Social change and health in Sweden : 250 years of politics and practice

Back cover......Page 0 Title page......Page 1 Imprint page......Page 2 Table of contents......Page 3 List of tables and figures......Page 6 Glossary......Page 7 Preface......Page 10 Foreword......Page 13 1. Introduction......Page 17 Outline......Page 18 250 years of public health......Page 20 Health transition after 1750......Page 21 Aims, concepts and perspectives......Page 26 Reference list......Page 38 2. Pre-Enlightenment: Life and death in God’s hand......Page 42 State, church and people......Page 43 War......Page 46 The Black Death......Page 47 Summary: Public health before the Enlightenment......Page 51 Reference list......Page 52 3. Mercantilism, the Enlightenment and the birth of epidemiology......Page 54 Introduction......Page 55 Mortality according to the statistics......Page 58 Men and women......Page 60 Town and country......Page 62 Science, learned societies and enlightened priests......Page 64 Popular advice from Sweden’s first paediatrician......Page 67 The enemies according to an enlightened provincial doctor......Page 70 Local administration, literacy and church discipline......Page 73 Summary: The public health legacy of the Age of Enlightenment......Page 76 Reference list......Page 77 4. Society in transition: Population growth, proletarianisation and increased life expectancy (c. 1800–1870)......Page 80 A society in transition......Page 81 Epidemiological trends......Page 82 Children and adults......Page 83 Men and women......Page 84 Regional and social differences......Page 87 Material deprivation and mortality......Page 89 Health administration, provincial doctors and midwives......Page 91 Public health and local administration......Page 93 Smallpox vaccination......Page 95 Breastfeeding, infant care and cleanliness......Page 99 Pre-industrial urban areas and hygiene......Page 101 Cholera – the last large-scale epidemic......Page 102 Strong liquor – a point of order and a health risk......Page 103 Social control and stigmatisation: Supervision of prostitutes......Page 105 Summary: The first phase of the epidemiological revolution – synergetic causes......Page 107 Reference list......Page 110 5. Industrialisation and hygienism (c. 1870–1920)......Page 114 Introduction......Page 115 Epidemiological trends......Page 117 Men and women......Page 121 Regional and social differences in mortality......Page 124 The growth of medical knowledge and medical institutions......Page 125 A national statistics agency, Statistics Sweden......Page 127 Industrialisation, ideologies and the welfare state......Page 128 Occupational health......Page 130 Healthcare administration as a local issue......Page 132 Urban hygienism......Page 133 Urban water – two local examples......Page 136 Alcohol legislation and the orderly worker......Page 138 Philanthropy – humanitarian aid and social control......Page 140 Philanthropy and public institutions – corporative cooperation......Page 141 Popular movements – social and political grassroots in a new society......Page 143 Summary: Hygienism, economic growth and social stabilisation......Page 145 Reference list......Page 146 6. Between two wars: Towards the Swedish welfare state (1920–1945)......Page 150 Introduction......Page 151 The epidemiological regime......Page 152 Social and regional differences......Page 153 The institutionalisation of maternal and child healthcare......Page 154 District nurses in the line of public health duty......Page 155 The fight against tuberculosis......Page 156 The Bratt system – solidarity among decent folk......Page 158 Solving societal problems with the help of “social medicine”......Page 159 Social utopia: Scientific faith and paternalism......Page 161 From urban to rural health risks: “Dirty Sweden” goes rural......Page 162 The birth of the welfare state......Page 167 Summary: Increased life expectancy, welfare and social hygiene......Page 171 Reference list......Page 172 7. Harvest time for welfare policy and medical progress (1945–2006)......Page 175 Epidemiological trends......Page 176 Men and women......Page 180 Social differences in health......Page 184 Regional differences in mortality......Page 186 Harvest time for the welfare state......Page 188 Urbanisation, housing crisis and the “million-homes” programme......Page 190 Biomedical progress......Page 191 The health service in economic crisis......Page 193 Occupational and environmental health risks......Page 194 Swedish Public Health Institute......Page 195 Epidemiology, risk factors and health......Page 196 Restructuring the economy, social stress and health......Page 197 Care of the body, the perfect body ideal and health as market commodities......Page 198 Swedish public health in a global individualistic world......Page 201 A comprehensive Swedish public health policy......Page 203 Health – a field of compromise......Page 205 Summary: Harvest time for welfare policy......Page 206 Reference list......Page 207 8. Conclusions – lessons from the past......Page 211 Social determinants and health – a Swedish example......Page 212 Health and the response of society......Page 220 Health and social change......Page 225 Sweden and its European neighbours – converging systems......Page 228 Swedish history and the world today......Page 231 Health and lessons from history......Page 236 Reference list......Page 244 Appendix......Page 248