Software Law and Its Application: [Connected EBook]

Robert Gomulkiewicz’s Software Law and Its Application, Third Edition covers the statutes, cases, and regulations that provide legal protection for computer software with a practice-focused approach. The purchase of this ebook edition does not entitle you to receive access to the Connected eBook on CasebookConnect. You will need to purchase a new print book to get access to the full experience including: lifetime access to the online ebook with highlight, annotation, and search capabilities, plus an outline tool and other helpful resources. Key Features: Practice-focused, Gomulkiewicz covers real-world timely issues, including open-source software Chapters begin with an overview to provide context and cover common scenarios, allowing students to learn by applying relevant texts as they would in law practice Discussion questions and in-class exercises provide opportunities for students to “practice law” in the classroom setting as business and litigation lawyers Lightly edited cases give students a case-reading experience closely approximating law practice and instructors relevant materials to draw on Beyond cases, students work with licenses, NDAs, and other documents commonly used in the software industry New to the Third Edition: Updated cases, including the Supreme Court’s important Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. case Updated materials on software patents Updates on business model innovation New references to background readings on the software industry Professors and students will benefit from: Learning how all forms of intellectual property apply in the software industry Understanding the role that software licensing plays in technological and business model innovation Considering business law and litigation scenarios commonly faced by lawyers in the software industry · CONTENTS · Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi 1. Introduction to Legal Protection for Software 1 I. Introduction 1 II. A Brief History of the Software Industry 2 A. Software Industry Progress 2 B. Another Lens: What Does the Software User Experience? 4 III. An Interlude: The Forms of Software and Software Development 4 A. Forms of Software 4 B. A Description of the Software Development Process 7 IV. Brief History of Legal Protection for Software 8 A. Copyright 8 B. Patents 9 C. Trade Secrets 10 D. Trademarks and Trade Dress 11 E. Software Licensing 11 F. Boundaries on Legal Protection 12 V. Direction of the Book 13 2. Copyright Protection 15 I. History 15 II. Protecting the Literal Elements of Software 16 Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp. 16 Questions 21 Exercises 22 xi xii Contents III. Protecting the Non-Literal Elements of Software: Program Structure 22 Whelan Associates, Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, Inc. 23 Questions 30 Exercises 31 Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. 31 Gates Rubber Co. v. Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. 39 Questions 51 Exercises 52 IV. Protecting the Non-Literal Elements of Software: Interfaces 52 Data East USA, Inc. v. EPYX, Inc. 52 Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp. 56 Questions 62 Exercises 63 Lotus Development Corp. v. Borland International, Inc. 63 Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. 73 Questions 84 Exercises 85 3. Trade Secret Protection 87 I. Introduction 87 II. Defining Trade Secrets 88 Uniform Trade Secrets Act §1 88 Defend Trade Secrets Act 18 USC §1839(3) 88 Restatement of Torts §757 89 Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition §39 89 Questions 90 Exercises 90 III. Reasonable Measures in the Software Industry 91 Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition §39 92 Questions 92 Exercises 92 IV. NDAs in the Software Industry 93 Non-Disclosure Agreement 93 Questions 98 Exercises 98 Contents xiii V. Misappropriation of Trade Secrets 99 Uniform Trade Secrets Act §1 99 Restatement of Torts §757 100 A. Discussion of Departing Employees in the Software Industry 100 Systems and Software, Inc. v. Barnes 101 Edwards v. Arthur Andersen LLP 104 Novell Inc. v. Timpanogos Research Group Inc. 109 Microsoft Corp. v. Kai-Fu Lee and Google Inc. 138 Questions 146 Exercises 147 B. Reverse Engineering Object Code 149 Data General Corp. v. Grumman Systems Support Corp. 150 Bowers v. Baystate Technologies, Inc. 153 Questions 158 Exercise 159 4. Trademark and Trade Dress Protection 161 I. Introduction 161 II. Selecting and Using Trademarks in the Software Industry 161 A. Trademarks: Personal Computers 161 Business Law Questions 162 B. Platform Compatible Applications 162 Business Law and Litigation Questions 162 Exercise 163 C. Open Source Software and Trademarks 163 Business Law Questions 163 D. Industry Convergence 163 Trademark License Agreement Between Apple Computer, Inc. and Apple Corps Ltd. 164 Exercises 176 III. Business Models and Their Relevance to Weak or Strong Trademark Protection 177 Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc. 177 General Discussion Questions 183 IV. Trade Dress and Trademark Protection for User Interface Design 183 TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc. 183 xiv Contents Exercise 189 5. Patent Protection 191 I. Introduction 191 II. Patentable Subject Matter 192 Gottschalk v. Benson 192 Diamond v. Diehr 197 In re Alappat 202 Bilski v. Kappos 210 Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International 219 In re Nuijten 227 Questions 237 Exercises 238 III. Infringement 239 Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp. 239 NTP, Inc. v. Research in Motion, Ltd. 246 Limelight Networks, Inc v. Akamai Technologies, Inc. 256 Questions 261 IV. Remedies 262 eBay, Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C. 262 Uniloc USA, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp. 264 Questions 272 6. Software Licensing 275 I. Introduction: Why Licence Software? 275 II. Brief History of Software Licensing 275 A. Licensing for Software Development 275 B. Software for Users 276 III. The Landscape of Software Licensing 276 A. Upstream Licenses 276 1. Licenses to Build Products 277 2. Licenses to Create Customer Solutions 277 3. Source Code Licensing 278 IV. Confidential Source Code Licensing 280 Source Code License Agreement 280 Questions 284 Contents xv Exercise 285 V. Open Source Code Licensing 286 The Open Source Definition 286 General Public License (GPL), Version 2 288 General Public License (GPL), Version 3 294 The BSD License 305 Apache License 306 Jacobsen v. Katzer 309 Questions 317 Simple Public License (SimPL-2.0) 318 Exercises 320 VI. Multimedia Product Development 320 Boosey & Hawkes Music Publishers Ltd. v. Walt Disney Company 320 Exercise 325 VII. Downstream Licenses 326 A. Licenses to Distribute Software 326 B. Licenses That Describe Usage 326 1. “Custom” End User Licenses 326 2. Standard Form Mass Market End User Licenses 326 3. License or First Sale? 327 Vernor v. Autodesk, Inc. 328 Adobe Systems Inc. v. Stargate Software Inc. 338 Questions 345 Exercises 345 4. Contract Formation 345 Arizona Retail Systems, Inc. v. The Software Link, Inc. 346 ProCD, Inc. v. Matthew Zeidenberg 353 Specht v. Netscape Communications Corp. 359 Questions 364 Exercises 364 7. Ownership of Software Development 365 I. Introduction 365 II. Copyright Ownership: Independent Contractors 366 Aymes v. Bonelli 366 xvi Contents Questions 369 Exercises 370 Asset Marketing Systems, Inc. v. Gagnon 370 Questions 376 Exercise 377 III. Copyright Ownership: Joint Development 377 Ashton-Tate Corp. v. Ross 377 Questions 380 Exercises 380 IV. Patent Ownership 381 Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. 381 Questions 381 Exercises 382 V. Services Contracts for Software Development 382 Software Services Agreement 382 Questions 391 Exercises 391 8. Interoperability and Standards 393 I. Introduction 393 II. Platform Compatibility 393 Sega Enterprises, Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc. 394 Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc. 402 Micro Star v. FormGen Inc. 408 Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp. 414 Davidson & Associates d/b/a Blizzard Entertainment v. Jung 422 European Union Legislation 426 Questions 427 Exercises 428 III. Industry Standards 429 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Patent Policy 430 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards Association Patent Licensing Policy 440 In re Dell Computer Corp. 442 Broadcom Corp. v. Qualcomm Inc. 453 Contents xvii Rambus Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission 461 Ericsson, Inc. v. D-Link Systems, Inc. 469 Microsoft Corporation v. Motorola, Inc. 480 Questions 494 Exercises 495 9. Boundaries of Protection 499 I. Introduction 499 II. Copyright Misuse 500 Lasercomb America, Inc. v. Reynolds 500 Apple, Inc. v. Psystar Corp. 504 Questions 510 Exercise 511 III. Antitrust 511 United States v. Microsoft Corp. 511 Novell, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation 561 Daniel Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp. 573 Questions 576 Exercises 577 IV. Preemption 577 Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd. 577 National Car Rental System, Inc. v. Computer Associates International, Inc. 581 Davidson & Associates d/b/a Blizzard Entertainment v. Jung 588 Questions 592 Exercise 592 V. Section 117(c) of the Copyright Act 592 Storage Technology Corp. v. Custom Hardware Engineering & Consulting, Inc. 592 Questions 607 10. Business Model Innovation 609 I. Introduction 609 II. Case Study: Mass Market Software 609 Legal Analysis of the Business Models 610 III. Case Study: Open Source Software 610 Legal Analysis of the Business Models 612 xviii Contents IV. Case Study: Platform Competition 613 A. Navigator and Java—Internet Explorer and Windows 613 B. Apple iPhone and Safari 614 C. Google Search and Chrome 614 Legal Analysis of the Business Models 614 Table of Cases 617 Index