Smart Technologies for Sustainable and Resilient Ecosystems: 3rd EAI International Conference, Edge-IoT 2022, and 4th EAI International Conference, ... and Telecommunications Engineering, 510)

This book constitutes the jointly proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Edge Processing in the IoT Era, Edge-IoT 2022, and the 4th International Conference on Smart Governance for Sustainable Smart Cities, SmartGov 2022. Both conferences were held online due to COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022, held as virtual events, in November 16-18, 2022. The 12 full papers were selected from 31 submissions. SmartGov 2022 was to promote the development of secure and sustainable smart cities with smart governance, while the theme of Edge-IoT 2022 was to address the decentralization of contemporary processing paradigms, notably Edge processing, focusing on the increasing demand for intelligent processing at the edge of the network, which is paving the way to the Intelligent IoT Era”. Both the EAI SmartGov 2022 and EAI Edge-IoT 2022 conferences were co-located with EAI SmartCity360 international convention. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Edge-IoT Applications; IoT Architectures, Forecasting and Adversarial Training; Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for smart governance; and Smart Transportation. Preface 6 EAI Edge-IoT 2022 Conference Organization 8 Contents 12 Edge-IoT Applications 14 A Cost-Effective Thermal Imaging Safety Sensor for Industry 5.0 and Collaborative Robotics 15 1 Introduction 15 2 Related Works 16 3 Design and Implementation of the Proposed System 17 3.1 Experimental Testbed 19 3.2 Hybrid Detection Approach 19 4 Results 22 5 Conclusion and Future Work 25 References 26 Edge Computing with Low-Cost Cameras for Object Detection in Smart Farming 28 1 Introduction 28 2 Smart Farming: Pest Detection 29 3 Data Architectures and Lower-Resolution Images 30 3.1 Data Processing 30 3.2 Lower-Resolution Images (Image Compression) 32 4 Object Detection Models 33 4.1 You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) 33 5 Proposed Approach and Experimental Design 34 5.1 Dataset 35 5.2 Model and Evaluation Metrics 35 5.3 Hardware 36 5.4 Image Compression 36 6 Experimental Results 37 7 Conclusions and Future Work 38 References 39 Evaluating Maximum Operating Distance in COTS RFID TAGS for Smart Manufacturing 41 1 Introduction 41 2 Materials and Methods 42 2.1 COTS RFID Tags Description 43 2.2 Experimental Procedure 45 3 Results and Discussion 46 4 Conclusion and Future Work 49 References 50 IoT Architectures, Forecasting and Adversarial Training 52 Philippine Stock Direction Forecasting Utilizing Technical, Fundamental, and News Sentiment Data 53 1 Introduction 53 2 Related Work 54 2.1 Traditional Approaches to Stock Forecasting 54 2.2 Previous Machine/Deep Learning Techniques and Models in Stock Forecasting 55 3 Methodology 56 3.1 Overview 56 3.2 Sentiment Model 57 3.3 Data Processing 57 3.4 Direction Forecasting Model 58 4 Results and Analysis 60 4.1 Sentiment Model 60 4.2 Direction Forecasting Models Using Various Indicators 62 4.3 Tuned Direction Forecasting Models 63 4.4 Performance Comparison with Previous Models 64 4.5 User Application and Functionality 66 5 Conclusion 66 6 Recommendations for Future Work 67 References 68 IoT Architectures for Indoor Radon Management: A Prospective Analysis 69 1 Introduction 69 2 Related Works 70 3 Traditional IoT Architectures for Radon Management 74 3.1 Structural Uncertainties 74 3.2 Unpredictable Uncertainties 75 4 Novel Approaches and Future Directions 77 4.1 Edge Computing Architectures 77 4.2 Mist Computing and Decentralized Architectures 78 4.3 Desired Features for Next-Generation Radon Gas Monitoring Systems 80 5 Conclusions 81 References 82 Adversarial Training for Better Robustness 85 1 Introduction 85 2 Background 86 2.1 Adversarial Attack 86 2.2 Adversarial Training 87 2.3 Adversarial Robustness 88 3 Progress in Adversarial Training 88 3.1 Whole MAX 89 3.2 Mid MAX 89 3.3 Whole MIN 90 3.4 Mid MIN 90 4 Limitations for Adversarial Training 91 4.1 Catastrophic Overfitting 91 4.2 Trade-Off Between Robust and Standard Accuracy 92 5 Conclusion 92 References 93 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Smart Governance 95 Integrating Computer Vision and Crowd Sourcing to Infer Drug Use on Streets: A Case Study with 311 Data in San Francisco 96 1 Introduction 96 2 Related Work 97 3 Data Collection 99 4 Descriptive Analysis 99 4.1 SF311 Requests by Month 100 4.2 SF311 Requests by Location 100 5 Methodology 102 5.1 Classes for Drug Usage Detection 103 5.2 Image Labeling 103 5.3 Fine-Tuning Deep Neural Network Architectures 103 6 Results 106 6.1 Evaluation Metrics 106 6.2 Training Loss 107 6.3 mAP on Validation and Test Dataset for All AI Models 107 7 Conclusion 109 References 109 Machine Learning Approach to Crisis Management Exercise Analysis: A Case Study in SURE Project 111 1 Introduction 111 2 SURE Project 113 2.1 SURE in General 113 2.2 Insta's Technologies 114 2.3 Crisis Management Exercise in SURE 114 3 Technical Description 115 3.1 Questionnaire Design 115 3.2 Dataset and Preprocessing 115 3.3 Methods and Test Set-Up 117 3.4 Performance Measures 118 4 Results 118 5 Conclusions 123 References 124 Quantitative Evaluation of Saudi E-government Websites Using a Web Structure Mining Methodology 126 1 Introduction 126 2 Related Work 127 2.1 E-government in Saudi Arabia 127 2.2 Internal Website Structures 128 3 Graph Representations of Internal Website Structures 128 4 Research Methodology 129 5 Assessment of Saudi E-government Websites 130 5.1 Link Data Collection 130 5.2 Link Data Familiarization 130 5.3 Link Data Cleansing 131 5.4 Web Network Analysis and Mining 132 6 Evaluation and Discussion 135 7 Conclusions 136 References 136 Extracting Digital Biomarkers for Unobtrusive Stress State Screening from Multimodal Wearable Data 139 1 Introduction 139 2 Related Works 141 3 Methodology 143 3.1 Dataset 143 3.2 Ground Truth 143 3.3 Dataset Construction 143 3.4 Details of the Stress Classes 145 3.5 Data Preprocessing 146 3.6 Classifier and Validation 147 4 Results 147 4.1 Results on Without Personality Dataset 147 4.2 With Personality Dataset Results 152 4.3 Discussion and Comparison 156 5 Conclusion and Future Work 158 References 158 Smart Transportation 161 Continuous Measurement of Air Pollutant Concentrations in a Roadway Tunnel in Southern Italy 162 1 Introduction 162 2 Measurement System 164 2.1 MONICA 165 2.2 Roadway Tunnel Measuring Station 166 2.3 Remote Backend 167 3 Deployments 167 4 Results 168 5 Conclusions 171 References 171 Rating Urban Transport Services Quality Using a Sentiment Analysis Approach 173 1 Introduction 173 2 Related Work 175 3 The Sentiment Analysis System 177 3.1 The Application Case 177 3.2 The Sentiment Analysis Approach 177 3.3 Result Analysis 178 4 Conclusions and Future Work 180 References 181 Author Index 183