Social Laser : Application of Quantum Information and Field Theories to Modeling of Social Processes

The recent years have been characterized by stormy social protests throughout the world. These protests have some commonalities, but at the same time, their sociopolitical, psychological, and economic contexts differ essentially. An important class of such protests is known as color revolutions. The analysis of these events in social and political literature is characterized by huge diversity of opinions. We remark that the sociopolitical perturbations under consideration are characterized by the cascade dynamics leading to the exponential amplification of coherent social actions. In quantum physics, such exponential and coherent amplification is the basic feature of laser’s functioning. (“Laser” is acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). In this book we explore the theory of laser to model aforementioned waves of social protests, from color revolutions to Brexit and Trump’s election. We call such social processes Stimulated Amplification of Social Actions (SASA), but to keep closer to the analogy with physics we merely operate with the term “social laser.” Front Cover Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1: Interplay of Psychology and Physics: Historical Overview 1.2: Quantum Brain 1.3: Quantum-Like Modeling of Cognition and Decision Making 1.3.1: From Probabilistic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics to Quantum-Like Modeling 1.3.2: Quantum-Like Models Outside Physics 1.4: Operational Formalism: Creation and Annihilation Operators 1.5: Social Laser as a Fruit of the Quantum Information Revolution 1.6: Bose–Einstein Statistics of Information Excitations 1.7: Powerful Information Flows as the Basic Condition of Social Laser Functioning 1.8: Resonators of Physical and Social Lasers Chapter 2: Social Laser Model for Stimulated Amplification of Social Actions 2.1: What Can Be Expected from the Social Laser Model? 2.2: Color Revolutions 2.3: Democratic Social Protests 2.4: Social Energy Pumping 2.5: Quick Relaxation 2.6: Echo Chambers 2.7: Conflating Opposition Protests with Warfare Chapter 3: Basics of Physical Lasing 3.1: Laser: History of Invention 3.2: Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission 3.3: Population Inversion Chapter 4: Basics of Social Lasing 4.1: Social Energy 4.1.1: Energy of Social Atoms 4.1.2: Energy of the Quantum Information Field 4.2: Quantum Field Representation of the Information Flow Generated by Mass Media 4.3: Coloring Information Excitations 4.4: From Rough-Coloring to Indistinguishability 4.5: The Role of Emotions in Transition to the Indistinguishability Mode: Illustration by Military and Revolutionary Propaganda 4.6: Hidden Variables: Genuine Quantum versus Quantum-Like Models 4.7: Coloring Role: Pumping versus Emission 4.8: Comparing Stimulated Emission in Quantum Physics and the Bandwagon Effect in Psychology and Social Science 4.9: Social Lasing Schematically Chapter 5: Information Thermodynamics 5.1: Thermodynamics from Combinatorics of State Distribution 5.2: Thermodynamics of Distinguishable Systems 5.3: Thermodynamics of Indistinguishable Systems 5.3.1: Social Temperature 5.3.2: Possible Statistics Chapter 6: Thermodynamical Approach to Modeling Population Inversion for Social Laser 6.1: Einstein Coefficients and Balance Equation for Human Gain Medium Interacting with Information Field 6.2: Balance Equation for Steady State and Population Inversion 6.3: Information Laser: The Four-Level Model 6.3.1: Radiative versus Nonradiative Emission for Physical Atoms 6.3.2: Mental Analogues of Radiative and Nonradiative Emissions 6.3.3: Balance Equation for Steady State and Population Inversion 6.4: Concluding Remark Chapter 7: Laser Resonator 7.1: Resonators of Physical Lasers 7.1.1: Spontaneous Initiation of Physical Lasing 7.1.2: Stimulated Initiation of Physical Lasing 7.2: Resonators of Social Lasers 7.2.1: Structure and Functioning of the Social Resonator 7.2.1.1: Output beam from the echo chamber 7.2.1.2: On a spatial picture of quantum physical processes 7.2.2: Stimulated Initiation of Social Lasing 7.2.3: Spontaneous Initiation of Social Lasing and Elimination of "Wrongly Colored'' Information Excitations 7.2.4: Energy Spectrum of the Output Beam: Physical versus Social Lasing 7.3: Dynamics of the Quantum Information Field in the Social Laser Resonator 7.3.1: Creation–Annihilation Algebras for s-Atoms and Quantum Information Field 7.3.2: Dynamics of the Compound System s-Atom Field 7.3.3: Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad Equation for the State of the Quantum Information Field 7.3.4: Social Interpretation of Assumptions for Derivation of Quantum Master Equation 7.3.5: Probabilistic Consequences of the Quantum Markov Dynamics 7.4: Concluding Remarks Chapter 8: Correspondence between Notions and Parameters of the Theories of Physical and Social Lasers 8.1: Laser as a Quantum System 8.1.1: Bosonic and Fermionic Creation and Annihilation Operators in Laser Modeling 8.1.2: Semiclassical Modeling of the Dynamics of the Laser Photon Field 8.1.3: Characterization of the Coherence Properties of a Laser Beam with the Aid of Correlation Functions of the First and Second Order 8.1.4: Phase Noise 8.2: Laser as a Resonant Amplifier and a Generator: The Role of Positive Feedback 8.2.1: Cavity Quality Factor 8.2.2: Dynamics of Laser Beam Intensity 8.2.3: Laser Oscillation Conditions 8.2.4: Spontaneous Emission, Coherence, and Linewidth 8.3: Correspondence between Structures and Parameters of Physical Laser and Information (Social) Laser 8.3.1: Specification of the Basic Parameters of Physical Laser 8.3.2: General Correspondence between Information and Physical Laser 8.4: Laser Characteristics: Heuristic Pictures 8.4.1: Resonators 8.4.2: The Role of the Lasing Threshold Chapter 9: Freudian Approach to Psychic Energy 9.1: On the Notion of Representation According to Freud 9.1.1: The Three Levels or Orders of a Representation: Introduction 9.1.2: On the First Representation Level or Order 9.1.3: On the Second and Third Representation Level or Order Chapter 10: Introduction to Quantum Theory 10.1: Classical Probability Theory: Kolmogorov's Measure-Theoretic Axiomatics 10.2: Mathematical Structure of Quantum Theory 10.2.1: Complex Hilbert Space 10.2.2: Linear Operators 10.2.3: Representation of (Pure) States by Normalized Vectors 10.2.4: Representation of Mixed States by Density Operators 10.2.5: Hilbert Space of Square Integrable Functions 10.3: Postulates of Quantum Mechanics 10.3.1: Projection Postulate, von Neumann versus Lüders 10.4: Operator Quantization: From Functions on Classical Phase Space to Hermitian Operators 10.5: Two Basic Interpretations of a Quantum State 10.6: Conditional Probability in Quantum Formalism 10.7: Conditional Probability for Observables with a Nondegenerate Spectrum 10.7.1: Independence of the Initial State 10.7.2: Matrix of Transition Probabilities: Symmetric 10.7.3: Matrix of Transition Probabilities: Double Stochasticity 10.8: Interference of Probabilities for Incompatible Observables 10.9: Logic of Quantum Propositions 10.10: Tensor Product of Hilbert Spaces and Linear Operators 10.11: Ket and Bra Vectors: Dirac's Symbolism 10.12: Quantum Bit: Using State Superposition for Information Encoding 10.13: Entanglement of Pure and Mixed Quantum States 10.14: Two-Slit Experiment and Violation of the Classical Law of Total Probability 10.14.1: On the Possibility of Classical Probabilistic Description of Quantum Experiments 10.14.2: Interference of Wave Functions Chapter 11: QBism: Subjective Probabilistic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics 11.1: QBism in Växjö 11.2: Quantum Theory as Subjective Probability Machinery 11.3: SIC-POVMs 11.4: Comparing QBism and the Växjö Interpretation 11.5: QBism Agents: Who Are You? 11.6: QBism versus Copenhagen 11.7: QBism versus the Information Interpretation of Zeilinger and Brukner 11.8: Interpretations of Classical Probability Theory 11.8.1: Kolmogorov's Interpretation of Probability 11.8.2: Subjective Interpretation of Probability 11.8.2.1: Subjective interpretation and mathematical representation of probabilities by measures 11.8.2.2: Subjective probability as the basis of classical physics? 11.9: QBism's Role in the Justification of Applications of Quantum Theory Outside of Physics Chapter 12: Decision Making: Quantum-Like Model of Lottery Selection 12.1: Lottery Selection: Why Quantum Probability? 12.2: Classical versus Quantum (Subjective) Expected Utility 12.3: Quantum Formalization of Selection of Lotteries 12.3.1: Conventional Approach Based on Classical Probability 12.3.2: Belief-State Space 12.3.3: Transition Probabilities 12.4: Dynamical Origin of Phases 12.5: Belief State of a Decision Maker 12.6: Operator Representation of the Process of Comparison of Lotteries 12.7: Analysis of Operator-Based Comparison of Lotteries 12.8: Lotteries with Two Outcomes: Uniform Probability Distribution 12.9: Lotteries with Two Outcomes: General Case 12.10: Mathematical Calculations 12.11: Concluding Remarks References Index