Solar-terrestrial influences on weather and climate : proceedings of a symposium/workshop held at the Fawcett Center for Tomorrow, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 24-28 August [i.e. July] 1978

This book contains most of the invited papers and contributions pre­ sented at the Symposium/Workshop on Solar-Terrestrial Influences on Weather and Climate which was held at The Ohio State University on 24-28 July 1978. The authors and publisher have made a special effort for rapid publi­ cation. The length of the individual papers in this book were delib­ erately limited by the editors. Direct financial support for the Symposium/Workshop was provided by NASA. Palo Alto Billy M. McCormac Columbus Thomas A. Seliga January 1979 xiii SYMPOSIUH/WORKSHOP CONCLUSIONS Billy M. McCormac Department 52-l0/B202 Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory 3251 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Thomas A. Seliga Atmospheric Sciences Program The Ohio State University 2015 Neil Avenue Columbus, OH 43210 USA A. INTRODUCTION The Symposium/Workshop on Solar-Terrestrial Influences on Weather and Climate was held at The Ohio State University on 24-28 July 1978. Its purpose was to provide an international forum for the presentation and discussion of recent research results and ideas regarding the question whether variations in solar outputs affect terrestrial weather and cli­ mate and, if so, to what extent and through what mechanisms. The Sym­ posium focused on the results of previous studies and consisted of both invited and contributed papers. The Workshop, on the other hand, built upon these deliberations to develop ideas and directions for future research. Over one hundred persons from eight countries attended the Symposium/ Workshop. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Symposium/Workshop Conclusions....Pages 1-27 Introductory Review of Solar-Terrestrial Weather and Climate Relationships....Pages 29-40 The Enigma of Drought-A Challenge for Terrestrial and Extra Terrestrial Research....Pages 41-43 Solar Input to the Terrestrial System....Pages 45-57 Analysis of Regression Methods for Solar Activity Forecasting....Pages 59-64 Variations in the Solar Constant Caused by Changes in the Active Features on the Sun....Pages 65-68 The Variability and Absolute Magnitude of Solar Spectral Irradiance....Pages 69-73 Empirical Model of the Earth’s Response to Astronomical Variations of Insolation....Pages 75-81 Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling....Pages 83-100 A Geomagnetic Activity Recurrence Index....Pages 101-104 Effects of Solar Flares on the Atmospheric Circulation....Pages 105-118 Energy Deposition in the Earth’s Atmosphere due to Impact of Solar Activity-Generated Disturbances....Pages 119-124 Evidence of a 22-year Rhythm of Drought in the Western United States Related to the Hale Solar Cycle since the 17th Century....Pages 125-143 Available Potential Energy in the Middle Atmosphere as it Relates to the Sun-Weather Effect....Pages 145-147 Influence of the Solar Magnetic Field on Tropospheric Circulation....Pages 149-159 An Experimental Search for Causal Mechanisms in Sun/Weather-Climatic Relationships....Pages 161-173 The Statistical Significance of Data from Superposed Epoch Analyses....Pages 175-179 Solar Cycles and the Weather: Successful Experiments in Autosuggestion?....Pages 181-191 Planetary Motion, Sunspots and Climate....Pages 193-207 Use of Difference Equation Methods for Predicting Sunspot Numbers....Pages 209-214 Atmospheric Electricity and the Sun-Weather Problem....Pages 215-232 Electrical Coupling Between the Upper and Lower Atmosphere....Pages 233-241 Influences Of Solar Activity On The Electric Potential Between The Ionosphere And The Earth....Pages 243-251 Thunderstorm Frequency and Solar Sector Boundaries....Pages 253-257 The Role of Atmospheric Electricity in Sun-Weather Relationships....Pages 259-262 Possible Mechanisms of Solar Activity — Weather Effects Involving Planetary Waves....Pages 263-274 Planetary Waves at the 500-MBAR Level in the Northern Hemisphere and Their Connection to the Solar Rotation....Pages 275-281 The Role of Gravity Waves in Solar-Terrestrial Atmosphere Coupling and Severe Storm Detection....Pages 283-287 Influences of Solar Activity on the Exchange Intensity Between Stratosphere and Troposphere....Pages 289-296 Solar Influence on North Atlantic Mean Sea Level Pressure....Pages 297-298 Some Aspects of Stratospheric Chemical Response to Solar Particle Precipitations: Potential Roles of N 2 (A 3 Σ) and Ion-Chemistry....Pages 299-304 Spectral Analysis of Long-Interval Temperature Data....Pages 305-310 Preliminary Report of Changes in Tropopause Height Compared to Variations in Solar Behavior....Pages 311-315 The Stratospheric Mechanism of Solar and Anthropogenic Influences on Climate....Pages 317-322 High Latitudes Anticyclogenesis and Enhanced Atmospheric Latent Heat Transfer Processes....Pages 323-327 The Potential of the Chatanika Radar in Investigating Possible Solar/Atmosphere Coupling....Pages 329-334 Back Matter....Pages 335-346