[Springer Theses] Broadband Measurement and Reduction of Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise in the Audio Band ||

This book presents a direct measurement of quantum back action, or radiation pressure noise, on a macroscopic object at room temperature across a broad bandwidth in the audio range. This noise source was predicted to be a limitation for gravitational wave interferometers in the 1980s, but it has evaded direct characterization in the gravitational wave community due to the inherent difficult of reducing thermal fluctuations below the quantum back action level. This back action noise is a potential limitation in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, and Cripe’s experiment has provided a platform for the demonstration of quantum measurement techniques that will allow quantum radiation pressure noise to be reduced in these detectors. The experimental techniques Cripe developed for this purpose are also applicable to any continuous measurement operating near the quantum limit, and could lead to the possibility of observing non-classical behavior of macroscopic objects. Supervisor’s Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents List of Figures List of Tables 1 Gravitational Waves and Gravitational Wave Detectors 1.1 Gravitational Waves 1.2 Gravitational Wave Sources 1.3 Gravitational Wave Detectors 1.3.1 Simple Michelson Interferometer as a Gravitational Wave Detector 1.4 Noise Sources 1.5 Introduction to Quantum Noise and Squeezed Light 1.5.1 Quantization of the Electric Field and Noise in the Sideband Picture 1.5.2 Quadratures and Uncertainty Relation 1.5.3 Squeezed Light 1.5.4 Quantum Noise and Squeezing in Gravitational Wave Detectors 1.6 Gravitational Wave Detections References 2 Optical Springs 2.1 Optical Spring 2.2 Full Optical Spring 2.3 Damping 2.4 Equations of Motion and Modified Dynamics References 3 Cantilever Micro-mirror and Optomechanical Cavity Design 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Thermal Noise Calculations 3.3 Quantum Noise Calculations 3.4 Cantilever Mirror Design 3.5 Cantilever Mirror Measurements 3.6 Cryogenic Design 3.7 Seismic Vibration Isolation 3.8 Final Design References 4 Radiation-Pressure-Mediated Control of an Optomechanical Cavity 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theoretical Framework 4.3 Experimental Setup 4.4 Results and Discussion 4.5 Conclusion References 5 Observation of an Optical Spring from a Beamsplitter 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theory 5.3 Experiment 5.4 Data and Discussion 5.5 Conclusion References 6 Broadband Measurement of Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise at Room Temperature 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Supplemental Material and Further Evidence 6.2.1 Noise Budget 6.2.2 Thermal Noise 6.2.3 Calibration and Uncertainties 6.2.4 Comparison to Standard Cavity Optomechanics 6.2.5 Additional Evidence of QRPN References 7 Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise Reduction and Evasion 7.1 Back-Action Evasion 7.2 Reduction of Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise with Bright Squeezed Light 7.2.1 Generation of Bright Squeezed Light 7.2.2 Reduction of Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise 7.2.3 Author Contributions References 8 Future Work and Conclusion 8.1 Ponderomotive Squeezing 8.2 Standard Quantum Limit 8.3 Conclusion References Appendix Curriculum Vitae Index