آزمون نرم‌افزار ۲۰۲۰: آماده‌سازی برای نقش‌های جدید

Software testing is at a very important crossroad, where it is going back to the roots on certain fronts while moving inexorably forward. For instance, test automation is growing in prominence, but manual testing is becoming a niche; we are increasingly collaborating with the developers, breaking the bounds of unrealistic independence in testing, and bringing in true conscious quality. At such an important stage, it is important to take stock of the past, present, and future to define both the direction the discipline will take as well as the careers it will entail for testers. This book looks at a range of topics covering where we are in the product development landscape today, what are the varied disciplines at play, what are the influencing factors bringing in a change in software testing, why is such change important, what did the past look like, what is current decade turning out to be like, and where are we heading. As for future, it looks at it both from near-term and long-term perspectives. It also considers whether the testing fraternity is ready to take on such changes and are empowered enough to do so, or are there gaps that need to be filled. The book closes with perspectives from industry experts on what is in store for the software testing discipline and community in the coming years. After reading the book, you will be confident that you can take on what is in store for testers in the coming years. You will also be positioned to help the industry move to the next level, and influence change not just amongst testers but also in the product engineering industry level as a whole. -- Provided by publisher Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 PREFACE 12 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 16 CHAPTER 1: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT LANDSCAPE TODAY 18 Roles in a Product Team 24 Do We Still Need a Software Development Life Cycle? 26 Did You Know? 28 References 29 CHAPTER 2: INFLUENCING A CHANGE IN SOFTWARE TESTING 30 Why Change Is Inevitable 30 Change Drives Innovation and Innovation Is Important to Both Survive and Thrive 31 Change Breaks Monotony 32 Change Breaks Fat, Dumb, and Happy (FDH) Syndrome 32 Change Is Driven by External Factors 32 Change Is Normal 33 Resistance to Change 33 Sense of Insecurity 34 Lack of Trust 34 Lack of Visibility into What Is Coming 34 Comfortable with Status Quo 34 Fear of Failure 35 Manner in Communicating the Change 35 Managing and Succeeding in Implementing a Change 35 Do the Required Homework 36 Maintain Required Levels of Transparency 36 Communicate Frequently 36 Show Commitment in Making the Change a Success 36 Empower People Involved in the Change to Succeed 37 Software Testing Is Changing Too 37 Software Development Methodologies 38 Testing Attributes 39 Technology 40 Market and End-User Requirements 40 Service-Oriented Mind-Set 41 Markets and Compliances 41 Did You Know? 42 References 43 CHAPTER 3: WHAT DID WE DO SO FAR IN SOFTWARE TESTING? 44 How Did Testing Fit into the SDLC of the Past Years? 45 How Did the STLC Itself Look? 46 Test Strategy 47 Test Planning 48 Test Design 48 Test Execution 49 Defect Management 49 Test Sign-Off 50 Other Activities in Which Testers Were Involved 50 How Test Attributes Were Tested 52 Functionality 52 UI 52 Usability and Accessibility 53 Performance 53 Security 54 Globalization 54 Other Testing Types 55 Testing Metrics 58 Case Studies from Our Past Years of Software Testing 59 Case Study 1 59 Case Study 2 61 Analyzing the Past 63 Software Testing Career Options 65 Did You Know? 65 References 66 CHAPTER 4: TESTING IN THE PRESENT TIMES 68 What Has Changed in Today’s Style of Development? 69 DevOps and Changing Role of Test in DevOps 69 What New Technologies Have Impacted the Overall Test Strategy and Effort? 73 Cloud 73 Mobile 74 Wearable Computing and Augmented Reality 76 Social Media 77 Analytics 78 SMAC 78 Computing Everywhere, Internet of Things, and Context-Sensitive Systems 79 What Other Things Are We Doing as Testers? 80 Market Watcher 81 Innovation Seeker 82 Quality Empowering Collaborator 82 Doubling on One’s Role 82 We Are at the Crossroads 83 Case Studies 86 Case Study 1 86 Case Study 2 89 How Do We Thrive in Today’s Environment? 91 Current Trends That Will Also Set the Base Moving Forward 92 How Is a Tester’s Career Shaping Today? 93 Did You Know? 94 References 94 CHAPTER 5: WHAT DOES THE FUTURE BEHOLD FOR SOFTWARE TESTING? 96 We Will Start Off by Talking about a Very Controversial Question: “Is Testing Dying and Will It Cease to Exist in the Coming Years?” 96 The Dynamic Landscape Will Continue to Become Increasingly Dynamic 97 App Development Will Soar 97 Testers Will Coexist with Crowd Users 98 Testing Fraternity Will Work to Seek Balance in a Number of Areas 98 Increasing Collaboration in All We Do 99 Manual Testing Will Not Disappear but Will Become Completely Niche 100 Nonfunctional Areas Will Become Very Important Including Compliances Related to Them 100 Automation Will Become an Increasingly Integral Part of Software Testing 101 Agile Will Become a No-Brainer but Customizations Are What Teams Will Need to Understand 101 Testing Will Not Be Confined to Just Your Core Hours of Work in Office Premises 102 Will Metrics Still Be Used? For Such Short Releases, How Do We Connect the Dots with the Past? 102 Independent Testing’s Future 103 The Merge between Development Testing and Software Testing 103 A Twist to Testing Centers of Excellence (TCoE) 104 Cover Note and Client Overview 105 Shaping Up the Future of QA in the Evolving Technology Space 105 Client 105 Challenges 106 Solution 107 Approach 108 Client Benefits 109 Did You Know? 110 References 110 CHAPTER 6: ARE WE EMPOWERED FOR THE PRESENT AND READY FOR THE FUTURE AS A FRATERNITY? 112 Is Test Automation Becoming Mandatory? 112 Will Manual Testing Cease to Exist? 113 Do I Have to Be a Domain Expert? 114 How Do I Stay Current and Look ahead to Give Myself an Advantage? 115 Will a Tester Be Embraced and Accepted into the DevOps Fold? 116 Is Independent Testing Dying? 118 Independence Need Not Come in Just from Testers 119 Understand the Dotted Line in Role Delineation between Developers and Testers 120 Understand What Role a Tester Should Assume at This Time 120 Other Additional Best Practices to Adopt to Empower Ourselves for the Present and Prepare for the Future 121 Stay Hungry, Foolish, and Continuously Challenged 121 Adopt Continuous Improvement 121 Work Is Not Just a 9–5 Job 121 Did You Know? 123 References 123 CHAPTER 7: HOW IS THE TESTER’S ROLE CHANGING? 124 What Can a Tester Give away to Another Team Member? 128 What Can a Tester Take on His Plate Instead? 129 A Fluid Role 130 Changing Facets in Software Quality That Will Additionally Define a Tester’s Role in the Coming Years 130 A Constant Innovator 131 Did You Know? 133 References 133 CHAPTER 8: WHAT DO INDUSTRY VETERANS HAVE TO SAY? 136 Tom Churchwell’s Input 136 Tom’s Thoughts on Future of Quality and Software Testing 137 The “Ante” for Products 139 The Cloud, the Crowd, and Distributed Teams 140 Bringing Quality Closer to the Customer 140 The “Ante” for People 142 Ross Smith’s Input 143 Ross’s Inputs on Where We Are Heading 144 Rahul Viswaroop’s Input 146 Awareness of Touch Interfaces and How They Impact Usability and Performance 147 Mobile First Workflows 147 Reliance on Community and Social Platforms to Solicit Feedback Proactively 147 Agility in Release Cycles 148 Compressed Duration for Endgame Certification 148 Connected Workflows 148 Security 149 Wearable Technologies 149 Internet of Things 149 DevOps 150 Concluding Thoughts Summarizing the Sentiments of All Three Experts 150 Did You Know? 151 References 152 INDEX 154