Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth (Space Sciences Series of ISSI Book 22)

The SOHO and Cluster missions form a single ESA cornerstone. Yet they observe very different regions in our solar system: the solar atmosphere on one hand and the Earth’s magnetosphere on the other. At the same time the Ulysses mission provides observations in the third dimension of the heliosphere, and many others add to the picture from the Lagrangian point L1 to the edge of the heliosphere. It is the aim of this ISSI volume to tie these observations together in addressing the topic of Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth, thus contributing to the International Living With a Star (ILWS) program. The volume starts out with an assessment and description of the reasons for solar dynamics and how it couples into the heliosphere. The three subsequent sections are each devoted to following one chain of events from the Sun all the way to the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere: The normal solar wind chain, the chain associated with coronal mass ejections, and the solar energetic particles chain. The final section is devoted to common physical processes occurring both at the Sun and in the magnetosphere such as reconnection, shock acceleration, dipolarisation of magnetic field, and others. Front Matter....Pages i-viii Active Region Dynamics....Pages 1-12 Sunspot Structure and Dynamics....Pages 13-22 Coronal Dynamics and the AIA on SDO....Pages 23-33 Wind in the Solar Corona: Dynamics and Composition....Pages 35-50 Solar Wind Sources and Their Variations over the Solar Cycle....Pages 51-76 Heliospheric Physics: Linking the Sun to the Magnetosphere....Pages 77-90 Substorms and Their Solar Wind Causes....Pages 91-101 Modeling of the Magnetospheric Response to the Dynamic Solar Wind....Pages 103-116 Review of Ionospheric Effects of Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling in the Context of the Expanding Contracting Polar Cap Boundary Model....Pages 117-130 The Evolving Sigmoid: Evidence for Magnetic Flux Ropes in the Corona Before, During, and after CMES....Pages 131-144 Properties of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections....Pages 145-168 Geoeffectivity of Coronal Mass Ejections....Pages 169-181 Ring Current Dynamics....Pages 183-202 Plasmasphere Response: Tutorial and Review of Recent Imaging Results....Pages 203-216 End-to-End Modeling of the Solar Terrestrial System....Pages 217-231 Particle Acceleration by the Sun: Electrons, Hard X-Rays/Gamma-Rays....Pages 233-248 Particle Acceleration in a Three-Dimensional Model of Reconnecting Coronal Magnetic Fields....Pages 249-259 The Seed Population for Energetic Particles Accelerated By CME-Driven Shocks....Pages 261-275 Acceleration of Solar-Energetic Particles by Shocks....Pages 277-288 Solar Energetic Particle Charge States: An Overview....Pages 289-301 Solar Energetic Particle Composition, Energy Spectra, and Space Weather....Pages 303-316 Commonalities Between Ionosphere and Chromosphere....Pages 317-331 Shocks: Commonalities in Solar-Terrestrial Chains....Pages 333-344 Theory and Simulation of Reconnection....Pages 345-360 The Localization of Particle Acceleration Sites in Solar Flares and CMEs....Pages 361-372 The SOHO and Cluster missions form a single ESA cornerstone. Yet they observe verydifferentregionsinoursolarsystem:thesolaratmosphereononehandandthe Earth’s magnetosphere on the other. At the same time the Ulysses mission provides observations in the third dimension of the heliosphere, and many others add to the picture from the Lagrangian point L1 to the edge of the heliosphere. It was our aim to tie these observations together in addressing the topic of Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth with a workshop at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), under the auspices of the International Living With a Star (ILWS) program. It started out with an assessment and description of the reasons for solar dynamics and how it couples into the heliosphere. The three subsequent sections were each devoted to following one chain of events from the Sun all the way to the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere: The normal solar wind chain, the chain associated with coronal mass ejections, and the solar energetic particles chain. The ?nal section was devoted to common physical processes occurring both at the Sun and in the magnetosphere such as reconnection, shock acceleration, dipolarisation of magnetic ?eld, and others. This volume is the result of an ISSI Workshop held in April 2005. An international group of about forty experimenters, ground-based observers, and theoreticians was invited to present and debate their data, models, and theories in an informal setting.