Society 5.0 and Next Generation Healthcare : Patient-Focused and Technology-Assisted Precision Therapies

This book analyses the ability of technological advancements to represent, enhance, and empower multidisciplinarity in the context of Society 5.0. and next generation medicine. New technologies allow patients to communicate with medical personnel anytime, anywhere and shape the terrain of healthcare ecosystem at an unprecedented rate. Five main trends become apparent in this process: Hybrid care models combining virtual and in-person services, digitization of healthcare specialties, increased Artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, health systems moving to the cloud and advanced precision medicine. In its chapters the book dissects the important roles for technologies in areas such as digital twinning, big data, Internet of Things, AI, cyber-physical systems, blockchain technology to lead the healthcare digitalization envisioned in Society 5.0. Throughout the book the authors discuss how to incorporate these new technologies legally, ethically, safely, and securely and in keeping with the highest standards of human rights. It also advocates for the need for careful oversight and mindful allocation of resources and energy for sustainable development. This book, written by experts in the field from academia and industry, will appeal to researchers, healthcare professionals, policy makers, teachers and students interested in the ways healthcare is reorganized based on digital transformation efforts and the rethinking of care, including technologies. Contents Society 5.0: Realizing Next-Generation Healthcare 1 Introduction 1.1 Industrial Revolution 1.2 What Is Society 5.0? 2 Digital Transformation in Healthcare 2.1 Health Technologies 2.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 2.3 Digital Twins 2.4 Internet of Things (IoT) 2.5 Blockchain Technology 2.6 Health Informatics 2.7 Merging Cyberspace with Physical Space to Improve Women ́s Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 2.8 Integration of Cyber-Physical Systems in the Advancement of Society 5.0 Healthcare Management 2.9 Society 5.0 and Quality Multidisciplinary Care of Malignant Solid Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Settings 2.10 Technological Innovations and the Advancement of Preventive Healthcare for Society 5.0 2.11 Transformation of the Healthcare Ecosystem in the Era of Society 5.0 3 Barriers to the Implementation of Society 5.0-Based Healthcare the Energy Crisis 4 Ethical and Legal Challenges in Society 5.0 Next-Generation Healthcare 5 Conclusion References Health Informatics Applications in Healthcare and Society 5.0 1 Introduction 2 Informatics and Big Data in Healthcare 2.1 Patients ́ and OMICS Data in Healthcare 2.2 Bioinformatics in Healthcare: Integrating Biology and Bedside 3 Role of Informatics in Equitable Health and Society 5.0 4 IoMT and ML in Healthcare and Society 5.0 5 Social Health in Society 5.0 6 Exposomics: Molecules, Lifestyle, Environment, and Populations Intersecting 7 Human Rights and Privacy Protection: Rising Ethical Concerns in Health Informatics 8 Limitations and Challenges of Health Informatics in Healthcare and Society 5.0 9 Conclusions References Society 5.0 and Quality Multidisciplinary Care of Malignant Solid Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Settings 1 Introduction 2 Technological Development and Advanced Digitalization and Computing Platforms for Society 5.0 3 Society 5.0 and Prevention of Malignant Solid Tumors in Adults 4 Society 5.0 During Diagnosis and Staging of Cancers in Adults 5 Society 5.0 and Risk Stratification for Prognostication of Cancer 6 Society 5.0 Facilitation of Multidisciplinary Decision-Making in the Management of Cancer 7 Society 5.0 and Precision Oncology in the Management of Cancer Including Surgical Treatment, Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy... 8 Society 5.0 During Follow-Up After Treatment of Cancer 9 Society 5.0 for Sustainable Development Goals and Vision 2030 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 10 Limitations 11 Recommendation 12 Future Prospects 13 Conclusion References Technological Innovations and the Advancement of Preventive Healthcare for Society 5.0 1 Introduction 1.1 The Traditional Methods of Disease Prevention 1.1.1 Primordial Prevention 1.1.2 Primary Prevention 1.1.3 Secondary Prevention 1.1.4 Tertiary Prevention 1.1.5 Quaternary Prevention 1.2 Preventive Medicine Approaches 1.2.1 Lifestyle, Food and Nutrition 1.2.2 Immune System Boost 1.2.3 Policy Regulations 1.3 Challenges of the Traditional Methods of Preventive Medicine in LMICs 2 Overview of Technological Advances in Artificial Intelligence-Based Therapeutics and Diagnostics for Preventive Medicine Pra... 3 Application of Geospatial Technologies for Disease Control and Prevention 4 Technological Advances in Preventative Medicine 4.1 Leveraging the Adoption and Use of Digital Technology for Dissemination of Preventive Medicine Information 4.2 Use of Technologies for Treatment Adherence (Secondary Prevention) 4.3 Sensor Technologies for the Detection of Biomarkers in Body Fluids for Preventative Medicine 4.4 Sensor Technologies for Nonvolatile Biomarkers 4.4.1 Tear Sensors 4.4.2 Saliva Sensors 4.4.3 Sweat Sensors 4.5 Sensor Technologies for Volatile Biomarkers 4.5.1 Breath Sensors 4.5.2 Skin Perspiration Sensors 4.5.3 Digestive System Sensors 4.6 Wearable Technology and Smart Clothing 5 Technological Advances for the Preventive Medicine and Healthcare Practice for Future Smart Society 5.0 5.1 Use of Technology for Continuous Contact Between Individuals and Healthcare Providers for Preventive Medicine 6 Limitations and Challenges 6.1 Adverse Effects of Excessive Technology Use 6.2 AI-Based Applications, Including Surgical Robots, Preventative Health Software Applications (Diagnostic, Drug Discover and... 6.3 Limitations and Adverse Impact on Biology and Human Behavior for Wearable Technologies 6.3.1 Technical Issues 6.3.2 Durability 6.3.3 Social Acceptability, Especially for Low-Income Individuals 7 Concluding Remarks References Internet of Things in Society 5.0 and the Democratization of Healthcare 1 Introduction 1.1 Internet of Things in Society 5.0 and Healthcare 1.1.1 IoT-Based Healthcare Construction 1.1.2 Health Service Improvement Through IoT 1.1.3 4P Medicine (Personalized, Predictive, Participatory and Preventive) Using IoT Services 1.1.4 Democratize the Healthcare System with IoT Artificial Intelligence and Society 5.0 1.2 Internet of Things and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) 2 Challenges of IoT and Society 5.0 3 Benefits and Future Perspectives 4 Conclusion References Merging Cyberspace with Physical Space to Improve Cervical Cancer Management and Women ́s Health in Lower-Middle-Income Countri... 1 Introduction 1.1 What Does Merging Cyberspace with Physical Space Imply? 1.2 What Makes Society 5.0 the Hope for Women ́s Health in LMICs? 2 The Societal Problem of Cervical Cancer 3 The Sustainable Development Goals and Society 5.0 4 What Are the Society 5.0 Solutions to Cervical Cancer? (Some Insights) 4.1 Information Gathering 4.2 Information Processing 4.3 Application to the Real World 4.3.1 Rapid HPV DNA PCR Machine 5 How Will Society 5.0 Benefit Women ́s Healthcare in LMICs? 6 How Will Cervical Cancer Screening Be Affected? 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Medical Laboratories in Cervical Cytology and HPV Screening in the Context of Vision 2030 and Society 5.0 6.3 HPV Self-Testing Devices Are Already in Use on the Continent 6.4 Newer Cervical Screening Technologies That May Benefit the LMICs 6.4.1 HPV DNA 6.4.2 HPV mRNA Technology 6.4.3 Digital Colposcopy 6.4.4 Self-Sampling for HPV 6.4.5 DNA Methylation 6.4.6 The Use of Gene-Xpert 6.4.7 HPV First Void Urine Testing 6.5 Radiotherapy Management in LMICs 6.5.1 Radiotherapy Access in LMICs 6.5.2 Technological Advances to Deal with LMICs ́ Radiotherapy Needs Hypofractionated Radiotherapy 7 A Vision for the Future in LMICs 8 Challenges to Implementing Programs for Improving Women ́s Health in LMICs 9 Conclusion References Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Drug Discovery and the Achievement of Next-Generation Human-Centered Health System 1 Introduction 2 Drug Discovery 2.1 Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery 2.1.1 Artificial Intelligence in Identifying Potential Drug Targets 2.1.2 Artificial Intelligence Tools in Pharmaceuticals 2.1.3 Artificial Intelligence in Drug Screening/Virtual Screening 2.1.4 Artificial Intelligence in Prediction of Physiochemical Properties 2.1.5 Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Drug-Drug and Drug-Food Interactions 2.1.6 Drug Repurposing 2.1.7 Clinical Trial Design and Artificial Intelligence 2.2 Challenges 3 Achieving a Human-Centered Health System 4 Human Rights Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Drug Development 5 Conclusion References The Role of Digital Twinning, the Next Generation of EMR/EHR in Healthcare in a Society 5.0: Collecting Patient Data from Birt... 1 Introduction 2 History, Overview, and the Generation of a Digital Twin 2.1 Data Used to Generate a Digital Twin 3 The Role of a Digital Twin in a Society 5.0 Healthcare System 3.1 Digital Twins in Personalized Medicine 3.2 Treatment Modeling 3.3 Aggregate Twins and Digital Twin Populations: Whole Population Modeling 4 Issues with Digital Twins 5 Conclusion References Integration of Cyber-Physical Systems in the Advancement of Society 5.0 Healthcare Management 1 Introduction 2 CPS-Embedded Systems 2.1 Fog- and Cloud-Based CPS for Diagnosis and Disease Management 3 Nanotechnology 4 Robotics 4.1 Surgery 4.2 Other Healthcare Robots 5 Metaverse Platforms in Healthcare Industry 6 Challenges of CPS Healthcare Systems 7 Conclusion References Transformation of the Healthcare Ecosystem in the Era of Society 5.0 1 The Main Objectives of Healthcare Ecosystem Design 2 The Trends of the Healthcare Ecosystem 3 Hybrid Care Models Combining Physical and Virtual Services 3.1 Digitization of Healthcare Specialties 4 Digital Transformation of the Healthcare Ecosystem Through Blockchain Health Technology 4.1 Digitalization Through the Internet of Things 4.2 Benefits of IoT 4.3 Examples of Internet of Things 4.3.1 Limitations of Internet of Things-Based Systems 4.3.2 Digitalization Using Robotic Services 4.3.3 Increased Artificial Intelligence Adoption 4.3.4 Migration of Health Systems to the Cloud 4.3.5 Advanced Precision Medicine 5 Technology and Innovation in Biomarker Discovery Through Genomics and Multi-omics Data Processing 6 Funding Mechanisms in Propelling Health Innovation 6.1 Innovative Finance Can Be Applied in Four Key Areas of the Healthcare Ecosystem 7 Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals 8 Overall Impact of Technology on the Ecosystem 9 Human Rights 10 Privacy 11 Safety 12 Security 13 Oversight 14 Energy Crisis 15 Resource Crisis 16 Conclusion References Healthcare Transformation Using Blockchain Technology in the Era of Society 5.0 1 Introduction 1.1 Health Data Challenges in the Healthcare Industry 2 Blockchain Technology in 5.0 Society 2.1 What Is Blockchain Technology? 3 Blockchain Structure 4 Blockchain Categories 5 Applications of Blockchain in Society 5.0 Healthcare 5.1 Healthcare Record-Keeping Using Blockchain 5.2 Healthcare Data Sharing Using Blockchain 5.3 Healthcare Data Security and Identity Management Using Blockchain 5.4 Monitoring of Patients Remotely 5.5 Healthcare Financial Records Management Using Blockchain 6 Application of Blockchain in Society 5.0 Pharmaceuticals 6.1 Drug Tracing Using Blockchain 6.2 Clinical Trials Using Blockchain 6.3 Public Health Management Using Blockchain 6.4 Healthcare Supply Chain Using Blockchain 7 The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Versus Blockchain Technology 8 Blockchain Challenges and Limitations 8.1 Low Throughput 8.2 High Latency 8.3 Security and Privacy Issues 8.4 Fork Issues 8.5 Wasting of Resources and Energy 8.6 Usability 8.7 Size and Bandwidth Limitation 8.8 Human Rights Issues 9 Conclusion References Society 5.0 Healthcare: Ethics, Legal Rights, Human Rights, Safety and Security 1 Introduction 2 Human Values and Ethics 3 Specific Ethical Problems Surrounding Healthcare Technologies in Healthcare 5.0 3.1 Sociodemographic Biases and Protecting Vulnerable Populations 3.2 Protection of the Individual 3.2.1 Employment and Job Market 3.2.2 Informed Consent 3.2.3 Safety 3.3 Excess Data Collection, Data Quality, and Over- and Under-Diagnosis 3.4 Privacy and Protection of Information 4 Inherent Flaws in the New Technologies 5 Applications to Medical Research 6 Legal Rights and Issues 6.1 Regulation 6.2 Data Privacy and Protection 6.3 Liability and Responsibility 6.4 Intellectual Property 7 Solutions to Some of These Issues 8 Conclusion References Way Forward for Society 5.0 and Next-Generation Healthcare 1 Conclusion References