Smart Technologies for Power and Green Energy: Proceedings of STPGE 2022 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems Book 443)

The book is a collection of best selected research papers presented at International Conference on Smart Technology for Power and Green Energy (STPGE 2022), organized by School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India, during February 12 – 13, 2022. The book discusses recent developments and contemporary research in power electronics and energy. Preface Contents Editors and Contributors Non-traditional Algorithms for Offshore Engineering Systems 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model of BLDC Motors 3 PID Control Algorithm 4 Non-traditional Optimization Techniques 4.1 GA—Genetic Algorithm 4.2 Ant Colony Optimization 5 Results and Discussions 6 Closure References A Critical Analysis of Control Approach for DSTATCOM 1 Introduction 2 Power System Distribution Network 3 Comparative Analysis of Adaptive Control of DSTATCOM Through MVC and APSA 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Matrix Magic Shifting to Extract Maximum Power Under Partial Shading Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Modelling of Sudoku and Optimal Sudoku Static PV Array Reconfiguration Techniques 2.1 Basic Sudoku Reconfiguration Technique 3 Partial Shading Conditions and Shade Dispersion for Proposed Methods 3.1 PSC 1(Horizontal) 3.2 PSC 2 (Vertical) 3.3 PSC 3 (L shape) 3.4 PSC 4 (Bottom Corner) 3.5 PSC 5 (Center) 3.6 PSC 6 (Random) 4 Result Discussion 4.1 PV-IV Curve Profile 4.2 Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) 4.3 % Mismatch Power Loss (% MPL) 4.4 Fill Factor (FF) 4.5 % Efficiency ( % ) 5 Conclusion References Simulation Result Analysis of a Proposed Cross Connected Switch Capacitor Multi Level Inverter Topology 1 Introduction 2 Working Principle 2.1 Modes of Operation 2.2 Modulation Technique (Half-Height) 3 Simulation Result Analysis 4 Conclusion References Smart Grid Communication and Information Technologies: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Description of Smart Grid 2.1 Description of System Architecture 3 Communication Infrastructures 4 Standards 5 Future Research Scope 5.1 Software-Defined Networking 5.2 6G of Cellular Mobile Networks 5.3 Cognitive Radio 5.4 Big Data 5.5 Cloud Computing 5.6 Edge and Fog 5.7 Blockchain 6 Conclusion References A Framework for Glaucoma Diagnosis Prediction Using Retinal Thickness Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology 3.1 Glaucoma Detection Using CDR 3.2 Preprocessing 3.3 Image Enhancement 4 Feature Extraction 5 Proposed Methodology 5.1 Overview of Proposed Algorithm 5.2 Classification Metrics 6 Experimental Results and Discussion 6.1 Result of Implementation of K-NN Algorithm Program on Eye Disease Glaucoma Data Set 6.2 Result of Implementation of SVM Algorithm Program on Eye Disease Glaucoma Data Set 6.3 Result of Implementation of Random Forest Algorithm Program on Eye Disease Glaucoma Data Set 6.4 Comparative Discussion with Proposed Algorithm 6.5 Comparison of Proposed Algorithm with Existing Algorithms 7 Conclusion References Contingency Analysis: A Tool to Improve Power System Security 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Contingency 3.1 Single Outage Contingency (N-1) 3.2 N-K Contingency 3.3 Contingency Creation 4 Performance Indices 4.1 Real Power Performance Index (PIp) 4.2 Voltage Performance Index (PIv) 4.3 Reactive Power Performance Index (PIq) 5 Algorithm for Contingency Analysis 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion References LFC of a Deregulated Power System Using Opposition Based Novel Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm Based Fraction Order Cascade Controller 1 Introduction 2 Proposed System 3 Restructuring of AGC Mechanism 4 The Proposed Controller 5 Optimization 5.1 Opposition Based Learning (OBL) 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion References Study of Renewable Energy Resources Distribution and Its Challenges in Case of Ethiopia 1 Introduction 2 Renewable Energy Potential in Ethiopia 2.1 Hydro Power Energy 2.2 Wind Energy 2.3 Solar Energy 2.4 Geothermal Energy 2.5 Biomass Energy 3 Accessibility of Renewable Energy Ethiopia 4 The Challenges of RE Generation in Ethiopia 5 Conclusion References Shunt Active Power Filter Integrated Hybrid Energy System for Harmonics Mitigation Under Different Load Perturbation 1 Introduction 2 Hybrid Energy System Model 2.1 Modelling of SPV 2.2 Modelling of WES 3 Design of SAPF 3.1 Components of SAPF 3.2 SAPF Control Schemes 4 Result analysis 4.1 Analysis Under Scenario 1 4.2 Performance Evaluation Under Scenario 2 5 Conclusion References A Fault Discrimination Scheme for Transmission Systems Using Positive Sequence Complex Power 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Algorithm 2.1 Detection of Internal Fault 2.2 Detection of External Fault 3 Result 3.1 Selection of Threshold 3.2 Internal and External Fault Detection 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Impedance Matching of Photovoltaic System Using DC-DC Converter 1 Introduction 2 Preliminary of Photovoltaic System 3 Impedance Matching of PV Panel 3.1 Impedance Matching Without Converter 3.2 Impedance Matching with Converter 4 Conclusion References PQ Analysis of T-VSI and ICT-VSI with Their Impacts on 3-P 3-W Utility System 1 Introduction 2 Circuit Configuration 3 Control Algorithm 4 MATLAB Results 4.1 Simulation Results of T-VSI-Based DSTATCOM 4.2 Simulation Results of ICT-VSI-Based DSTATCOM 5 Conclusion Appendix A References Dual Image-Based High Quality Digital Image Watermarking 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Technique 3.1 Embedding Stage 3.2 Extraction Stage 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Role of Controller Zeroes in Stabilizing an Unstable System 1 Introduction 2 PID Controller Tuning 2.1 Parameters of a Controller 2.2 Tuning Techniques 3 Unstable Maglev System 3.1 Hardware Setup 3.2 Transfer Function 4 Zeigler–Nichols Method 4.1 Calculation of Parameters of the Controller 4.2 Response by Z-N Tuning 5 Pole Placement Technique 5.1 Calculation of Parameters of the Controller 5.2 Response by PP Tuning 6 Root Locus Analysis 6.1 Root Locus of the Open-Loop Maglev System 6.2 Change in Root Locus Due to Z-N Method 6.3 Change in Root Locus Due to PP Technique 7 Conclusion References Intelligent Optimization Techniques for Controlling Load Frequency of Interconnected Multiple Source Power Systems Including Renewable Energy Sources 1 Introduction 2 The Proposed Power System and the PID Controller 3 Objective Function for Controlling Load Frequency 4 Intelligent Optimization Techniques 4.1 Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA 4.2 Firefly Algorithm (FA) 5 Discussion of the Finding Results 6 Conclusions Appendix A References Random Forest Regression-Based Fault Location Scheme for Transmission Lines 1 Introduction 2 Design of Fault Location Estimation Method 2.1 Power System Network 2.2 Feature Extraction Using Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator 2.3 Design of Random Forest Regression 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 High Impedance Fault Detection 3.2 Low Impedance Fault Detection 3.3 Overall Performance of the System 4 Conclusion References Islanding Detection in Distributed Generation System Using MLPNN and ELPID Methods 1 Introduction 2 Modeling of the Problem 2.1 Proposed Algorithm 2.2 Mathematical Model 3 Experimental Exploration 3.1 Research Highlights 4 Conclusion References Simulation and Analysis of Medium-Voltage Low-Speed Cyclo-Converter Synchronous Motor Drive and Issues with on-Load Speed Trimming 1 Introduction 2 The Methodology of Operation 2.1 The Major System Component Specifications 3 MATLAB Simulink Modelling of a Complete Drive 3.1 Operation Philosophy 4 Results and Findings 4.1 Study of Parameters 4.2 Sub-Harmonics and Related Issues 5 Conclusions References Optimal Sudoku Static Reconfiguration Technique for Power Enhancement of PV Array Under Partial Shading Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Modelling of Sudoku and Optimal Sudoku Static PV Array Reconfiguration Techniques 2.1 Basic Sudoku Reconfiguration Technique 2.2 Proposed Optimal Sudoku Reconfiguration Technique 3 Partial Shading Conditions 4 Simulation Results and Discussion 4.1 Uniform Condition: 4.2 Under Type 1 Shading: Right Corner Bottom Side of 4 × 4 Sub-Array 4.3 Under Type 2 Shading: Bottom of Left Corner 4 × 4 Sub-Array 4.4 Under Type 3 Shading: Top Right Corner 4 × 4 Sub-Array 4.5 Under Type 4 Shading: Top Left Corner 4 × 4 Sub-Array 4.6 Under Type 5 Shading:4 × 4 Sub-Array at Center 4.7 Under Type 6 Shading: Two 3 × 3 Sub-Arrays 5 Conclusion Appendix References Power Enhancement of Total-Cross-Tied Configured PV Array During Dynamic Irradiance Change Using Metaheuristic Algorithm-Based MPPT Controllers 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Stand-Alone TCT-Configured PV System 2.1 Model of a Single-Diode PV Cell 2.2 Partial Shading Models on TCT-Configured PV Array 2.3 Importance of Boost Converter 3 Metaheuristic Algorithms-Based MPPT Techniques 3.1 Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) 3.2 Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) 3.3 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Analysis and Controlling of Distribution Transformer Parameter using AVR Microcontroller IoT System 1 Introduction 2 IoT Based Transformer 2.1 Analysis of IoT Based Prototype Transformer 2.2 Program Code 3 Hardware Implementation and Result 4 Conclusion 4.1 Future Scope References A Comparison of PSO, GA and FA-Based PID Controller for Load Frequency Control of Two-Area Hybrid Power System 1 Introduction 2 System Investigated 2.1 WTG Model 2.2 Solar PV System 2.3 Battery Energy Storage System 2.4 Diesel Engine Generatorn 2.5 SMES Model 3 PID Controller and Power System 4 Objective Function for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) 5 Different Optimization Techniques 5.1 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) 5.2 Genetic Algorithm 5.3 Firefly Algorithm 6 Result and Discussion 7 Conclusion References Enhancement of Power System Stability and Damping Oscillation in a Multi-Machine System Using SSSC 1 Introduction 2 Control Technique of SSSC 3 Damping Controller with SSSC 4 Simulation Results and Study Cases 4.1 Case 1. A Test System Without SSSC Under Normal Condition 4.2 Case 2. Test System with a Three-Phase Fault 4.3 Case 3. A Test System with SSSC 4.4 Case 4. A Test System with SSSC and POD 5 Conclusion References Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA)-Driven Optimal PID-FOI Controller for Load Frequency Control of Two-Area Multi-Source Power System 1 Introduction 2 Controllers for LFC 2.1 PID-FOI Controller 3 System Investigated 3.1 Objective Function for LFC 4 SSA Intelligent Optimization Technique 5 Result and Discussion 6 CONCLUSION 7. APPENDIX References Parameter Estimation of Photovoltaic Module Using Sine Cosine Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 PV Modelling 3 Problem Formulation 4 Sine Cosine Algorithm 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Attainment Calculation and Error Evaluation 6 Conclusion References Parametric Design and Analysis of Ferrite PMaSynRM for EV Application 1 Introduction 2 Theory and Background 3 Motor Topology 4 Stator Design for Ferrite PMASynRM 4.1 Rotor Topology 4.2 Design of Flux Barrier 4.3 Demagnetization Analysis 4.4 Stress Consideration at Peak Speed 5 FEM Analysis Results 5.1 Rated Speed Operation 5.2 Maximum Speed Operation 6 Conclusion References Comparative Analysis of Different Signal Processing Schemes for Islanding Detection in Microgrid 1 Introduction 2 Test System Configuration 3 Signal Processing-Based Islanding Detection Schemes 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Detection Time 4.2 Number of Statistical Parameters 4.3 Effectiveness of Selected Threshold 5 Conclusion References Gamma Band: A Bio-Marker to Detect Epileptic Seizures 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Dataset 4 Methodology 4.1 Time–Frequency Analysis of EEG Data 4.2 Extracting Features in Accordance with Time– Frequency Analysis 4.3 Classification Method to Detect Epileptical Seizures 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Experimental Validation and Performance Analysis of a DER-Supported DVSI-Based DSTATCOM in Three-Phase Three-Wire Distribution System 1 Introduction 2 Circuit Description and Power Flow Analysis 2.1 Power Flow Analysis 3 SLMS Control Strategy 4 Experimental Validation 4.1 Performance of VSI-Based DSTATCOM System Under PQ Analysis 4.2 Performance of DVSI-Based DSTATCOM System Under PQ Analysis 5 Conclusion References Hardware Testing of the Effect of MPPT on the Performance of Photovoltaic Panels 1 Introduction 2 Photovoltaic System 3 Load Matching 4 Boost Converter 5 Maximum Power Point Tracking 6 Simulation 7 Hardware Implementation 8 Results and Discussion 9 Conclusion References Demand-Side Load Management Using Grey Wolf Optimization 1 Introduction 1.1 Demand-Side Management (DSM) 1.2 Architecture and Components of DSM Frameworks 1.3 DSM Techniques 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Work 3.1 Dataset Utilized 3.2 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Performance Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Modeling and Tracking of Underground Cable Fault Using Genetic Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 System Studied 3 Genetic Algorithm 4 Results and Discussion 5 Analysis with Noisy Signal 6 Conclusion References Obstacle Avoidance for a Swarm of AUVs 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 3 Proposed Technique 4 Results Analysis 5 Conclusion References An Estimation-Based Sliding Mode Control Structure for High-Performance Control of Induction Motor 1 Introduction 2 Control Structures 2.1 Control of Induction Motor Using SMC 3 Result Analysis and Discussions 3.1 Results During Step Change in Speed 3.2 Results During Step Change in Torque 4 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of a Nine Switch Converter During Partial Disconnection in an Isolated Multi-Source Generation System 1 Introduction 2 System Description and Control Strategies 2.1 System Description 2.2 Control Algorithms 3 Result Analysis and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Sliding Mode Control-Oriented Electric Spring for SEIG-Based Micro-Grid 1 Introduction 2 System Description 2.1 Structure of Electric Spring 2.2 Control of Electric Spring 2.3 Sliding Mode Controller 3 Simulation and Result Analysis 4 Conclusion References Author Index