Solution Chemistry

contents.pdf......Page 1 preface.pdf......Page 3 Brief review of the solution chemistry of reagent/mineral systems......Page 4 References......Page 6 Solution equilibria equivalents......Page 8 Strong acid and strong base type of reagents......Page 9 Mono weak acid-weak base weak type of reagents......Page 10 Weak multiatomic acid type reagents......Page 11 Multiatomic weak acid-strong base type of reagents......Page 12 Cationic flotation reagents......Page 14 Amphoteric flotation reagents......Page 15 phi-pH diagram and flotation effect of Na2S......Page 16 phi-pH diagram and flotation effect of sodium silicates......Page 18 logC-pH and flotation effect of sodium phosphate (Na3PO4)......Page 19 logC-pH diagram for oleate and amine......Page 21 Role of associated species (ion-molecule complexes) in flotation......Page 26 Thermodynamics of micellization (Arai et al., 1971; Rosen, ?)......Page 29 Mass action model......Page 30 Structure and aggregation number of micelles......Page 32 Theoretical......Page 33 Empirical......Page 37 Hydrophobic association energy, phi......Page 41 Surface tension reduction method......Page 42 Zeta-potential method......Page 43 Flotation method......Page 45 References......Page 46 Solubility product in water......Page 48 Sulfide minerals......Page 49 Oxide minerals......Page 50 Closed system......Page 52 Phosphate minerals......Page 53 Sulfate minerals......Page 54 Hydrolysis equilibria of ionic species......Page 55 Heterogeneous system......Page 56 Activation of flotation by hydroxy ions......Page 58 logC-pH diagram......Page 60 Carbonate-phosphate minerals......Page 65 Electrical double layer model......Page 68 References......Page 75 Adsorption and interaction forces of reagents......Page 76 Electrostatic forces......Page 82 Chemical forces......Page 83 Microstructure of adsorbed layer of surfactants and polymers on minerals......Page 85 Fluorescence spectroscopy......Page 91 Polymer conformation in the adsorbed state......Page 95 Electron spin resonance (ESR)......Page 96 Raman spectroscopy......Page 98 Surface and bulk interactions between dissolved mineral species and flotation agents......Page 101 Competitive adsorption......Page 102 Floatability, adsorption and dissolved species......Page 103 Characterization of surface and bulk precipitates......Page 107 Molecular model of oleate on francolite and dolomite......Page 112 Competitive reaction between collector ion and hydroxyl ions in sulfide flotation......Page 113 Determination of flotation conditions for polymetallic sulfides......Page 114 Delta G-pH diagrams......Page 115 Xanthate-sulfide system......Page 116 Depression of galena with chromate salt......Page 119 Reactions between chelating agents and chrysocolla......Page 121 Depression of flotation of wolframite and calcite using citric acid (Wang and Hu, 1985)......Page 123 phi-pC diagram of oxalic acid and depression with it......Page 125 Dominant species diagrams......Page 126 Electrochemical equilibria......Page 130 Eh-pH diagrams of xanthate-H2O systems......Page 132 Eh-pH diagrams of diethyldithiocarbamate-H2O systems......Page 133 Electrochemical equilibria of sulfide minerals......Page 134 Flotation of galena and pyrite......Page 136 Hydroxide ion......Page 137 Hydrosulfide ions......Page 138 Galena-xanthate systems......Page 139 Chalcocite-diethyldithiocarbamate (DTP) systems......Page 140 References......Page 143 Classification of flotation agents......Page 145 Structure of minerophilic groups......Page 146 Relationship between the structure of the minerophilic group and its adsorption on mineral surface......Page 147 The polar group and hydrogen bonding......Page 148 Bonding ability and specificity......Page 149 Induction effect in molecules of thiocarbonates......Page 152 Induction effect in molecules of thiophosphates......Page 153 Collectors for nonsulfide minerals......Page 154 Complexing (chelating) agents......Page 155 Role of non-polar groups......Page 156 Normal saturated straight chains......Page 159 Iso-alkyl chains......Page 160 Unsaturated chains......Page 162 Other non-polar groups......Page 163 Criteria for frother performance......Page 164 Polar groups and solubility......Page 166 Degree of dissociation and frothing performance......Page 168 Iso-alkyl and unsaturated chain......Page 170 Classification......Page 171 Depression mechanisms......Page 172 Structure of organic depressant......Page 174 Structure of organic depressants for Cu2+-activated quartz......Page 176 Organic depressants for Fe3+-activated wolframite and quartz......Page 177 Modified starch......Page 179 Tannin......Page 181 Gums......Page 182 Types of flocculants and flocculation......Page 183 Inorganic electrolytes as coagulants......Page 184 Adsorption by electrostatic force......Page 187 Adsorption by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force......Page 188 Activation between organic flocculants and collectors or depressants......Page 189 Molecular weight......Page 190 Particle size vs. chain length and dissociation property of the polymer......Page 191 Coagulation by electrolytes......Page 193 Effect of flocculant dosage......Page 194 Molecular orbital (MO) index......Page 195 Hydrophilic-hydrophobic factor and criteria......Page 197 Hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance (HHB) of collector molecule......Page 198 Steric factors......Page 199 Molecular design of new collectors......Page 201 References......Page 203 index.pdf......Page 204 The Ka values of commonly used anionic flotagents (Tables [text=A1.1-A1.5]tabA1.1,tabA1.2,tabA1.3,tabA1.4,tabA1.5)......Page 214 Proton addition constants of some flotation reagents......Page 216 Stability coefficients of metallic ionic hydroxy complex......Page 217 Solubility products of some minerals and compounds......Page 218