Smart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothing: Fundamentals and Applications (Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles)

This important book provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. Smart fibres, fabrics and clothing starts with a review of the background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fibre science aspects of the technology including: Electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles; Thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics; Cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel; Permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes; optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation; integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures; Wearable electronic and photonic technologies; Adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS); Biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineering It is essential reading for academics in textile and materials science departments, researchers, designers and engineers in the textiles and clothing product design field. Product managers and senior executives within textile and clothing manufacturing will also find the latest insights into technological developments in the field valuable and fascinating. Front Matter......Page 2 Foreword......Page 4 List of Contributors......Page 6 Acknowledgements......Page 9 Table of Contents......Page 0 Table of Contents......Page 10 1.1 Introduction......Page 15 1.2 Development of Smart Technology for Textiles and Clothing......Page 17 1.3 Outline of the Book......Page 19 2.1 Introduction......Page 21 2.2 Polymer Materials as Actuators or Artificial Muscle......Page 23 2.4 Triggers for Actuating Polymer Gels......Page 24 2.5 Electro-Active Polymer Gels as Artificial Muscles......Page 29 2.6 From Electro-Active Polymer Gel to Electro-Active Elastomer with Large Deformation......Page 42 References......Page 44 3.1 Development Introduction......Page 48 3.2 Basics of Heat-Storage Materials......Page 49 3.3 Manufacture of Heat-Storage and Thermo-Regulated Textiles and Clothing......Page 55 3.4 Properties of Heat-Storage and Thermo-Regulated Textiles and Clothing......Page 61 3.5 Application......Page 66 3.6 Development Trends......Page 68 References......Page 69 4.1 Introduction......Page 72 4.2 Thermal Storage and Thermal Insulating Fibres......Page 74 4.3 Thermal Insulation Through Polymeric Coatings......Page 82 4.4 Designing of Fabric Assemblies......Page 89 References......Page 93 5.2 Fibrous Intelligent Materials......Page 97 5.3 Experimental......Page 99 5.4 Results and Discussion......Page 100 5.5 Conclusions......Page 105 References......Page 106 6.1 Introduction......Page 107 6.2 Experimental......Page 109 6.3 Results and Discussion......Page 111 6.4 Conclusions......Page 120 References......Page 121 7.1 Introduction......Page 123 7.2 Experimental......Page 124 7.3 Results and Discussion......Page 126 7.4 Conclusions......Page 135 References......Page 136 8.1 Introduction......Page 138 8.2 Fabrication Techniques......Page 139 8.3 Mechanisms of FBG Sensor Fabrication......Page 141 8.4 Mechanical Properties......Page 144 8.5 Influence of the UV Irradiation on Mechanical Properties......Page 147 8.6 Polymeric Fibre......Page 155 References......Page 159 9.1 Introduction......Page 164 9.2 Optical Methodology for FBG Sensors......Page 165 9.3 Optical Responses Under Tension......Page 170 9.4 Optical Responses Under Torsion......Page 172 9.5 Optical Responses Under Lateral Compression......Page 175 9.6 Optical Responses Under Bending......Page 179 9.7 Conclusions......Page 180 References......Page 181 10.1 Introduction......Page 188 10.2 Optical Fibres and Fibre Optic Sensors......Page 189 10.3 Principal Analysis of Embedded Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors......Page 191 10.4 Simultaneous Measurements of Strain and Temperature......Page 195 10.5 Measurement Effectiveness......Page 201 10.6 Reliability of FBGs......Page 205 10.7 Error of Strain Measurement Due to Deviation of Position and Direction......Page 206 10.9 Conclusions......Page 209 References......Page 211 11.1 Historical Overview of Membranes for Gas Separation......Page 214 11.2 Development of Membranes for Industrial Gas Separation......Page 216 11.4 Phase Inversion and Hollow Fibre Membrane Formation......Page 225 11.5 Future Hollow Fibre Membranes and Industrial Gas Separation......Page 228 References......Page 229 12.2 Basics of Embroidery Technology......Page 232 12.3 Embroidery for Technical Applications — Tailored Fibre Placement......Page 234 12.4 Embroidery Technology Used for Medical Textiles......Page 235 12.5 Embroidered Stamp — Gag or Innovation?......Page 238 References......Page 239 13.2 Textiles In Computing: the Symbiotic Relationship......Page 240 13.3 The Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard......Page 242 13.4 GTWM: Contributions and Potential Applications......Page 250 13.5 Emergence of a New Paradigm: Harnessing the Opportunity......Page 254 13.6 Conclusion......Page 258 References......Page 259 14.1 Introduction......Page 260 14.2 Key Issues and Performance Requirements......Page 261 14.3 The Prototype......Page 262 14.4 Conclusions......Page 266 15.1 Introduction......Page 268 15.2 Treatment of Wool with Enzymes......Page 270 15.3 Treatment of Cotton with Enzymes......Page 277 15.5 Spider Silk......Page 284 15.7 Conclusions......Page 285 References......Page 286 16.1 Introduction......Page 292 16.2 Fundamental Aspects of Shape Memory Materials......Page 294 16.3 Concept of Biodegradable Shape Memory Polymers......Page 295 16.4 Degradable Thermoplastic Elastomers Having Shape Memory Properties......Page 298 16.5 Degradable Polymer Networks Having Shape Memory Properties......Page 301 References......Page 302 17.1 Introduction......Page 305 17.2 Ideal Scaffold System......Page 309 17.3 Scaffold Materials......Page 310 17.4 Textile Scaffold......Page 312 References......Page 320 Index......Page 328 Smart fibres and other fibre based smart products are a new area of textile development encompasing materials and structures that have the ability to sense and react to the environment by emulating those found in nature