Socratic, Platonic and Aristotelian Studies: Essays in Honor of Gerasimos Santas (Philosophical Studies Series, 117)

This volume contains outstanding studies by some of the best scholars in ancient Greek Philosophy on key topics in Socratic, Platonic, and Aristotelian thought. These studies provide rigorous analyses of arguments and texts and often advance original interpretations. The essays in the volume range over a number of central themes in ancient philosophy, such as Socratic and Platonic conceptions of philosophical method; the Socratic paradoxes; Plato's view on justice; the nature of Platonic Forms, especially the Form of the Good; Aristotle's views on the faculties of the soul; Aristotle's functionalist account of the human good; Socratic, Platonic, and Aristotelian views on the nature of desire and its object. The volume will be of interest to students and scholars of ancient philosophy and classics. Cover 1 Philosophical Studies Series 117 3 Socratic, Platonic and Aristotelian Studies: Essays in Honor of Gerasimos Santas 4 ISBN 9789400717299 5 Contents 8 Acknowledgements 10 Abbreviations of Plato's Works 12 Abbreviations of Aristotle's Works 14 Contributors 16 About the Authors 18 Introduction 24 Bibliography 30 1 The Diagnostic Function of Socratic Definitions 32 1.1 The Diagnostic Function: Ethical Theory and Practice in the Socratic Dialogues 32 1.2 Socrates Rejection of Behaviorial Definitions 36 1.3 Psychological Definitions and Ethical Diagnosis 37 1.4 Mitigation 42 Notes 44 Bibliography 48 2 Definition and Elenchus 50 2.1 The Supposed Problem of the Elenchus 50 2.2 Do the Premises Have To Be True? 51 2.3 An Elenchus is No Cartesian Meditation 53 2.4 Say What You Believe 55 2.5 Elenchus Is Only the First Test 58 2.6 Specifying the Definiendum 60 2.7 The Group 61 Notes 62 Bibliography 65 3 Reasons and the Problem of the Socratic Elenchos 66 3.1 Introduction 66 3.2 The Problem and the Epistemic Assumption It Makes 67 3.3 Objections Raised Against the Epistemic Assumption 69 3.4 Reply to the Objections 71 3.5 New Strategy for Adequately Solving the Problem 74 Notes 77 Bibliography 82 4 Santas, Socrates, and Induction 84 4.1 Epagg and Induction 86 4.2 Socratic Epagogic Induction 94 Notes 100 Bibliography 103 5 Socrates Mythologikos 106 5.1 Introduction: Why Did Socrates Turn to Mythmaking 106 5.2 Mythos and Logos 107 5.3 Myth in the Gorgias 108 5.4 Myth in the Phaedo 109 5.5 Myth in the Republic 111 5.6 Myth in the Phaedrus 114 5.7 Conclusion: Myth and Philosophy 116 Notes 119 Bibliography 122 6 Is the Prudential Paradox in the Meno 124 6.1 The Meno Passage 125 6.2 Only One Type of Desire? 127 6.3 Non-Rational Desires in Socratic Moral Psychology 130 Notes 132 Bibliography 132 7 Gerasimos 134 Notes 153 Bibliography 154 8 Beyond De Re: Toward a Dominance Theory of Desire Attribution 156 8.1 Introduction 156 8.2 The Argument for De Re 157 8.3 The First Counterexample 160 8.4 Beyond the De Re/De Dicto Distinction 162 8.5 A Second Apparent Counterexample 164 8.6 Going Beyond De Re 165 8.7 Conclusion 172 Notes 173 Bibliography 174 9 The Good and the Just in Platos Gorgias 176 9.1 Background 176 9.2 The Problem of the Gorgias 179 9.3 A Standard Modern Solution; and an Alternative Suggestion 181 Notes 188 Bibliography 193 10 Socrates, Wisdom and Pedagogy 196 10.1 Introduction 196 10.2 Socratic Reductive Monist Intellectualism 198 10.3 Three Levels to Wisdom 200 10.4 Pedagogy from Lowest to Middle Level 202 10.5 False-Lead Pedagogy 203 10.6 Slave-Boy Illustration 204 10.7 Application to Laches, Meno, and Euthyphro 205 10.8 Conclusion 209 Notes 210 Bibliography 214 11 The Republic as Philosophical Drama 216 11.1 The Antecedents 216 11.2 The Dramatic Setting 218 11.3 Eros Philosophos: From the Symposium to the Republic 222 11.4 The Criticism of Democracy 223 11.5 Democracy and the Decline of Constitutions 227 11.6 A Postscript 233 Notes 234 Bibliography 234 12 Function, Ability and Desire in Platos Republic 236 12.1 A Brief Consideration of Function 237 12.2 Ability in Relation to Function 239 12.3 Ability and Desire 245 Notes 247 Bibliography 249 13 Knowledge, Virtue, and Method in Republic 471c-502c 250 13.1 The Method of Hypothesis 252 13.2 The Structure of Meno 87b2-96d4 254 13.3 The Structure of Republic 471c-502c 256 13.3.1 The First Stage: Identifying the Hypothesis (Republic 471c-473e) 256 13.3.2 The Second Stage, Part 1: The Argument to the Hypothesis (Republic 473e-487a) 258 13.3.3 The Second Stage, Part 2: The Argument from the Hypothesis (Republic 487a-502c) 260 13.4 The Salient Difference and Two Kinds of Consequences 265 13.5 Conclusion 267 Notes 268 Bibliography 273 14 Reasoning About Justice in Platos Republic 276 14.1 Alternative Methodologies 277 14.2 The Functional Method 280 Bibliography 285 15 Plato on Justice 286 15.1 Introduction 286 15.2 Phusis and Nomos 287 15.3 Political Justice 289 15.4 Psychic Justice 293 15.5 Just Action 297 Bibliography 301 16 Plato on the Ideal of Justice and Human Happiness: Return to the Cave (Republic 519e-521b) 302 16.1 Introduction 302 16.2 Platos Functional Theory of Good 302 16.3 Beyond Social and Psychic Justice 303 16.4 The Ideal of Human Happiness 305 16.5 Conclusion 307 16.6 Notes 308 Bibliography 309 17 Surpassing in Dignity and Power: The Metaphysics of Goodness in Platos Republic 312 17.1 Is the Form of the Good a Form? 312 17.2 Characterizing the Good Before the Sun 314 17.3 The Analogy of the Sun 317 17.4 The Not a Form View of the Form of the Good 321 17.5 Surpassing in Power and Dignity 323 Notes 324 Bibliography 326 18 Comments on Platos Causal Explanation 328 18.1 Introduction 328 18.2 The Concept of Aitia 329 18.3 The Concept of Methexis 339 18.4 Questions and Comments 342 Notes 347 Bibliography 351 19 Desires and Faculties in Plato and Aristotle 354 19.1 Platonic Desires 354 19.2 A Better Account 360 19.3 Conclusion 364 Notes 364 Bibliography 364 20 Is Aristotles Function Argument Fallacious? 366 20.1 The Problem 366 20.2 The Basic Argument and the Inference Problem: Simple Inference or Principle? 369 20.3 The Problem of the Definiens. Glassens Interpretation of P2: The Good of Man Versus the Goodness of Man 373 20.4 The Problem of the Definiendum: Is The Human Good What is Good for a Man? 376 20.5 An Alternative Interpretation of the Human Good: The Good of Humans 386 20.6 Conclusion 389 Notes 389 Bibliography 395 21 Aristotle on Discovering and Desiring the Real Good 398 21.1 Introduction 398 21.2 Aristotles First Argument at NE III.4: Wish is Not Simply for the Real Good 399 21.3 Aristotles Second Argument at NE III.4: Wish is Not Simply for the Apparent Good 403 21.4 Aristotles View: Wish is for the Good or the Apparent Good 407 21.4.1 The Absolutely Good (haplôs agathon) 408 21.4.2 The haplês boulêton 408 21.4.3 Aristotle''s Position on the Idea that ''All Desire is for the Apparent Good.'' 415 Notes 416 Bibliography 418 22 Continuity and Incommensurability in Ancient Greek Philosophy and Mathematics 420 Notes 426 Bibliography 429 The Works of Gerasimos Santas 432 Books 432 Articles 432 Index 436 9400717296,9789400717299 Springer 2011 The Diagnostic Function Of Socratic Definitions / Michael Ferejohn -- Definition And Elenchus / Nicholas White -- Reasons And The Problem Of The Socratic Elenchos / Alejandro Santana -- Santas, Socrates, And Induction / Mark L. Mcpherran -- Socrates Mythologikos / Fred D. Miller -- Is The Prudential Paradox In The Meno? / Thomas C. Brickhouse And Nicholas D. Smith -- Gerasimos / Terry Penner -- Beyond De Re: Toward A Dominance Theory Of Desire Attribution / Naomi Reshotko -- The Good And The Just In Plato's Gorgias / Christopher Rowe -- Socrates, Wisdom And Pedagogy / George Rudebusch -- The Republic As Philosophical Drama / John P. Anton -- Function, Ability And Desire In Plato's Republic / Antonis Coumoundouros And Ronald Polansky -- Knowledge, Virtue, And Method In Republic 471c-502c / Hugh Benson -- Reasoning About Justice In Plato's Republic / Anthony W. Price -- Plato On Justice / David Keyt -- Plato On The Ideal Of Justice And Human Happiness: Return To The Cave (republic 519e-521b) / Yuji Kurihara -- Surpassing In Dignity And Power: The Metaphysics Of Goodness In Plato's Republic / Christopher Shields -- Comments On Plato's Causal Explanation / D.z. Andriopoulos -- Desires And Faculties In Plato And Aristotle / Deborah K.w. Modrak -- Is Aristotle's Function Argument Fallacious? / Gavin Lawrence -- Aristotle On Discovering And Desiring The Real Good / Mariana Anagnostopoulos -- Continuity And Incommensurability In Ancient Greek Philosophy And Mathematics / Vassilis Karasmanis. Georgios Anagnostopoulos, Editor. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The Works Of Gerasimos Santas: P. 401-403. Front Matter....Pages i-xxix The Diagnostic Function of Socratic Definitions....Pages 1-17 Definition and Elenchus....Pages 19-34 Reasons and the Problem of the Socratic Elenchos....Pages 35-52 Santas, Socrates, and Induction....Pages 53-74 Socrates Mythologikos ....Pages 75-92 Is the Prudential Paradox in the Meno ?....Pages 93-101 Gerasimos....Pages 103-124 Beyond De Re : Toward a Dominance Theory of Desire Attribution....Pages 125-143 The Good and the Just in Plato’s Gorgias ....Pages 145-163 Socrates, Wisdom and Pedagogy....Pages 165-184 The Republic as Philosophical Drama....Pages 185-204 Function, Ability and Desire in Plato’s Republic ....Pages 205-218 Knowledge, Virtue, and Method in Republic 471c–502c....Pages 219-243 Reasoning About Justice in Plato’s Republic ....Pages 245-254 Plato on Justice....Pages 255-270 Plato on the Ideal of Justice and Human Happiness: Return to the Cave ( Republic 519e–521b)....Pages 271-279 Surpassing in Dignity and Power: The Metaphysics of Goodness in Plato’s Republic ....Pages 281-296 Comments on Plato’s Causal Explanation....Pages 297-322 Desires and Faculties in Plato and Aristotle....Pages 323-333 Is Aristotle’s Function Argument Fallacious?....Pages 335-365 Aristotle on Discovering and Desiring the Real Good....Pages 367-387 Continuity and Incommensurability in Ancient Greek Philosophy and Mathematics....Pages 389-399 Back Matter....Pages 401-409 This book collects studies by leading scholars in ancient Greek Philosophy on key topics in Socratic, Platonic, and Aristotelian thought. The essays range over a number of central themes in ancient philosophy, providing rigorous analyses of arguments and texts