Smart Graphics: 9th International Symposium, SG 2008, Rennes, France, August 27-29, 2008, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5166)

For centuries, artists and designers have been creating communicative graphics. With the advent of new forms of media, the emergence of paradigms such as ubiquitous computing, and the rapid evolution of interaction devices, there is a continuous cycle of renewal of the technologies and methods to support artists, interaction designers and developers. Developingnewapproachesrequiresanunderstandingofthe fundamentals of perception and cognition as they relate to interaction and communication te- nologies, together with arti?cial intelligence and computer graphics techniques to automate reasoning and enhance cognition. Smart Graphics is in essence an interdisciplinary endeavor and brings together the ?elds of computer graphics, arti?cial intelligence, cognitive science, graphic design and ?ne art. The International Symposium on Smart Graphics 2008 was held on August 27–29 in Rennes, France. It was the ninth event in a series which originally started in 2000 as an American Association for Arti?cial Intelligence Spring Symposium and has taken place every year since then. Due to the high quality of the papers submitted this year, the ProgramCommittee decided to accept 17 fullpapers(insteadoftheusual15),9shortpapersand3systemdemonstrations. The acceptance rate for full papers was 34%. This year’s meeting included a discussion as to the nature of the shape, contentandfutureoftheevent.Representativesfromdi?erentcommunitieswere invitedtogivetheiropinions,andtheorganizingcommitteewouldliketowarmly thank them here. Such questions as the ongoing viability of the symposium and theconsequencesofco-locatingSmartGraphicswithotherlargerresearchevents led to interesting debates and have prepared the groundwork for what could be the future of the Smart Graphics conferenceseries. Title Page Preface Organization Table of Contents Pillow: Interactive Flattening of a 3D Model for Plush Toy Design Introduction UserInterface Estimation of Total Sewing Time Classification of Time Costs Estimation of Weights Discussion Implementation Results Conclusion and Future Work References Using the CAT for 3D Sketching in Front of Large Displays Motivation Previous Work SystemOverview Sketching Using Convolution Surfaces Introduction to the CAT Interaction Device The Virtual 3D Paper Sheet Metaphor Interactions for Object Creation Interactions for Object Edition Modeling Sessions Conclusion References MathPaper: Mathematical Sketching with Fluid Support for Interactive Computation Introduction Related Work Fundamental Interactions Ink Input and Editing by Handwriting Commands Interaction for Switching between Drawing and Math Modes Specifying Mathematics Extended Mathematical Notations Allograph Mapping Recognizing Mathematics Interactive Feedback Automatic Range Segmentation Gesture Disambiguation Supporting Computation Automatic Update Display Feedback and Interaction with Computation Results Graphing Discussion Future Work Conclusion References Intelligent Mouse-Based Object Group Selection Introduction Related Work Motivation and Contributions Grouping Objects by Gestalt Principles Proximity Groups Good Continuity Groups: Collinearity and Curvilinearity User Interaction with Gestalt Group Resolving Ambiguity Experiments Tasks and Stimuli Experimental Design Results Discussion Conclusion and Future Work References Improving 3D Selection in VEs through Expanding Targets and Forced Disocclusion Introduction Previous Work Adapting Expanding Targets to 3D Selection Increasing W through Dynamic Scaling Increasing W through Forced Disocclusion Experiment Conclusions and Future Work References Finger Walking in Place (FWIP): A Traveling Technique in Virtual Environments Introduction Multi-touch Devices Design Interaction Technique Evaluation Virtual World Pilot Study Formative Study Summary and Future Work References An Empirical Study of Bringing Audience into the Movie Introduction Related Work Bring Audience into the Movie Acquiring Facial Geometry and Textures Face Modeling Controlling Character in Real Time Real-Time Movie Rendering Audience Experience Evaluation Experimental Tasks and Subjects Experimental Setting and Protocol Physiological Data Analyses Results Subjective Response Physiological Responses Discussion and Conclusions References Creative Sketches Production in Digital Design: A User-Centered Evaluation of a 3D Digital Environment Introduction The CAAO Tools Doesn’t Support Preliminary Design Digital Surface Use Proposition of a Freehand Design Environment for Preliminary Architectural Design The Study Issue: A User-Centered Evaluation of 3D Digital Environment Three Successive Steps Participants: Practicing Architects A Realistic Architectural Problem Method Results Generating Digital Layout Managing the Drawing Areas Writing and Processing Documents Would the Architects Use the Digital Environment in Their Daily Practice? Conclusion References Evaluation of an Augmented Photograph-Based Pedestrian Navigation System Introduction Related Work System Interface Prototype Test Route Photograph Composition and Interface Prototype Experimental Setup Test Group Selection Technical Setup Conducting the Evaluation Experimental Results Observation Questionnaire Interview Conclusion References Representative Views and Paths for Volume Models Introduction Previous Work Fast Best View Selection Multi Scale Entropy Interactive Good Viewpoint Selection Representative View Selection Normalized Compression Distance NCD-Based Representative View Selection Exploration Path Construction Conclusions References Real-Time Camera Planning for Navigation in Virtual Environments Introduction Related Work Real-Time Camera Planning Problem Description Definition of Configuration Space Construction of Probabilistic Roadmap Camera Planning Algorithm Design of Cost Functions Consideration of Camera Intercuts Experimental Results Basic Experiments Experiments on Prediction Depths Conclusions References Virtual Camera Composition with Particle Swarm Optimization Introduction Related Work A PSO Approach to VCC Available Image Properties Phase 1: Computing Volumes of Feasible Camera Positions Phase 2: Searching Inside the Feasible Volume with PSO Implementation and Experimental Results Performances Conclusions References Through-the-Lens Scene Design Motivations State-of-the-Art Principles Camera Control Combination with Object Transformation Specular Reflection Control Shadow Control Umbra Design Penumbra Design Discussion References Similarity-Based Exploded Views Introduction Related Work Similarity-Steered Visualization Selection of Structured Views Evaluating Similarity Model Partitioning Slice Grouping Results Conclusions References Hardware-Accelerated Illustrative Medical Surface Visualization with Extended Shading Maps Introduction Related Work Shading Arrangement in Medical Textbooks Shape Modeling Depth Cueing and Contrast Enhancement Emulation of Shading Arrangements Requirement Analysis Realization of the Extended Shading Buffer Combination Parameter Adjustment and Simplification Parameters for the Shading Arrangement Default Values High-Level Attributes Effectiveness of the Manual Parameterization Conclusions and Future Work References Smart Lenses Motivation The Data-State-Reference Model Specification of Smart Lenses General Lens Definition Automatic Adaptation of Lens Parameters Description of the Lens Region on Every Stage of the DSRM Combination of Smart Lenses Realization and Usage Examples Conclusion References Overlapping Clustered Graphs: Co-authorship Networks Visualization Introduction Related Work Social Network Tools Clustered Graph Drawing Group Drawing with Overlapper Overlapper Group Building Graph Layout and Drawing Graph Interaction Case Study Conclusions and Future Work References dream.Medusa: A Participatory Performance Introduction The dream.Medusa Performance Voice Controlled Interaction Participant Control ArtisticConcept PerformanceHistory Participatory Performance and Interaction References The Visual Expression Process: Bridging Vision and Data Visualization Introduction Vision Mechanisms for Data Analysis Maps of Saliences Attentive Selection Cognition, Memory and Vision The Visual Expression Process Pre-attentive Stimuli Visual Perceptions Interpretations The Process of Visual Expressivity Discussion Conclusions References Flux: Enhancing Photo Organization through Interaction and Automation Introduction Flux Motivation Related Work Design Overview of Flux Discussion Conclusion References PhotoSim: Tightly Integrating Image Analysis into a Photo Browsing UI Introduction Related Work Tightly Integrating Similarity and User Feedback in the UI The PhotoSim User Interface Image Analysis Low Level Features Used Clustering Algorithm Integration of User Feedback Preliminary Evaluation Summary and Future Work References Thor: Sketch-Based 3D Modeling by Skeletons Introduction Generation of the Object Construction of the Skeleton Construction of the Mesh Interaction Interactive Creation of a 3D Model The CrossWidget Conclusion and Future Work References Sketch-Based Navigation in 3D Virtual Environments Introduction Related Work Sketch-Based Navigation Sketchy Navigation Commands Navigation Affordances of 3D Objects Processing Sketch-Based Navigation Commands Interpreting Navigation Sketches Mapping Navigation Commands to Animations Visualization of Pending Navigation Commands Sketching Speed Conclusions and Future Work References Adaptive Layout for Interactive Documents Introduction Related Work Adaptive Document Layout Architecture Overview Layout Engine Task-Driven Document Layout Case Study Conclusion and Future Work References Curvature- and Model-Based Surface Hatching of Anatomical Structures Derived from Clinical Volume Datasets Introduction Related Work RequirementAnalysis Curvature- and Model-Based Vector Field Adaptive Curvature Approximation Model-Based Preferential Directions Combination of Curvature and Preferential Direction Results and Discussions Conclusions and Future Work References Relational Transparency Model for Interactive Technical Illustration Introduction Principles Behind Ghosted Views Relational Transparency Model Rendering Order Rendering Performance Conclusion References An Interactive Large Graph Visualizer Introduction High-Dimensional Approach AGISystem Future Directions References Panel Beat: Layout and Timing of Comic Panels Introduction Related Work Panel Layout Library Page Layout Algorithm Implementation Conclusions and Future Work References Author Index This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Smart Graphics, SG 2008, held in Rennes, France in August 2008. The 17 revised full papers together with 9 short papers and 3 demonstrations presented were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers are organized in topical sections on sketching, navigation and selection, studies and evaluation, camera planning, as well as visualization