Societies and Cities in the Age of Instant Access (GeoJournal Library (88))

We are on the verge of what many are calling the "second information revolution," based on ubiquitous access to both computing and information. Handheld communication devices will become portable and even wearable remote control devices for both the social and physical worlds. At the same time, access to information will likely flourish, with an explosion in the volumes of data collected and distributed by these new devices; volumes of information about people delivered to more and more people, in new ways. The technologies of instant access have potential to transform dramatically our lives, cities, societies and economies much like the railroad, telephone, automobile and Internet changed our world in the previous ages. This book contains chapters by leading international experts who discuss issues surrounding the impact of instant access on cities, daily lives, transportation, privacy, social and economic networks, community and education 0......Page 1 Societies and Cities in the Age of Instant Access......Page 2 Table of Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 13 PART1 Introduction......Page 14 Introduction......Page 15 What is accessibility?......Page 16 Wireless communication......Page 17 Location-aware technologies......Page 19 Pervasive computing......Page 20 Ambient findability......Page 21 Time geography......Page 22 Space-time convergence and telepresence......Page 25 Cooperation and reputation......Page 27 Interactions between physical and virtual space......Page 30 Cities and the built environment......Page 32 Activities in space and time......Page 33 Transportation......Page 34 Mobile information services......Page 35 Social and economic networks......Page 36 Community......Page 37 References......Page 38 PART2 Cities and the Built Environment......Page 41 Introduction......Page 42 Towards critical expanse......Page 43 The (new) middle landscape......Page 45 Conclusion......Page 46 Notes......Page 47 References......Page 48 2 Terminologische Vorüberlegungen zu den Begriffen „Mobilität“ und „Verkehr“......Page 49 2.1 Soziale Mobilität......Page 51 2.3 Räumlich-zeitliche Mobilität......Page 52 2.4 Abgrenzung der Begriffe „Mobilität“ und „Verkehr“......Page 55 Introduction......Page 56 Information parametric......Page 57 Information interoperability......Page 58 Information legacy......Page 59 Information simulation......Page 60 Simulation types......Page 61 BIM-derived data as input for planning models......Page 62 Performance-based planning......Page 64 BIM in disaster planning......Page 66 BIM and the planning process......Page 67 Conclusion: implementation challenges......Page 68 References......Page 69 Introduction......Page 70 Myth 2: The extensible individual......Page 72 Myth 4: Physical networking will be substituted for by virtual......Page 73 Myth 7: Casting away our material bodies......Page 74 Cities in the age of instant access?...A thought experiment......Page 75 Substitution......Page 77 Equalization......Page 78 Human nature......Page 79 Conclusion......Page 80 References......Page 81 PART3 Activities in Space and Time......Page 83 Introduction......Page 84 The changing use of time......Page 85 IT/instant access, and time use: Implications for physical activity......Page 87 The built environment and physical activity......Page 90 IT/instant access, the built environment, and physical activity......Page 91 Outlining a research agenda......Page 95 References......Page 96 Introduction......Page 99 Time geography......Page 100 Virtual space, tele-presence, and virtual activities......Page 101 An extended time-geographical framework for physical and virtual activities......Page 102 Relationships of physical space and virtual space......Page 103 Capability constraints......Page 104 Coupling constraints......Page 105 Space-time paths with physical and virtual activities......Page 106 Adjusted space-time prisms for virtual activities......Page 108 Human interactions in the age of instant access......Page 110 Conclusions......Page 112 References......Page 114 Introduction......Page 115 Time geography for the age of instant access......Page 116 The creation of marker episodes, assignations and prisms......Page 118 Information and assignations......Page 122 Opening game: assignations and ICT in two domains......Page 123 Conclusions......Page 125 References......Page 127 Introduction......Page 129 Integrating spatialization with geospatial data and technology......Page 130 Traveling in attribute space: Applications and examples......Page 133 Single path across a single geographic area......Page 134 Multiple paths across a single geographic area......Page 136 Comparing paths within multiple geographic areas......Page 139 Conclusions......Page 143 Acknowledgements......Page 144 References......Page 145 PART4 Transportation......Page 146 Introduction......Page 147 Literature review......Page 148 Research methodology......Page 151 Socioeconomic characteristics......Page 153 VMT......Page 154 Number of trips......Page 156 Number of walking trips......Page 157 Conclusion......Page 158 References......Page 159 Introduction......Page 161 Acceptance of mobility information and travel behavior......Page 162 Data basis......Page 164 Awareness and use of mobility information (services)......Page 165 Influencing travel behavior by mobility information?......Page 167 Conclusion......Page 171 References......Page 172 Introduction......Page 173 Geosensor networks......Page 175 Constraints of trip planning......Page 177 The planning task......Page 178 The negotiation needs......Page 179 Communication strategies......Page 180 Offers, bookings and cancellations......Page 181 The simulation in an example......Page 182 Requests......Page 183 Offers......Page 184 Specification of the simulation......Page 185 Simulation results......Page 186 Acknowledgements......Page 187 References......Page 188 Introduction......Page 189 Mobile information and communication technology......Page 190 Notions of privacy......Page 191 Notions of public spaces......Page 192 Impacts on public spaces......Page 193 Research aims......Page 194 Results......Page 195 Final remarks......Page 196 Notes......Page 197 References......Page 198 Introduction......Page 200 Locational privacy principles......Page 201 Data masks......Page 203 Geographic masks......Page 205 Anonymity, k-anonymity and pseudonymity......Page 207 Towards a spatiotemporal model of locational disclosure......Page 210 Representation of tracked objects......Page 211 Uncertainty......Page 212 Anonymity......Page 213 References......Page 214 Introduction......Page 217 Geographic information systems......Page 218 Wireless communication technology......Page 219 Standards......Page 220 New value-added service for LBS......Page 221 Purchasing and stopping cost......Page 223 Solution algorithms......Page 225 Concierge service applications......Page 226 Mobile navigation services......Page 227 Notes......Page 228 References......Page 229 Cyberlocal, Dataspace and DigiPlace......Page 230 GoogleLocal and the construction of DigiPlace......Page 232 Creating a hybrid measure of distance......Page 235 Changing notions of visibility......Page 236 Spatially elastic......Page 237 Individually determined......Page 238 Temporally dynamic......Page 239 Conclusion......Page 241 Notes......Page 242 Reference......Page 243 Introduction......Page 244 Laws of media: The double-helix structure of the social consequences of technological innovations......Page 245 LBS: The media and the messages......Page 248 LBS: The media......Page 249 The message of LBS (E) - What does LBS enhance?......Page 250 The message of LBS (O): What does LBS make obsolete?......Page 251 The message of LBS (Rt): What does LBS retrieve?......Page 253 The message of LBS (Rv): What does LBS reverse into?......Page 254 Summary and conclusions: Can we avoid the tragedy of the information commons?......Page 255 Acknowledgement......Page 256 References......Page 257 PART6 Social and Economic Networks......Page 261 Background: The blogging phenomena......Page 262 Blog types......Page 263 Blogstypes......Page 264 Utility of blogging and other communication data in social sciences......Page 265 Does blogging differ by zip code?......Page 266 Datasets and methodology used in the presentresearch......Page 268 Opinion leaders and influencers......Page 270 Community extraction......Page 272 Further characterization of networks......Page 273 Blogging in response to natural disaster......Page 274 References......Page 278 Introduction......Page 281 Signs of the economic divide: Mobile phone usage and availability among low-income population......Page 282 Poor landline infrastructure......Page 283 The rise of pre-paid phones......Page 285 Social usages: On some consequences of technology development and price policies......Page 286 High-income population: Access to the same services and same behavior patterns as in the ``developed'' world?......Page 287 Are cell phones redefining the digital divide? Considerations about the use of mobiletechnologies among low income population......Page 289 Conclusions......Page 292 Notes......Page 293 References......Page 294 Introduction......Page 297 Disintermediation vs. reintermediation......Page 298 Migration of firms from real to virtual space: e-logistics providers......Page 299 Geographic dimensions......Page 302 Constructing an agent-based model (ABM) of the logistics industry......Page 303 Model design......Page 305 Model implementation: programming, testing, analysis, and validation......Page 306 Conclusion......Page 308 References......Page 309 PART7 Community......Page 314 Introduction......Page 315 TIP decision processes and access to public meetings......Page 317 Rethinking public participation as access within public meetings......Page 319 Conclusions and next steps for modeling participation and meaning-making......Page 323 References......Page 324 Introduction......Page 327 The network......Page 329 Content and activities......Page 331 The effect of new and rich media......Page 332 Future of education and visual information......Page 333 Content provision......Page 334 Network lessons......Page 336 Generation of business opportunities......Page 337 Conclusion......Page 339 References......Page 340 Index......Page 341 We are on the verge of what many are calling the "second information revolution," based on ubiquitous access to both computing and information. The technologies of instant access have potential to transform dramatically our lives. This book contains chapters by leading international experts. They discuss issues surrounding the impact of instant access on cities, daily lives, transportation, privacy, social and economic networks, community and education.