Society and Democracy in South Korea and Indonesia

This book is divided into three sections comprised of pairs of chapters. First, a section examining how Confucianism interacts with democratic resilience in South Korea, compared with the societal role and challenge of Islam in Indonesian democracy. The second section will conduct brief historical surveys of the role of civil society role in Korean and Indonesian democratization, and debates about the appropriate role for civil society after democratization. In particular, the various roles of civil society non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and popular movements will be highlighted in both countries. The final section looks at socio-economic conditions and distributive justice in relation to democracy in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and Indonesia. Brendan Howe is Dean and Professor of International Relations at Ewha Womans University Graduate School of International Studies, South Korea, and President of the Asian Political and International Studies Association Acknowledgements Contents Notes on Contributors Abbreviations List of Tables 1 Political Culture and Societal Exceptionalism: Challenges to Democracy? The Role of Society in Democracy Asian Alternatives Overview References 2 Confucianism and Democratization in South Korea: A Comparative Perspective Introduction An Overview of South Korea’s Democracy Empirical Testing Conflict Model Compatible Model The Hybrid Model New Korean Theorization of Confucian Democracy Conclusion References 3 Between the Internal Struggle and Electoral Rules Effect: The Challenges of Political Islam in a Democratic Indonesia Introduction Situating the Debate Tracing the Sources of Islamic Groups’ Lackluster Performances The Effect of Electoral Rules? Conclusion References 4 Civil Society and Democratization in South Korea Introduction Two Interpretations of Civil Society in South Korean Democracy The Road to 1987: Four Decades of Struggle Civil Society in the Early Cold War Era Oppression and Resistance Under Park The Breakthrough of the 1980s Civil Society in the Wake of Democratization Politics and Partisanship in Civil Society Co-Optation and Partial Incorporation A Tale of Two Impeachments Conclusion References 5 NGOs and Democratization in Indonesia: From Co-optation to Collaboration Introduction Transformation Collaboration Government Initiatives NGO Challenges to Collaborate NGO Sustainability Final Notes References 6 From Poster Child to Poor Cousin? Expanding the Frontiers of Economic Democracy in South Korea Introduction From Poster Child to Poor Cousin Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Dynamic Duo? Dissatisfaction with Life, Dissatisfaction with Democracy Expanding the Frontiers of Economic Democracy Conclusion References 7 Socio-Economic Conditions and Indonesian Democratic Support Introduction Democratic Progress and Economic Development Since 1998: A Brief Overview Literature Review: Democratic Support and Economic Satisfaction Data and Methodology Findings Income Inequality and Democratic Support Conclusion References 8 The Societal Basis of East Asian Democracy Universalism and Democratic Principles East Asian Governance Exceptionalism and Societal Values East Asian Communities and the Social Construction of Governance Values References Correction to: Society and Democracy in South Korea and Indonesia Correction to: B. Howe (ed.), Society and Democracy in South Korea and Indonesia, Security, Development and Human Rights in East Asia, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06267-4 Index