فناوری‌های هوشمند برای کشاورزی پایدار کشاورزان کوچک: مقیاس‌پذیری در کشورهای در حال توسعه

Smart Technologies for Sustainable Smallholder Agriculture: Upscaling in Developing Countries defines integrated climate smart agricultural technologies (ICSAT) as a suite of interconnected techniques and practices that enhance quantity and quality of agricultural products with minimum impact on the environment. These ICSAT are centered on three main pillars, increased production and income, adaptation and resilience to climate change, and minimizing GHG emissions. This book brings together technologies contributing to the three pillars, explains the context in which they can be scaled up, and identifies research and development gaps as areas requiring further investigation. It stresses the urgency in critically analyzing and recommending ICSAT and scaling out the efforts of both developing and disseminating these in an integrated manner. The book discusses, synthesizes, and offers alternative solutions to agriculture production systems and socio-economic development. It brings together biophysical and socioeconomic disciplines in evaluating suitable ICSAT in an effort to help reduce poverty and food insecurity. Read more... Abstract: Smart Technologies for Sustainable Smallholder Agriculture: Upscaling in Developing Countries defines integrated climate smart agricultural technologies (ICSAT) as a suite of interconnected techniques and practices that enhance quantity and quality of agricultural products with minimum impact on the environment. These ICSAT are centered on three main pillars, increased production and income, adaptation and resilience to climate change, and minimizing GHG emissions. This book brings together technologies contributing to the three pillars, explains the context in which they can be scaled up, and identifies research and development gaps as areas requiring further investigation. It stresses the urgency in critically analyzing and recommending ICSAT and scaling out the efforts of both developing and disseminating these in an integrated manner. The book discusses, synthesizes, and offers alternative solutions to agriculture production systems and socio-economic development. It brings together biophysical and socioeconomic disciplines in evaluating suitable ICSAT in an effort to help reduce poverty and food insecurity Content: Front Cover SMART TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE SMART TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE: Upscaling in Developing Countries Copyright CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS FOREWORD PREFACE INTRODUCTION 1 -- Smart Agriculture: Scope, Relevance, and Important Milestones to Date 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 SCOPING CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES 1.2.1 Southern Africa Biophysical Characteristics 1.2.2 Socioeconomic and Political Environment 1.2.3 Recent Extreme Events Recorded in Southern Africa 1.2.4 Supportive Initiatives in Agriculture Development in the Last 10Years1.3 BUILDING IN SUSTAINABILITY WITHIN CLIMATE SMART TECHNOLOGIES 1.4 RELEVANCE OF SMART TECHNOLOGIES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA 1.5 THE ECONOMICS OF APPLYING SMART TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE 1.6 INVESTING INTO TARGETED TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FUTURE 1.7 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 2 -- Climate Scenarios in Relation to Agricultural Patterns of Major Crops in Southern Africa 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 SOUTHERN AFRICA IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND HISTORICAL CHANGES 2.2.1 Rainfall 2.2.2 Temperature 2.3 CLIMATE CHANGE TRENDS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA2.3.1 Long-Term Observations 2.3.2 Temperature 2.3.3 Rainfall 2.4 FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS OVER SOUTHERN AFRICA 2.5 DETERMINING FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS 2.5.1 Rainfall 2.5.2 Temperature 2.6 PROJECTED CHANGES IN EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS OVER SOUTHERN AFRICA 2.7 IMPACTS OF FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS ON CROPS AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY 2.7.1 Crop Production 2.7.2 Livestock Production 2.8 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 3 -- Advancing Key Technical Interventions Through Targeted Investment 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 CLIMATE CHANGE, INTEGRATED SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT, AND CROP PRODUCTION3.3 ENHANCING RESOURCE UTILIZATION TO EXPLOIT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITIES 3.3.1 Nutrient Stocks and Imbalances 3.3.2 Targeting Multiple Nutrient Sources 3.3.3 Manure: a Source of Emissions and Crop Nutrients 3.3.4 Nutrient Recycling Using Crop Residues 3.3.5 Nitrogen Fixation on Smallholder Farms 3.3.6 Multipurpose Legumes for Food and Soil Fertility 3.3.7 Opportunities for Green Manures Use 3.3.8 Agroforestry Systems Enhance Soil Fertility 3.3.9 Managed Weedy Fallows and Soil Rehabilitation 3.3.10 Azolla Contribute to Soil Fertility3.3.11 Fertilizer Use on Small Farms 3.3.12 Solving Multiple Nutrient Deficiencies on Smallholder Farms 3.3.13 Soil Organic Matter Management for Reduced Emissions 3.3.14 Opportunities for Phosphate Rock Utilization 3.3.15 Application of Lime for pH Amelioration 3.4 THE ECONOMICS OF MAINTAINING THE DRIVERS OF ISFM'S LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS 3.4.1 Are Nutrient Management Practices Profitable? 3.5 RESEARCH GAPS 3.6 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES FURTHER READING 4 -- Exploring Climatic Resilience Through Genetic Improvement for Food and Income Crops

Smart Technologies for Sustainable Smallholder Agriculture: Upscaling in Developing Countries defines integrated climate smart agricultural technologies (ICSAT) as a suite of interconnected techniques and practices that enhance quantity and quality of agricultural products with minimum impact on the environment. These ICSAT are centered on three main pillars, increased production and income, adaptation and resilience to climate change, and minimizing GHG emissions.

This book brings together technologies contributing to the three pillars, explains the context in which they can be scaled up, and identifies research and development gaps as areas requiring further investigation. It stresses the urgency in critically analyzing and recommending ICSAT and scaling out the efforts of both developing and disseminating these in an integrated manner.

The book discusses, synthesizes, and offers alternative solutions to agriculture production systems and socio-economic development. It brings together biophysical and socioeconomic disciplines in evaluating suitable ICSAT in an effort to help reduce poverty and food insecurity.

• Highlights the research gaps and opportunities on climate smart agricultural technologies and institutional arrangements
• Provides information on institutional engagements that are inclusive of value chain actors that support partnerships and the development of interactive platforms
• Elaborates some of the effects of climate extremes on production and socioeconomic development on small farms whose impact has potentially large impact