Smart Materials

Residual stress in thin films / A.G. Vedeshwar -- Intelligent synthesis of smart ceramic materials / Wojciech L. Suchanek and Richard E. Riman -- Functionally graded polymer blend / Yasuyuki Agari -- Structural application of smart materials / R. Sreekala and K. Muthumani -- Composite systems modeling-adaptive structures: modeling and applications and hybrid composites / Ferromagnetic shape memory alloy actuators / Yuanchang Liang and Minoru Taya -- Aircraft applications of smart structures / Johannes Schweiger -- Smart battery materials / Arumugam Manthiram -- Piezoelectric and electrostrictive ceramics transducers and actuators -- Chitosan-based gels and hydrogels -- Films, coatings, adhesives, polymers, and thermoelectric materials -- Cure and health monitoring / Tatsuro Kosaka -- Drug delivery systems -- Fiber optic systems: optical fiber sensor technology and windows -- Flip-chip underfill: materials, process, and reliability / Zhuqing Zhang and C.P. Wong -- Dielectric cure monitoring of polymers, composites, and coatings: synthesis, cure, fabrication, and aging / David Kranbuehl -- Magnetorheological fluids / J. David Carlson -- Intelligent processing of materials / J.A. Guemes and J.M. Menendez -- Magnets, magnetic, and magnetostrictive materials -- Shape-memory alloys and effects: types, functions, modeling, and applications -- Current developments in electrorheological materials / Frank E. Filisko -- Carbon microtubes and conical carbon nanotubes / Santoshrupa Dumpala ... [et al.] -- ''Smart'' corrosion protective coatings / Patrick J. Kinlen and Martin Kendig -- Smart polymers for biotechnology and elastomers -- Vibration Control for Smart Structures -- Active truss structures / B. de Marneffe and Andre Preumont -- Application of smart materials and smart structures to the study of aquatic animals / Jesse E. Purdy and Alison Roberts Cohan -- Molecular imprinting technology / David A. Spivak -- Biomedical sensing / Dora Klara Makai and Gabor Harsanyi -- Intelligent chemical indicators / Christopher O. Oriakhi -- Piezoelectric polymer PVDF microactuators / Yao Fu, Erol C. Harvey, and Muralidhar K. Ghantasala -- Ultrasonic nondestructive testing and materials characterization / John A. Brunk -- Lipid membranes on highly ordered porous alumina substrates / Andreas Janshoff and Claudia Steinem Smart Materials......Page 3 Contents......Page 7 Preface......Page 11 Editor......Page 15 Contributors......Page 17 Table of Contents......Page 0 1.2 Models and Theoretical Background......Page 21 1.3 Experimental Methods for the Measurement of Residual Stress......Page 22 1.4 Residual Stress-Dependent Optical Properties of Some Layered Structured Semiconductors......Page 24 References......Page 32 2.2.1 Process Definition......Page 35 2.2.2 Merits of Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ceramics......Page 36 2.3.1 Construction of a Thermodynamic Model......Page 38 2.3.2 Methodology for Generating Stability and Yield Diagrams......Page 40 2.4.1 Thermodynamic Variables......Page 41 References......Page 42 3.1 Introduction......Page 45 3.2.1 Diffusion–Dissolution Method......Page 46 3.2.2 Polymerization–Diffusion Method......Page 47 3.3.1 Amorphous Polymer/Amorphous Polymer Miscible Blend (Dissolution–Diffusion Method)......Page 49 3.3.2 Amorphous Polymer/Crystalline Polymer Miscible Blend (Dissolution–Diffusion Method)......Page 50 3.3.3 Amorphous Polymer/Amorphous Polymer Immiscible Blend (Dissolution–Diffusion Method)......Page 51 3.4.1.1 Tensile Properties......Page 52 3.4.1.3 Smart Performance (DMA Properties)......Page 53 3.4.2 Functional and Smart Performances of PEO/PLLA Graded Blend......Page 55 3.4.3 Functional and Smart Performances of PEO (or PEO/LiOCl4)/PBMA Graded Blend......Page 56 References......Page 57 4.2.1.1.1 Substitute for Steel?......Page 59 4.3.1 Active Control of Structures......Page 60 4.3.2 Passive Control of Structures......Page 61 4.3.5.2 SMA for Seismic Retrofit of Bridges......Page 62 4.3.7 Self-Stressing for Active Control......Page 63 4.3.10 Active Structural Control against Wind......Page 64 References......Page 65 5.1.1 Introduction......Page 67 5.1.1.1.3 Natural and Synthetic Fibers......Page 68 5.1.1.1.4 Miscellaneous Reinforcements......Page 69 5.1.1.2 Matrix Hybridized Composites......Page 70 5.1.1.4.2 Selective Reinforcement......Page 71 5.1.2 Future Directions......Page 72 5.2.1.1 Bending–Torsion Coupling Spars......Page 73 5.2.2.2 Active System......Page 74 5.2.3.2 Wing Design and Fabrication......Page 75 5.2.3.3 RPV: Flight Tests......Page 78 5.2.4 Concluding Remarks......Page 79 References......Page 82 6.1.1 Review of Shape Memory Alloy......Page 83 6.1.2 Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy......Page 84 6.1.3.1 Magnetic Field–Induced Phase Transformation......Page 86 6.1.3.3 SIM Phase Transformation by Magnetic Field Gradient......Page 87 6.2 FSMA-Based Actuator......Page 88 References......Page 92 7.1 Introduction......Page 95 7.2 Smart Structures for Flight in Nature......Page 97 7.5 Range of Active Structures and Materials Applications in Aeronautics......Page 98 7.6.2 Rigidity of Wing Structures......Page 99 7.6.4 Passive Materials for Aircraft Structures......Page 100 7.8.2 Aeroelastic Effects......Page 101 7.8.2.1 Static Aeroelasticity......Page 102 7.8.2.2 Dynamic Aeroelasticity......Page 103 7.9.2 Fictitious Control Surface Concepts......Page 104 7.9.6 Innovative Aerodynamic Control Surface Concepts......Page 105 7.9.7 Active Structures and Materials Concepts......Page 106 7.9.9 Adaptive All-Movable Aerodynamic Surfaces......Page 107 7.10 Quality of the Deformations......Page 108 7.11 Achievable Amount of Deformation and Effectiveness from Different Active Aeroelastic Concepts......Page 109 7.12 Need for the Analysis and Analytical Design Optimization of Active Structures Concepts......Page 110 7.13 Summary and Conclusions......Page 111 Appendix A: Future Directions......Page 112 A.7.3 Example for the Interaction of Structural, Aerodynamic, and Aeroelastic Constraints for Different Wing Tip Design Concepts......Page 113 References......Page 114 8.2 Electrochemical Concepts Involved in a Battery......Page 117 8.4 Lithium Ion Batteries......Page 118 8.4.1 Layered Oxide Cathodes......Page 120 8.4.2 Spinel Oxide Cathodes......Page 121 8.4.4 Carbon Anodes......Page 122 References......Page 123 9.1.2 Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Effects in Ceramic Materials......Page 125 9.1.3 Measurements of Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Effects......Page 128 9.1.4.2 Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Ceramics......Page 130 9.1.4.3 Processing of Piezoelectric Ceramics......Page 131 9.1.5 Piezoelectric Composites......Page 132 9.1.6 Applications of Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Ceramics......Page 133 References......Page 135 9.2.1.2 Piezoelectric Effect......Page 136 9.2.2.2 Piezoelectric Coefficients......Page 137 9.2.2.3 History of Piezoelectricity......Page 138 9.2.3.2.1 Barium Titanate......Page 139 9.2.3.2.3 Lead Titanate......Page 140 9.2.3.2.4 Relaxor Ferroelectrics......Page 141 9.2.3.5 Thin Films......Page 142 9.2.4.1 Pressure Sensor/Accelerometer/Gyroscope......Page 143 9.2.4.2 Ultrasonic Transducer......Page 144 9.2.4.4 Piezoelectric Transformer......Page 145 9.2.4.5 Saw Device......Page 146 9.2.4.6 Actuators......Page 147 9.2.4.7 USMs......Page 149 9.3.1 Introduction......Page 151 9.3.2 NCU Transducers......Page 152 9.3.4.2 T-R Pitch-Catch Same Side Reflection NCU......Page 154 9.3.5 Perusal of NCU......Page 159 References......Page 164 10.1.2.1 Hydrogen Bond Complexes......Page 165 10.1.2.2 PEC......Page 167 10.1.2.3 Grafted and Block Network......Page 168 10.1.2.4 Self-Assembly......Page 169 10.1.3.1 Controlled Release Matrixes......Page 170 10.1.3.2 Separation Membranes......Page 172 10.1.3.5 Field-Responsive Materials......Page 173 References......Page 174 10.2.2 Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives......Page 177 10.2.3 Hydrogels......Page 178 10.2.3.2 Physical Hydrogels......Page 179 10.2.4.2.1 Bone Repair......Page 180 References......Page 181 11.1 Smart Adhesives......Page 185 11.2.1 Introduction......Page 188 11.2.2 Perovskite LaCoO3: A n- or p-Type Oxide......Page 189 11.2.3 Orthochromites Pr1−xCaxCrO3: Role of the Spin and Orbital Degeneracies......Page 190 11.2.4 Large Thermopower in Metallic Oxides: The Misfit Layer Oxides......Page 191 11.2.4.1 Influence of Doping......Page 192 11.2.4.3 Electrical Resistivity and Thermal Conductivity......Page 193 11.2.5 SrRuO3: A Metallic Perovskite with a Thermoelectric Power Driven by the Spin Degeneracy Term......Page 194 References......Page 195 11.3.1 Introduction......Page 196 11.3.2.2 Increase of Polymer Matrix Shrinkage......Page 197 11.3.2.6 Low-Temperature Sintering of Nanosilver Fillers......Page 198 11.3.2.2.2 Low-Moisture Absorption......Page 199 11.3.2.2.6 Oxide-Penetrating Particles......Page 200 11.3.2.4 Improvement of Impact Performance......Page 201 11.3.3 Anisotropic Conductive Adhesives and Films......Page 202 11.3.3.1.2 Low-Temperature Sintering of Nano Ag Filled ACA......Page 203 11.3.3.4 Nanowire ACF for Ultrafine Pitch Flip-Chip Interconnection......Page 204 11.3.4 Nonconductive Adhesives and Films......Page 205 11.3.4.2 NCAs with Improved Reliability for Flip-Chip Assembly......Page 206 References......Page 207 11.4.2 Principle of the Galvanic Cell......Page 209 11.4.3.1 Tungsten Oxide Gels for the Active Electrochromic Layer......Page 211 11.4.4 Conclusions......Page 212 References......Page 213 12.2 Cure Monitoring......Page 215 12.3 Health Monitoring......Page 217 Bibliography......Page 219 13.1.1 Introduction......Page 221 13.1.2.1 Thermoresponsive Polymers......Page 222 13.1.2.2 pH-Sensitive Polymers......Page 223 13.1.2.3.2 Glutathione......Page 224 13.1.2.4.6 Light......Page 225 13.1.4 Conclusions......Page 226 References......Page 227 13.2.2.1 Control of Drug Concentration Levels Over Time......Page 230 13.2.3.4 Calcium-Stimulated Systems......Page 231 13.2.4.5.2 Morphine Triggered Naltrexone Delivery System......Page 232 13.2.5 Concluding Remarks......Page 233 References......Page 234 14.1.1 Introduction......Page 237 14.1.2 Fiber Optic Sensors......Page 238 14.1.3.1 Intensity-Modulated Sensors......Page 240 14.1.3.2 Polarimetric Sensors......Page 241 14.1.3.3 Interferometric Sensors......Page 242 14.1.4 Emerging Optical Fiber Concepts......Page 244 14.1.4.3 DFBG Sensors......Page 245 14.1.5 Selected Applications of Fiber Optic Sensors......Page 246 References......Page 250 14.2.2 Introduction......Page 253 14.2.3.1 Physics of Windows......Page 254 14.2.4 Survey of Smart Windows......Page 255 14.2.4.1.1 Inorganic Electrochromic Smart Windows......Page 257 14.2.4.3 Thermotropic Devices......Page 258 14.2.4.3.1 Hydrogels......Page 259 14.2.4.4 PDLC Devices......Page 260 14.2.4.5 Suspended Particle Devices......Page 261 14.2.5 Electrochromic Smart Windows......Page 262 14.2.5.1.3 Type 3—Ion Transport Layer and Complementary Counterelectrode......Page 263 14.2.5.2.2 Counterelectrode Materials......Page 264 14.2.5.3 Control of Electrochromic Smart Windows......Page 265 References......Page 266 15.1 Introduction......Page 271 15.2 Conventional Underfill Materials and Process......Page 272 15.3 Reliability of Flip-Chip Underfill Packages......Page 274 15.4 New Challenges to Underfill......Page 275 15.5 No-Flow Underfill......Page 277 15.5.1 Approaches of Incorporating Silica Fillers into No-Flow Underfill......Page 279 15.6 Molded Underfill......Page 281 15.7 Wafer Level Underfill......Page 282 References......Page 285 16.1 Introduction......Page 289 16.4 Isothermal Cure......Page 290 16.5.1 Thick Laminates......Page 292 16.5.2 Resin Infusion of Three-Dimensionally Advanced Fiber Architecture Preforms......Page 293 16.6 Automated Intelligent Closed Loop Control......Page 294 16.7.1 Monitoring Cure of Coatings......Page 295 16.8 Life Monitoring......Page 298 References......Page 299 17.2 MR Fluid History......Page 301 17.3.3 Additives......Page 303 17.4 Properties of Typical MR Fluids......Page 304 17.5.1 Valve Mode......Page 305 17.6 MR Fluid Applications......Page 306 References......Page 307 18.1 Concept of Intelligent Materials Processing......Page 309 18.2 Processing of Composite Materials......Page 310 18.2.1 Cure of Thermosetting Resins......Page 311 18.2.2 Sensors and Sensing Techniques for Composites Manufacturing......Page 312 18.2.3 Fiber Optic Sensors Applied to RTM Process Monitoring......Page 313 18.4 Conclusion......Page 317 References......Page 318 19.1 Magnets, Organic/Polymer......Page 319 19.1.3 Hexacyanometallate Room Temperature Magnets......Page 323 19.1.4 Uses of Organic/Polymeric Magnets......Page 324 References......Page 325 19.2.1 Introduction......Page 326 19.2.3 Characteristics and Physical Properties of GMM......Page 327 19.2.5 Applications of GMM......Page 329 19.2.5.2 Giant Magnetostrictive Torsional Actuator/Torque Sensor......Page 331 19.2.5.3 GMA for Valve Ring Indentation......Page 332 References......Page 334 20.1.1 Activation of the Shape Memory Alloys with Magnetic Field......Page 335 20.1.1.1 Magnetic Shape Memory Effect......Page 336 20.1.1.4 Giant Magnetocaloric Effect......Page 338 20.1.3.3 Damping......Page 339 References......Page 340 20.2.2 SMAs: A Brief Introduction from a Microsystem Design Prospective......Page 342 20.2.4.1 Two-Way SME......Page 344 20.2.4.2 Oriented Precipitates (All-Around Effect)......Page 345 20.2.5 Extrinsic Methods......Page 346 20.2.6 Monolithic Design: Laser Annealing of SMA (LASMA)......Page 348 20.2.7 Summary of SMA Actuator Design Methods......Page 349 References......Page 350 20.3.1 Introduction......Page 351 20.3.2.2 Isothermal Pseudoelastic Loading......Page 352 20.3.2.7 Reorientation......Page 353 20.3.2.8 Shape Memory Effect......Page 354 20.3.3.2 Macroscopic Models......Page 355 20.3.4 Formulation of SMM Models in the Framework of Thermomechanics with Internal Variables......Page 356 20.3.4.2 Choice of the Free Energy Function (Steps iii and iv)......Page 357 20.3.4.3 Choice of the Dissipation Function (Step v) and Derivation of the Transformation Kinetics......Page 358 20.3.4.4 Material Parameter Identification......Page 360 References......Page 361 20.4.1 SMAs and the Martensitic Transformation......Page 362 20.4.2.1 Fe-Based Alloys......Page 363 20.4.2.3 Ni–Ti Alloys......Page 364 20.4.2.5 High-Temperature SMAs......Page 365 20.4.3 Functional Properties of SMAs......Page 366 References......Page 369 20.5.1 Introduction......Page 370 20.5.2 Conservation Laws, Equations of State, and Constitutive Equations......Page 373 20.5.3 Informal Classification of Modeling Techniques for Smart Materials......Page 374 20.6 On the Microstructural Mechanisms of SMEs......Page 375 20.6.1 Microscopic Mechanisms......Page 376 20.6.2 Macroscopic Effects......Page 377 20.6.3 Summary......Page 379 References......Page 380 21.2 High-Yield Strength Electrorheological Fluids......Page 381 21.4 Giant ER Effect Materials......Page 382 21.5 Lamellar Particle Structures—Effect of Coupled Electric and Shear Fields......Page 383 21.6 Alternative Model for Yield Strength of ER Materials......Page 384 References......Page 385 22.1.1 Carbon Microtubular Morphologies......Page 387 22.1.2 Conical Carbon Nanotube Morphologies......Page 388 22.2.1 Synthesis Methods and Growth Mechanisms......Page 389 22.2.2 Control of Morphology......Page 392 22.3.1 Synthesis Methods and Growth Mechanisms......Page 394 22.3.2 Morphological Control......Page 396 22.4.2 Templates for Nanoelectrode Ensembles......Page 397 22.4.4 Porous Carbons......Page 398 22.4.5 Drug Delivery, Fluid Flow, and Other Miscellaneous Applications......Page 399 References......Page 400 23.2 Smart Coating Technologies for Corrosion Protection......Page 403 23.2.2.1.3 Background and History of ICPs......Page 404 23.2.2.1.5.1 PANI on Steel with Phosphonate Dopants......Page 406 23.2.2.1.5.3 Other Polymer Dopant Combinations......Page 412 23.2.2.1.6 Redox Polymers......Page 413 23.2.2.2 Chemical Potential......Page 414 23.3 Important Opportunities......Page 416 References......Page 417 24.1.1 Introduction......Page 419 24.1.3 Sensing......Page 420 24.1.4 Actuating......Page 421 24.1.5 Energy Conversion and Storage......Page 423 24.1.6 Polymer Processing and Device Fabrication......Page 424 References......Page 425 24.2.2 Properties......Page 428 24.2.3 Development of New Materials......Page 429 References......Page 430 24.3.2 Smart Polymers Used in Biotechnology and Medicine......Page 431 24.3.2.2 Thermosensitive Smart Polymers......Page 432 24.3.3 Applications......Page 434 24.3.3.2 Bioseparation—Affinity Precipitation......Page 435 24.3.3.3 Bioseparation—Partitioning in Aqueous Polymer Two-Phase Systems......Page 437 24.3.3.4 Smart Surfaces—Cell Detachment......Page 438 24.3.3.5 Smart Surfaces—Temperature-Controlled Chromatography......Page 439 24.3.3.6 Smart Surfaces—Controlled Porosity, “Chemical Valve”......Page 440 24.3.3.7 Liposomes that Trigger Release of the Contents......Page 441 24.3.3.8 Smart Polymers in Bioanalytical Systems......Page 442 24.3.3.9 Reversibly Soluble Biocatalysts......Page 443 References......Page 444 25.1.2.1 ER Fluid-Based Mount......Page 449 25.1.2.2 MR Fluid-Based Mount......Page 452 25.1.2.3 Piezoelectric Actuator-Based Mount......Page 454 25.1.3.1 Seat Suspension Using ER Damper......Page 455 25.1.3.2 Vehicle Suspension Using MR Damper......Page 457 25.1.3.3 CD-ROM Drive Featuring Piezoelectric Shunt......Page 460 References......Page 462 25.2.1.1 Passive Control with Piezoelectric Materials......Page 464 25.2.2 Linear Theory of Electrodynamics......Page 465 25.2.3.4 Third-Order Shear Deformation Theory......Page 466 25.2.4.2 Hamilton’s Principle with a Rayleigh-Ritz Formulation......Page 467 25.2.5.2 Accurate Description of Electric Potentials in the Piezoelectric Layers......Page 468 References......Page 469 26.2 Piezoelectric Stack Actuator......Page 471 26.2.1 Structure with a Stack Transducer......Page 472 26.3 Integral Force Feedback......Page 473 26.4 Passive Shunt Damping......Page 474 26.4.2 Inductive Shunting......Page 475 26.5 Active Shunt Damping......Page 476 26.6.2 Root Loci......Page 477 References......Page 479 27.1.1 Defining Smart Materials and Smart Structures......Page 481 27.2 Biotelemetry or Biologging: Introduction......Page 482 27.3.1.1 Lotek Wireless Fish and Wildlife Systems......Page 484 27.3.1.3 Star-Oddi Marine Device Manufacturing......Page 485 27.3.1.5 Wildlife Computers......Page 486 27.4.1.1 Fishes......Page 487 27.4.1.2 Cephalopods......Page 489 27.4.1.3 Turtles......Page 490 27.4.3 Assessing Energy Expenditure with Acoustic Telemetry: Fishes, Cephalopods, and Turtles......Page 491 27.4.4 Assessing Energy Expenditure with Acoustic Telemetry: Marine Mammals......Page 493 27.4.5 Assessing Energy Expenditure Using Video Telemetry: Fishes, Cephalopods, and Turtles......Page 494 27.4.6 Assessing Energy Expenditure Using Video Telemetry: Marine Mammals......Page 495 27.5.1 Life History Transmitter......Page 496 27.5.3 Methods of Testing Behavioral Hypotheses Using Biotelemetry......Page 497 References......Page 498 28.1 Introduction and Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers......Page 501 28.2 Fabrication Methods of Molecular Imprinting Technology......Page 502 28.3 Molecular Imprinting Formats......Page 503 References......Page 504 29.1 Introduction......Page 507 29.3 Smart Polymers in Biomedical Sensing......Page 508 29.6 Immunosensors......Page 509 29.8 Drug Delivery......Page 510 References......Page 511 30.2 Chemical Indicating Devices Are Smart......Page 513 30.2.5 Temperature and Time–Temperature Indicators......Page 514 30.2.5.3 Irreversible Temperature Labels......Page 515 30.2.5.6 Chemical Kinetic Basis for TTI Application......Page 516 30.2.5.9 3M Monitormark TTI......Page 517 30.2.6 Anticounterfeiting and Tamper Indicator Devices......Page 518 30.2.6.2 Microtaggants Technology......Page 519 30.2.7 Indicating Device Issues and Limitations......Page 520 References......Page 521 31.1 Introduction......Page 523 31.3.1 Parametric Analysis for the Cantilever Deflection......Page 524 31.4 Fabrication of Piezoelectric Composite Cantilevers......Page 525 31.5 Testing and Evaluation of Cantilevers......Page 526 31.5.2 Testing of Unimorph Cantilever......Page 527 References......Page 528 32.2 Sound Frequency Range for Materials Characterization and Testing......Page 531 32.5 Basic Equations......Page 532 32.8 Couplants......Page 533 32.11 Example 1: Real Defects Used to Establish and NDT Procedure......Page 534 32.12 Example 2: Material Property Variation Shown during “Flaw Detection”......Page 536 32.13 Example 3: Filtering to Separate Discontinuities from Material Variations......Page 537 32.14 Conclusion......Page 539 References......Page 540 33.2 Preparation of Highly Ordered Porous Alumina Substrates......Page 543 33.3.1 Nano–Black Lipid Membranes......Page 544 33.3.2 Solvent-Free Pore Suspending Membranes......Page 545 33.4 Insertion of Ion Channel Forming Peptides and Proteins......Page 546 References......Page 547 Residual Stress In Thin Films / A.g. Vedeshwar -- Intelligent Synthesis Of Smart Ceramic Materials / Wojciech L. Suchanek And Richard E. Riman -- Functionally Graded Polymer Blend / Yasuyuki Agari -- Structural Application Of Smart Materials / R. Sreekala And K. Muthumani -- Composite Systems Modeling-adaptive Structures: Modeling And Applications And Hybrid Composites / Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Actuators / Yuanchang Liang And Minoru Taya -- Aircraft Applications Of Smart Structures / Johannes Schweiger -- Smart Battery Materials / Arumugam Manthiram -- Piezoelectric And Electrostrictive Ceramics Transducers And Actuators -- Chitosan-based Gels And Hydrogels -- Films, Coatings, Adhesives, Polymers, And Thermoelectric Materials -- Cure And Health Monitoring / Tatsuro Kosaka -- Drug Delivery Systems -- Fiber Optic Systems: Optical Fiber Sensor Technology And Windows -- Flip-chip Underfill: Materials, Process, And Reliability / Zhuqing Zhang And C.p. Wong --^ Dielectric Cure Monitoring Of Polymers, Composites, And Coatings: Synthesis, Cure, Fabrication, And Aging / David Kranbuehl -- Magnetorheological Fluids / J. David Carlson -- Intelligent Processing Of Materials / J.a. Güemes And J.m. Menendez -- Magnets, Magnetic, And Magnetostrictive Materials -- Shape-memory Alloys And Effects: Types, Functions, Modeling, And Applications -- Current Developments In Electrorheological Materials / Frank E. Filisko -- Carbon Microtubes And Conical Carbon Nanotubes / Santoshrupa Dumpala [and Others] -- Smart Corrosion Protective Coatings / Patrick J. Kinlen And Martin Kendig -- Smart Polymers For Biotechnology And Elastomers -- Vibration Control For Smart Structures -- Active Truss Structures / B. De Marneffe And André Preumont -- Application Of Smart Materials And Smart Structures To The Study Of Aquatic Animals / Jesse E. Purdy And Alison Roberts Cohan -- Molecular Imprinting Technology / David A. Spivak --^ Biomedical Sensing / Dora Klara Makai And Gabor Harsanyi -- Intelligent Chemical Indicators / Christopher O. Oriakhi -- Piezoelectric Polymer Pvdf Microactuators / Yao Fu, Erol C. Harvey, And Muralidhar K. Ghantasala -- Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing And Materials Characterization / John A. Brunk -- Lipid Membranes On Highly Ordered Porous Alumina Substrates / Andreas Janshoff And Claudia Steinem. Edited By Mel Schwartz. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.