Software Business: 12th International Conference, ICSOB 2021, Drammen, Norway, December 2–3, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Software Business, ICSOB 2021, which was held during December 2-3, 2021. The conference was originally planned to take place in Drammen, Norway, but changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The special theme of ICSOB 2021 was software sustainability. The 13 full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. They deal with a range of topics including software sustainability, Agile development, DevOps, software startups, prototyping, software ecosystems, crowdsourcing platforms, technical debts, and risk management. Preface Organization Contents Software Sustainability Elements of Sustainability for Public Sector Software – Mosaic Enterprise Architecture, Macroservices, and Low-Code 1 Introduction 2 Background and Motivation 3 Proposed Architecture and Approach 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References How Could We Have Known? Anticipating Sustainability Effects of a Software Product 1 Introduction 2 Sustainability 3 Sustainability Awareness Framework 4 Case Study: The IT Company 4.1 Workshop 4.2 Analysis 4.3 Results 5 Mapping Sustainability Focus of the Company and SusAF Results 6 Conclusion References Software Sustainability: Academic Understanding and Industry Perceptions 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Sustainability and Software Engineering 2.2 Sustainability and Software Engineering Practice 3 Study Design 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Engineering and Management Tailored Design Thinking Approach - A Shortcut for Agile Teams 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Research Approach 4 Results 5 Interpretation of the Results 6 Threats to Validity 7 Summary References Deliberative Technical Debt Management: An Action Research Study 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Technical Debt Management 2.2 Deliberation 3 Methodology 3.1 The Company – SoftShelf 3.2 Research Activities 4 Findings 4.1 Problem Situation at SoftShelf – Lack of Deliberation 4.2 First Intervention – Organisational Deliberation 4.3 Second Intervention – Project Deliberation 5 Discussion References Blockchain Governance: A Dynamic View 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Defining 2.2 Searching and Selecting 2.3 Analyzing 3 Findings 3.1 Descriptive Statistics 3.2 A Dynamic Model of Blockchain Governance 4 Conclusions References Framework for Creating Relevant, Accessible, and Adoptable KPI Models in an Industrial Setting 1 Introduction 2 Related Work and Background 2.1 Related Work 2.2 Case Company Background 3 Research Process 3.1 Planning Phase and Initial Observations 3.2 Acting Phase 3.3 Observe and Reflect 4 RelAA Framework 4.1 RelAA Process 4.2 RelAA Model 4.3 RelAA Dashboard 5 Results 5.1 Observed Effect 5.2 Fulfilling Requirements 5.3 Fulfilling Gaps 6 Discussion 6.1 Lessons Learnt 6.2 Threats to Validity 7 Conclusions References Risk Exposure and Management in Software Development – A Survey of Multiple Software Startups 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Research Methodology 4 Results 4.1 RQ1: What is the Relevance of the Exposure of a Team, Methodology, and Product to Risks Across Different Stages of a Software Startup? 4.2 RQ2: How Do Startups Perform Risk Management Activities Across Different Stages? 5 Discussion and Conclusions References Software Startups Supporting Entrepreneurship with Hackathons - A Study on Startup Founders Attending Hackathons 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Research Method 4 Experiences of Startup Founders at Hackathons 4.1 SF1 – Meeting a Temporary Startup Team Member at a Hackathon by Accident 4.2 SF2 – Learning Through Networking at a Hackathon 4.3 SF3 – Participating in a Hackathon to Create a New Startup 4.4 SF4 – Learning and Networking at a Hackathon 4.5 SF5 – Learning About Business Management at a Hackathon 4.6 SF6 – Hackathons as a Means to Develop the Skills of the Startup Team 5 Comparison of the Hackathon Experiences of Startup Founders 5.1 Motivations of Startup Founders to Attend Hackathons (RQ1) 5.2 Perceived Benefits of Startup Founders (RQ2) 5.3 Beneficial Aspects of the Hackathon Setting (RQ3) 6 Discussion 7 Implications 8 Limitations 9 Conclusion References User Experience Practices in Early-Stage Software Startups - An Exploratory Study 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 RQ1 - How Do Early-Stage Software Startups Use UX Practices? 4.2 RQ2 - What Benefits and Challenges Are Associated with Applying UX Practices in Startups? 5 Discussion 5.1 Recommendations for UX Work in Early-Stage Software Startups 5.2 Threats to Validity 6 Conclusions and Future Work References A Study of Factors on Women from the Tech Sector and Entrepreneurship 1 Introduction 2 Related Works and Motivation 3 Research Method 4 Results 4.1 Results from the 1st Survey 4.2 Results from the 2nd Survey 4.3 Interview Observations on Entrepreneurship 5 Discussion and Implications 6 Conclusions References Making Internal Software Startups Work: How to Innovate Like a Venture Builder? 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Research Approach 3.1 Case Context 3.2 Data Collection and Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Cultural Strategies 4.2 Financial Strategies 4.3 Strategies Related to Personnel 4.4 Strategies Related to Venture Arrangement 5 Discussion and Practical Implications 6 Limitations, Conclusions, and Further Work References Software Platforms and Ecosystems The Economic Anatomy of Paid Crowdsourcing Platforms 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methodology 4 The Crowdsourcing Platform Economic Design Framework 4.1 Search and Matching 4.2 Pricing and Rewarding 4.3 Control and Assembling 5 An Analysis of Paid Crowdsourcing Platforms 5.1 Classification Parameters and Descriptive Statistics 5.2 Hierarchical Clustering 5.3 Dependencies in the CPED Framework 6 Conclusion References Power Relations Within an Open Source Software Ecosystem 1 Introduction 2 Systematic Mapping Study 2.1 Planning 2.2 Execution 2.3 Results 3 Discussion 4 Final Remarks References When Player Communities Revolt Against the Developer: A Study of Pokémon GO and Diablo Immortal 1 Introduction 2 Two Examples: Diablo Immortal Announcement and HearUsNiantic 2.1 Materials and Methods 2.2 Announcement of Diablo Immortal 2.3 #HearUsNiantic 3 Discussion 3.1 Recommendations for Practitioners 3.2 Limitations and Future Work 3.3 Conclusion References Continuous Improvement Design Principles for a Crowd-Based Prototype Validation Platform 1 Introduction 2 Research Background 2.1 Lean Development and Co-creation of Software Products 2.2 Design Principles for Information Systems 3 Research Method 4 Design for CBPV Platform 4.1 Derivation of Design Requirements 4.2 Conceptualizing of Design Principles 5 Development of the CBPV Platform 5.1 Formation of Design Features 5.2 Instantiation of Platform Prototype 6 Evaluation of the CBPV Platform 6.1 Setting 6.2 Results 6.3 Discussion and Implications 6.4 Threats to Validity 6.5 Future Improvements 7 Conclusion and Future Work References What Are Critical Success Factors of DevOps Projects? A Systematic Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Research Process 2.1 Search Terms and Strategy 2.2 Exclusion and Inclusion Criteria 2.3 Selection of the Final List of Articles and Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Organizational Success Factors 3.2 Social and Cultural Success Factors 3.3 Technical Success Factors 4 Discussion 4.1 Key Findings and Observations 4.2 A Synthesized Critical Success Factor Model 4.3 Future Research Avenues 4.4 Limitations 5 Conclusions References Towards Federated Learning: A Case Study in the Telecommunication Domain 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Data Collection and Analysis 3.2 Case Company 3.3 Use Cases and Participants 3.4 Threats to Validity 4 Empirical Findings: Towards Federated Learning 4.1 Benefits of Implementing Federated Learning 4.2 Transition to Federated Learning 5 Discussion 5.1 Benefits 5.2 Learning Services 5.3 Challenges 5.4 Criteria for a Reliable Federated Learning System 6 Conclusions References Author Index This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Software Business, ICSOB 2021, which was held during December 2-3, 2021. The conference was originally planned to take place in Drammen, Norway, but changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The special theme of ICSOB 2021 was software sustainability. The 13 full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. They deal with a range of topics including software sustainability, Agile development, DevOps, software startups, prototyping, software ecosystems, crowdsourcing platforms, technical debts, and risk management.