Social Robots in Social Institutions : Proceedings of Robophilosophy 2022

Social institutions emerge from social practices which coordinate activities by the explicit statement of rules, goals, and values. When artificial social actors are introduced into the physical and symbolic space of institutions, will this affect or transform institutional structures and practices, and how can social robotics as an interdisciplinary endeavor contribute to the ability of our institutions to perform their functions in society? This book presents the Proceedings of Robophilosophy 2022, the 5th event in the biennial Robophilosophy conference series, held in Helsinki, Finland, from 16 to 19 August 2022. The theme of this edition of the conference was Social Robots in Social Institutions, and it featured international multidisciplinary research from the humanities, social sciences, Human-Robot Interaction, and social robotics. The 63 papers, 41 workshop papers and 5 posters included in this book are divided into 4 sections: plenaries, sessions, workshops and posters, with the 41 papers in the ‘Sessions’ section grouped into 13 subdivisions including elderly care, healthcare, law, education and art, as well as ethics and religion. These papers explore the anticipated conceptual and practical changes which will come about in the course of introducing social robotics into public and private institutions, such as public services, legal systems, social and healthcare services, or educational institutions. The research contributions collected here offer cutting edge explorations of the societal significance of social robots for the future of social institutions – they will be of interest to both researchers in Robophilosophy, Human-Robot Interactions, and robotics, as well as private companies and policy makers aiming to place artificial social agents in social institutions. Preface Acknowledgements Contents Preface • Raul Hakli, Pekka Mäkelä, and Johanna Seibt Acknowledgements • Raul Hakli, Pekka Mäkelä, and Johanna Seibt Part I. Plenaries Artificial Intelligence, Humanoid Robots, and Old and New Control Problems • Sven Nyholm Responsible AI: From Principles to Action • Virginia Dignum Socially Assistive Robotics: Methods and Implications for the Future of Work and Care • Maja Matarić Robots, Institutional Roles and Collective Ends • Seumas Miller Decisional Issues for Human-Robot Joint Action • Rachid Alami Three Ethical Arguments Against Killer Robots • Catrin Misselhorn Part II. Sessions Robots in Elderly Care Right to Robot or a Duty to Older Generations • Migle Laukyte Social Robots in Care Facilities: Reflections on Current Research and the Potential of Ethical Visions • Peter Remmers and Nele Fischer Possibilities and Limitations of Objective List Approaches to Human Dignity for Assessing the Impact of Carebots in Aged Care Facilities • Andreas Wolfsteller Elders’ Expectations and Experiences with a Companion-Type Social Robot: Ethical Implications • Stefanie Baisch and Thorsten Kolling A Small Set of Ethical Challenges for Elder-Care Robots • Rajitha Ramanayake and Vivek Nallur Robots in Healthcare Two Issues with the Empathy-Based Argument Against Robot-Physicians • Elodie Malbois Robots and Norms of Care: A Comparative Analysis of the Reception of Robotic Assistance in Nursing • Hironori Matsuzaki and Pascal Gliesche Counselor Bots as Mental Healthcare Assistants and Some Ethical Challenges • Zahra Norouzi, Fatemeh Amirkhani and Saeedeh Babaii A Comparative Data Protection Analysis of Healthcare Robots: On Informed Consent in Human-Robot Interaction • Yueh-Hsuan Weng The Significance of the Sense of Touch for the Use of Social Robots in Care Settings • Iva Apostolova Stakeholders’ Experiences of and Expectations for Robot Accents in a Dental Care Simulation: A Finland-Swedish Case Study • Susanne Hägglund, Christa Tigerstedt, Dennis Biström, Mattias Wingren, Sören Andersson, Kristoffer Kuvaja Adolfsson, Johan Penttinen and Leonardo Espinosa-Leal Robots in Law and Policing Robots in Policing • Oliver Bendel Granting Negative Rights to Humanoid Robots • Cindy Friedman The Use and Abuse of Normative Ethics for Moral Machines • Jakob Stenseke Robots in Education A Friend or a Machine? A Study on the Child–Robot Relationship in a Foreign Language Class of Young Learners • Liisa Peura and Marjut Johansson Robo-Education and the Pedagogical Divide • Mihaela Constantinescu, Radu Uszkai and Constantin Vică Social Robotics as Moral Education? Fighting Discrimination Through the Design of Social Robots • Fabio Fossa Robots in Art Using Robot-Mediated Applied Drama to Foster Anti-Bullying Peer Support • Elaheh Sanoubari, Amanda Johnson, John Edison Munoz, Andrew Houston and Kerstin Dautenhahn Creativity and AI: A Response to Boden • Catherine F. Botha At Least, Be Human: Humanizing the Robot as a Medium for Communication • Michael Suguitan Robots at Work Trusting Workers: Information and Sociability in the Digital Age • Valeria Martino All Robots Are Disabled • Rua M. Williams Helping-as-Work and Helping-as-Care: Mapping Ambiguities of Helping Commercial Delivery Robots • Anna Dobrosovestnova and Tim Reinboth Robots in Culture and Religion How Does Culture Travel? Narratives and Practices of Japan’s Social Robotics in a “Post-Cultural” World • Sonia Zhang Can We Have Cultural Robotics Without Emotions? • Laura Candiotto and Masoumeh Mansouri Retrospective Insights on the Impacts of the Catholic Robot SanTO • Gabriele Trovato and Yueh-Hsuan Weng Confucianism and the Ethics of Social Robots in Eldercare • Billy Wheeler Social Norms and Roles The AI-Stance: Crossing the Terra Incognita of Human-Machine Interactions? • Anna Strasser and Michael Wilby Identifying Opportunities for Social Robots in Youth Services: A Case Study of a Youth Guidance Center • Kirsikka Kaipainen, Salla Jarske and Kaisa Väänänen What Norms Are Social Robots Reflecting? A Socio-Legal Exploration on HRI Developers • Laetitia Tanqueray and Stefan Larsson Breaking the Typecast? Moral Status and Trust in Robotic Moral Patients • Jaime Banks, Kevin Koban and Brad Haggadone Called Back Onstage: Dramaturgic Analysis, Domestic Social Robots, and Privacy • Tom N. Coggins Human-Robot Interaction Robot Rulez!? Creative Shifts, Normalization and Reciprocal Recognition as Problems for Robotic Social Practices • Tobias Störzinger and Tom Poljanšek A Hermeneutical Approach to Provide Robots with Socially Adaptive Perception • Carlo Mazzola, Sara Incao, Massimo Marassi, Francesco Rea and Alessandra Sciutti HRI: From Interaction to (Lived) Experience • Karolina Zawieska HRI in the AGH Space Systems Planetary Rover Team: A Study of Long-Term Human-Robot Cooperation • Nina Bażela and Paweł Graczak How Far Can We Get in Creating a Digital Replica of a Philosopher? • Anna Strasser, Matthew Crosby and Eric Schwitzgebel Responsible and Explainable Robotics Durkheim’s Theory of the Division of Labor and Its Relevance for Socially Responsible Robotics • Zachary Daus Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Robotic Choices • Arto Laitinen and Otto Sahlgren Social Robots in Constructive Conflicts • Dave B Miller, Ben D Sawyer, James Intriligator and Byron Bland Towards a Questions-Centered Approach to Explainable Human-Robot Interaction • Glenda Hannibal and Felix Lindner Explaining Intentional and Unintentional Behavior: Social Norms for Explainable Robots • Guglielmo Papagni and Sabine Koeszegi Ethics Robotics for Human Creativity: Ethical Issues • Oliver Santiago Quick and Sladjana Nørskov Ethical Planning with Multiple Temporal Values • Timothy Parker, Umberto Grandi, Emiliano Lorini, Aurélie Clodic and Rachid Alami Ethics in Action: Envisioning Human Values in the Early Stages of Drone Development • Nicolai Iversen and Dylan Cawthorne Communication with Representations of the Dead by Computational Commemoration and Social Robotics • Kirsten Brukamp Robotic Co-Evolution or K.O. of Robo-Evolution – Quo Vadis, Digital Humanism? • Michael Funk, Christopher Frauenberger and Peter Reichl The Ethics of Robot-Nudgers’ Design • Stefano Calboli, Jani Even and Pierluigi Graziani Relational Accounts Social Robots and Relational Capacities • Fabio Tollon Thinking Unwise: A Relational U-Turn • Nicholas Barrow How We Respond to Robots and Whether It Matters Morally • Miriam Gorr Sociomorphing Sociomorphing and an Actor-Network Approach to Social Robotics • Piercosma Bisconti and Luca Possati Dual Aspect Presence: Intercorporeality for Thee But Not for Me • Robin Zebrowski Recipient Design, Sociomorphing and Experienced Sociality • Kerstin Fischer and Johanna Seibt Part III. Workshops Workshop 1. Persons, Things, or Otherwise Persons, Things or Otherwise: The Place of Social Robots in Social Institutions • David J. Gunkel Humans with, Not Versus Robots • Diana Mădălina Mocanu Should We Speculate About Robots? • Jesse de Pagter Challenging the Premises of the Techno-Responsibility Gap • Dane Leigh Gogoshin If Robots Were Persons, What Kind of Persons Could and Should They Be? • Maciej Musiał Legal Personhood for Artificial Intelligence: Can and Should It Be Conferred? • Aybike Tunç How Should the Law Treat Attacks on Police Robots? • Kamil Mamak Challenges for the Inclusion of Robots in Social Institutions • Henrik Skaug Sætra It’s Time to Make a Luddite Turn – We’re Confronted with Neo-Tayloristic Vampire Robots • Anne Gerdes Robots Should Not Be Slaves • David J. Gunkel Workshop 2. Roboticists’ Perspective on Social Robots in Social Institutions Roboticists’ Perspective on Social Robots in Social Institutions: How to Design Social Robots That Can Operate in Complex Social Environments? • Aurélie Clodic, Raul Hakli, Ely Repiso-Polo and Kathleen Belhassein Social Robots for Social Institutions: Scaling up and Cutting Back on Cognition • Ingar Brinck Workshop 3. ELSI of the Avatar Symbiotic Society ELSI of the Avatar Symbiotic Society • Minao Kukita, Takayuki Kanda, Fumio Shimpo, Takayuki Katoand Hiroshi Ishiguro Realization of the Avatar Symbiotic Society: The Concept and Technologies • Hiroshi Ishiguro Moral Computing for Avatars and Its Ethical Challenges • Takayuki Kanda and Minao Kukita Legal Issues Concerning Cybernetic Avatars • Fumio Shimpo Looking for an Obscenity Standard in the Cybernetic Avatar World • Takayuki Kato Workshop 4. Re-Configuring HRI – Part 2: The Mutual Shaping of (Social) Robots and (Social) Institutions Re-Configuring HRI – Part 2: The Mutual Shaping of (Social) Robots and (Social) Institutions • Antonia Krummheuer, Andreas Bischof, Matthias Rehm and Eva Hornecker Is There a Need for Critical Robotics Research? • Sara Ljungblad, Niamh Ni Bhroin, Sofia Serholt and Mafalda Samuelsson Gamboa Workshop 5. Regulation of the Use of Social Robotics in Care Settings: A Simulation Regulation of the Use of Social Robotics in Care Settings: A Simulation • Perry Share and John Pender Workshop 6. Social Robots Between Trust and Deception: The Impact on Institutions and Practices Social Robots Between Trust and Deception: The Impact on Institutions and Practices • Paolo Dario, Gastone Ciuti, Alberto Pir Workshop 7. Beyond Robot Therapy: Embodied AI, Mental Healthcare, and Value Sensitive Design Beyond Robot Therapy: Embodied AI, Mental Healthcare, and Value Sensitive Design • Tomi Kokkonen, Nils Ehrenberg, Polaris Koi, Pii Telakivi and Tuomas Vesterinen Living Inside a Robot: Value-Sensitive Design for AI-Guided Physical Environment • Tomi Kokkonen The Robotic Home: New Tools or Extended Cognitive Agency? • Pii Telakivi Relativizing the Design: An Ameliorative Approach to the Looping Effects of Social Robots in Mental Healthcare • Tuomas Vesterinen Workshop 8. Determining the Subjective Surplus in Social Role Performance: A Case for ISR Determining the Subjective Surplus in Social Role Performance: A Case for ISR • Johanna Seibt, Malene Flensborg Damholdt, Christina Vestergaard, Oliver Quick and Catharina Smedegaard The Need for Novelty in Social Roles: Exploring Robots in Social Roles from the Perspective of Interactional Novelty • Catharina V. Smedegaard Workshop 9. Institutions, Robots, Algorithms and Law Institutions, Robots, Algorithms and Law • Julia Cherny Should Robots Have Standing? From Robot Rights to Robot Rites • David J. Gunkel Robots, Autonomous Systems, AI, and the Debate About a Limited Form of Legal Personality • Amedeo Santosuosso Part IV. Posters Towards a Framework for Human-Robot Co-Creation • Alla Gubenko and Claude Houssemand Tamagotchi on Our Couch: Are Social Robots Perceived as Pets?• Katharina Kühne, Melinda A. Jeglinski-Mende and Oliver Bendel Problem: Shortage of Pastors—Solution: Religious Robots? • Max Tretter Art Installation “Mirror, Mirror” Featuring Deepfake and Neural Style Transfer Technologies • Anastasia Vanden Berghe, Fatima Zahra Fathi and Sana Nouzri How to Write About Gender in Social Robotics • Paula Ziethmann and Peter Remmers Subject Index Author Index Social institutions emerge from social practices which coordinate activities by the explicit statement of rules, goals, and values. When artificial social actors are introduced into the physical and symbolic space of institutions, will this affect or transform institutional structures and practices, and how can social robotics as an interdisciplinary endeavor contribute to the ability of our institutions to perform their functions in society? This book presents the proceedings of Robophilosophy 2022, the 5th in the biennial Robophilosophy conference series, held in Helsinki, Finland, from 16 to 19 August 2022. The theme of this edition of the conference was Social Robots in Social Institutions, and it featured international multidisciplinary research from the humanities and social sciences concerning social robotics. The 63 papers, 41 workshop papers and 5 posters included in this book are divided into 4 sections: plenaries, sessions, workshops and posters, with the 41 papers in the ‘Sessions'section grouped into 13 subdivisions including elderly care, healthcare, law, education and art, as well as ethics and religion. These papers explore the anticipated conceptual and practical changes which will come about from the introduction of social robotics into public and private institutions, such as public services, legal systems, social and healthcare services or educational institutions. Offering an exploration of the societal significance of social robots for the future of social institutions, the book will be of interest to both researchers in robotics and to those working in social institutions and enterprises.