God? 458 Article. 4 - Whether God is the final cause of all things? 459 Question. 45 - THE MODE OF EMANATION OF THINGS FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE (EIGHT ARTICLES) 460 Article. 1 - Whether to create is to make something from nothing? 461 Article. 2 - Whether God can create anything? 462 Article. 3 - Whether creation is anything in the creature? 463 Article. 4 - Whether to be created belongs to composite and subsisting things? 464 Article. 5 - Whether it belongs to God alone to create? 465 Article. 6 - Whether to create is proper to any person? 467 Article. 7 - Whether in creatures is necessarily found a trace of the Trinity? 469 Article. 8 - Whether creation is mingled with works of nature and art? 470 Question. 46 - OF THE BEGINNING OF THE DURATION OF CREATURES (THREE ARTICLES) 471 Article. 1 - Whether the universe of creatures always existed? 471 Article. 2 - Whether it is an article of faith that the world began? 474 Article. 3 - Whether the creation of things was in the beginning of time? 477 Treatise on The Distinction of Things In General (Q[47]) 478 Question. 47 - Of The Distinctionn of Things In General (Three Articles) 478 Article. 1 - Whether the multitude and distinction of things come from God? 478 Article. 2 - Whether the inequality of things is from God? 480 Article. 3 - Whether there is only one world? 481 Treatise on The Distinction of Good And Evil (Q[48-49]) 482 Question. 48 - The Distinction of Things in Particular (Six Articles) 482 Article. 1 - Whether evil is a nature? 482 Article. 2 - Whether evil is found in things? 484 Article. 3 - Whether evil is in good as in its subject? 485 Article. 4 - Whether evil corrupts the whole good? 486 Article. 5 - Whether evil is adequately divided into pain* and fault? 487 Article. 6 - Whether pain has the nature of evil more than fault has? 488 Question. 49 - THE CAUSE OF EVIL (THREE ARTICLES) 490 Article. 1 - Whether good can be the cause of evil? 490 Article. 2 - Whether the supreme good, God, is the cause of evil? 491 Article. 3 - Whether there be one supreme evil which is the cause of every evil? 492 TREATISE ON THE ANGELS (QQ[50]-64) 494 Question. 50 - Of The Substance of The Angels Absolutely Considered (Five Articles) 494 Article. 1 - Whether an angel is altogether incorporeal? 494 Article. 2 - Whether an angel is composed of matter and form? 495 Article. 3 - Whether the angels exist in any great number? 498 Article. 4 - Whether the angels differ in species? 499 Article. 5 - Whether the angels are incorruptible? 500 Question. 51 - OF THE ANGELS IN COMPARISON WITH BODIES (THREE ARTICLES) 501 Article. 1 - Whether the angels have bodies naturally united to them? 502 Article. 2 - Whether angels assume bodies? 503 Article. 3 - Whether the angels exercise functions of life in the bodies assumed? 504 Question. 52 - OF THE ANGELS IN RELATION TO PLACE (THREE ARTICLES) 506 Article. 1 - Whether an angel is in a place? 506 Article. 2 - Whether an angel can be in several places at once? 507 Article. 3 - Whether several angels can be at the same time in the same place? 508 Question. 53 - OF THE LOCAL MOVEMENT OF THE ANGELS (THREE ARTICLES) 509 Article. 1 - Whether an angel can be moved locally? 509 Article. 2 - Whether an angel passes through intermediate space? 510 Article. 3 - Whether the movement of an angel is instantaneous? 512 Question. 54 - OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES) 514 Article. 1 - Whether an angel's act of understanding is his substance? 514 Article. 2 - Whether in the angel to understand is to exist? 515 Article. 3 - Whether an angel's power of intelligence is his essence? 516 Article. 4 - Whether there is an active and a passive intellect in an angel? 517 Article. 5 - Whether there is only intellectual knowledge in the angels? 518 Question. 55 - OF THE MEDIUM OF THE ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE (THREE ARTICLES) 519 Article. 1 - Whether the angels know all things by their substance? 519 Article. 2 - Whether the angels understand by species drawn from things? 520 Article. 3 - Whether the higher angels understand by more universal species than the lower angels? 522 Question. 56 - OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF IMMATERIAL THINGS (THREE ARTICLES) 523 Article. 1 - Whether an angel knows himself? 523 Article. 2 - Whether one angel knows another? 524 Article. 3 - Whether an angle knows God by his own natural principles? 526 Question. 57 - OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF MATERIAL THINGS (FIVE ARTICLES) 527 Article. 1 - Whether the angels know material things? 527 Article. 2 - Whether an angel knows singulars? 528 Article. 3 - Whether angels know the future? 530 Article. 4 - Whether angels know secret thoughts? 531 Article. 5 - Whether the angels know the mysteries of grace? 533 Question. 58 - OF THE MODE OF ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE (SEVEN ARTICLES) 534 Article. 1 - Whether the angel's intellect is sometimes in potentiality, sometimes in act? 534 Article. 2 - Whether an angel can understand many things at the same time? 535 Article. 3 - Whether an angel's knowledge is discursive? 536 Article. 4 - Whether the angels understand by composing and dividing? 537 Article. 5 - Whether there can be falsehood in the intellect of an angel? 538 Article. 6 - Whether there is a 'morning' and an 'evening' knowledge in the angels? 539 Article. 7 - Whether the morning and evening knowledge are one? 541 Question. 59 - THE WILL OF THE ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES) 542 Article. 1 - Whether there is will in the angels? 542 Article. 2 - Whether in the angels the will differs from the intellect? 543 Article. 3 - Whether there is free-will in the angels? 545 Article. 4 - Whether there is an irascible and a concupiscible appetite in the angels? 546 Question. 60 - OF THE LOVE OR DILECTION OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES) 547 Article. 1 - Whether there is natural love or dilection in an angel? 547 Article. 2 - Whether there is love of choice in the angels? 548 Article. 3 - Whether the angel loves himself with both natural love, and love of choice? 549 Article. 4 - Whether an angel loves another with natural love as he loves himself? 550 Article. 5 - Whether an angel by natural love loves God more than he loves himself? 551 Question. 61 - OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF NATURAL BEING (FOUR ARTICLES) 553 Article. 1 - Whether the angels have a cause of their existence? 553 Article. 2 - Whether the angel was produced by God from eternity? 554 Article. 3 - Whether the angels were created before the corporeal world? 555 Article. 4 - Whether the angels were created in the empyrean heaven? 556 Question. 62 - OF THE PERFECTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF GRACE AND OF GLORY (NINE ARTICLES) 557 Article. 1 - Whether the angels were created in beatitude? 557 Article. 2 - Whether an angel needs grace in order to turn to God? 558 Article. 3 - Whether the angels were created in grace? 560 Article. 4 - Whether an angel merits his beatitude? 560 Article. 5 - Whether the angel obtained beatitude immediately after one act of merit? 562 Article. 6 - Whether the angels receive grace and glory according to the degree of their natural gifts? 563 Article. 7 - Whether natural knowledge and love remain in the beatified angels? 564 Article. 8 - Whether a beatified angel can sin? 565 Article. 9 - Whether the beatified angels advance in beatitude? 565 Question. 63 - THE MALICE OF THE ANGELS WITH REGARD TO SIN (NINE ARTICLES) 567 Article. 1 - Whether the evil of fault can be in the angels? 567 Article. 2 - Whether only the sin of pride and envy can exist in an angel? 569 Article. 3 - Whether the devil desired to be as God? 570 Article. 4 - Whether any demons are naturally wicked? 571 Article. 5 - Whether the devil was wicked by the fault of his own will in the first instant of his creation? 572 Article. 6 - Whether there was any interval between the creation and the fall of the angel? 574 Article. 7 - Whether the highest angel among those who sinned was the highest of all? 575 Article. 8 - Whether the sin of the highest angel was the cause of the others sinning? 576 Article. 9 - Whether those who sinned were as many as those who remained firm? 577 Question. 64 - THE PUNISHMENT OF THE DEMONS (FOUR ARTICLES) 578 Article. 1 - Whether the demons' intellect is darkened by privation of the knowledge of all truth? 578 Article. 2 - Whether the will of the demons is obstinate in evil? 580 Article. 3 - Whether there is sorrow in the demons? 582 Article. 4 - Whether our atmosphere is the demons' place of punishment? 583 TREATISE ON THE WORK OF THE SIX DAYS (QQ[65]-74) 584 Question. 65 - The Work of Creation of Corporeal Creatures (Four Articles) 584 Article. 1 - Whether corporeal creatures are from God? 585 Article. 2 - Whether corporeal things were made on account of God's goodness? 586 Article. 3 - Whether corporeal creatures were produced by God through the medium of the angels? 587 Article. 4 - Whether the forms of bodies are from the angels? 588 Question. 66 - ON THE ORDER OF CREATION TOWARDS DISTINCTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 590 Article. 1 - Whether formlessness of created matter preceded in time its formation? 590 Article. 2 - Whether the formless matter of all corporeal things is the same? 592 Article. 3 - Whether the empyrean heaven was created at the same time as formless matter? 594 Article. 4 - Whether time was created simultaneously with formless matter? 596 Question. 67 - ON THE WORK OF DISTINCTION IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES) 597 Article. 1 - Whether the word 'light' is used in its proper sense in speaking of spiritual things? 598 Article. 2 - Whether light is a body? 598 Article. 3 - Whether light is a quality? 599 Article. 4 - Whether the production of light is fittingly assigned to the first day? 601 Question. 68 - ON THE WORK OF THE SECOND DAY (FOUR ARTICLES) 603 Article. 1 - Whether the firmament was made on the second day? 603 Article. 2 - Whether there are waters above the firmament? 605 Article. 3 - Whether the firmament divides waters from waters? 607 Article. 4 - Whether there is only one heaven? 608 Question. 69 - ON THE WORK OF THE THIRD DAY (TWO ARTICLES) 609 Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting that the gathering together of the waters should take place, as recorded, on the third day? 609 Article. 2 - Whether it was fitting that the production of plants should take place on the third day? 612 Question. 70 - OF THE WORK OF ADORNMENT, AS REGARDS THE FOURTH DAY (THREE ARTICLES) 613 Article. 1 - Whether the lights ought to have been produced on the fourth day? 613 Article. 2 - Whether the cause assigned for the production of the lights is reasonable? 616 Article. 3 - Whether the lights of heaven are living beings? 617 Question. 71 - ON THE WORK OF THE FIFTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE) 619 Question. 72 - ON THE WORK OF THE SIXTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE) 621 Question. 73 -